CN101379975B - 农药组合物 - Google Patents
农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101379975B CN101379975B CN200810215857XA CN200810215857A CN101379975B CN 101379975 B CN101379975 B CN 101379975B CN 200810215857X A CN200810215857X A CN 200810215857XA CN 200810215857 A CN200810215857 A CN 200810215857A CN 101379975 B CN101379975 B CN 101379975B
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- Prior art keywords
- pesticide
- composition
- acid ester
- microcapsules
- composition pesticide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DFQMKYUSAALDDY-MQEBUAKTSA-N trinactin Chemical compound C[C@@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H](O1)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H](O1)C[C@H](CC)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](O1)C[C@@H](CC)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C)CC)C(=O)O[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1O2 DFQMKYUSAALDDY-MQEBUAKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFQMKYUSAALDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinactin Natural products CC1C(=O)OC(CC)CC(O2)CCC2C(C)C(=O)OC(CC)CC(O2)CCC2C(C)C(=O)OC(CC)CC(O2)CCC2C(C)C(=O)OC(C)CC2CCC1O2 DFQMKYUSAALDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种农药组合物，其包括：微胶囊，其中含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹；至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分；增稠剂；和水。所述农药组合物在无需改变微胶囊自身设计的情况下就具有适用于其施用情形的溶出性能。对于热固性树脂，优选聚氨酯树脂或聚脲树脂。对于农药活性成分，可列举昆虫生长调节活性成分如4-苯氧基苯基2-(2-吡啶氧基)丙醚。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农药组合物，更具体地，本发明涉及一种水性悬浮农药组合物，其中包含农药活性成分的微胶囊被分散在水中。
背景技术
对于用于控制农药活性成分的效力和赋予多种性能的农药制剂技术，人们对微胶囊(MC)制剂已经进行了研究和开发，并开始实际使用。对于这些制剂，膜材料的材料质量和膜厚度根据所需性能以及在其中被包封的农药活性成分来设计，所述性能为例如农药活性成分稳定性的提高、植物毒性的降低、施用时毒性的降低和残效性的改进。
例如，日本专利公报8-53306公开了一种农药组合物，在所述农药组合物中农药活性成分被微胶囊化，其中微胶囊的膜为含异氰尿酸酯结构的聚氨酯树脂或聚脲树脂。日本专利公报2005-247696号公开了一种微胶囊化的昆虫生长调节剂，其中昆虫生长调节活性成分被包封在聚氨酯膜或聚脲膜中，所述膜由平均粒度、膜厚度和膜厚度/平均粒度比的具体数值来限定。日本专利公报2007-63181号公开了一种水性悬浮组合物，其中包括含农药活性成分的疏水液体且具有特定体积粒度的微胶囊分散于水中。
发明内容
在具有由热固性树脂(聚氨酯树脂、聚脲树脂等)制成的膜的微胶囊制剂中，由于要求的溶出性能随着施用情形的不同而不同，因此有必要改变微胶囊自身的设计，如膜物质的选择和膜厚度的调节。然而，改变微胶囊自身的设计是复杂麻烦的。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种包含微胶囊的农药组合物，其实现了能够适合于施用情形的溶出性能，而不必改变微胶囊自身的设计。
为了实现上述目的，本申请的发明人进行了勤劳的努力，发现通过将增稠剂和特定成分添加到微胶囊的浆料中而制得水性悬浮农药组合物，在所述微胶囊中由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油，在喷洒该农药组合物后，农药活性成分从微胶囊中的溶出被抑制，改进了持续释放性能，由此本发明人实现了本发明。
即，本发明提供一种农药组合物，所述农药组合物包括：微胶囊，其中含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹；至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或它的盐中的物质；增稠剂；和水。
对于热固性树脂，优选聚氨酯树脂或聚脲树脂。对于农药活性成分，可列举昆虫生长调节活性成分如4-苯氧基苯基2-(2-吡啶氧基)丙醚。
因为本发明的农药组合物包含至少一种在水性悬浮液中的选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分，所述水性悬浮液包括包封农药活性成分的微胶囊和增稠剂，所以在将农药组合物喷洒到固相表面或类似物上以后，明显抑制了农药活性成分向微胶囊外部的溶出，并得到了高的持续释放能力。因而将化学效力保持较长时间，使得能够降低施用量和施用次数，且能降低植物毒性。此外，因为能够通过调节例如聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯或烷基苯磺酸或其盐的用量来控制农药活性成分从微胶囊中的溶出，所以可在不改变微胶囊自身设计的情况下实现适于施用情形的溶出性能。
优选实施方案描述
本发明的农药组合物包含：微胶囊，其中含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹；至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分；增稠剂；和水。
对用于本发明中的农药活性成分未作特殊限制，只要其能通过溶于或分散于有机溶剂、尤其是疏水有机溶剂中而形成稳定的液体状态即可。对于这类农药活性成分，可列举如下活性成分化合物：昆虫生长调节剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂，代表性例子列于下面。这些农药活性成分可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的方式使用。
杀螟硫磷、倍硫磷、二嗪农、毒死蜱、乙酰甲胺磷、杀扑磷、乙拌磷、DDVP、甲丙硫磷(sulprofos)、杀螟腈、蔬果磷、乐果、稻丰散、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、谷硫磷、久效磷、乙硫磷；
BPMC、丙硫克百威、残杀威、丁硫克百威、灭多威、乙硫苯威、涕灭威、杀线威、苯硫威；
醚菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、甲氰聚酯、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、乙氰菊酯、氟胺氰戊菊酯、联苯菊酯、苄螨醚、四溴菊酯、氟硅菊酯、d-苯醚菊酯、苯醚氰菊酯、d-苄呋菊酯、氟丙菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、七氟菊酯、四氟苯菊酯、胺菊酯、烯丙菊酯、右旋炔丙菊酯、烯炔菊酯、炔咪菊酯、d-右旋炔呋菊酯；
噻嗪酮、杀螟丹、杀虫环、杀虫磺；
硫丹、γ-BHC、三氯杀螨醇、定虫隆、氟苯脲、氟虫脲；
双甲脒、杀虫脒、丁醚脲、恶虫酮、溴螨酯、三氯杀螨砜、灭螨猛、快螨特、苯丁锡、噻螨酮、四螨嗪、哒螨灵、唑螨酯、吡螨胺、杀螨素、二活菌素、三活菌素、嘧螨醚、密灭汀、阿维菌素、依维菌素(Ivermectin)、印楝素(azadirachtin)；
烯虫酯、烯虫乙酯、吡丙醚(pyriproxyfen)、烯虫炔酯、ethoprene、除虫脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、虱螨脲、敌草胺(novaluron)；
灭蝇胺、虫酰肼、环虫酰肼、甲氧虫酰肼、氯虫酰肼；
5-甲基-1，2，4-三唑[3，4-b]苯并噻唑、
1-(丁基氨基甲酰基)苯并咪唑-2-氨基甲酸甲酯、
6-(3，5-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
1-(4-氯苯氧基)-3，3-二甲基-1-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)丁酮、
(E)-4-氯-2-(三氟甲基)-N-[1-(咪唑-1-基)-2-丙氧基乙叉基]苯胺、
1-[N-丙基-N-[2-(2，4，6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]氨基甲酰基]咪唑、
(E)-1-(4-氯苯基)-4，4-二甲基-2-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)-1-戊烯-3-醇、
1-(4-氯苯基)-4，4-二甲基-2-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)戊-3-醇、
(E)-1-(2，4-二氯苯基)-4，4-二甲基-2-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)-1-戊烯-3-醇、
1-(2，4-二氯苯基)-4，4-二甲基-2-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)-戊-3-醇、
4-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-2-甲基丙基]-2，6-二甲基吗啉、
2-(2，4-二氯苯基)-1-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基)己-2-醇、
O，O-二乙基O-2-喹喔啉基硫代磷酸酯、
O-(6-乙氧基-2-乙基-4-嘧啶基)O，O-二甲基硫代磷酸酯、
2-二乙氨基-5，6-二甲基嘧啶-4-基二甲基氨基甲酸酯、
4-(2，4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1，3-二甲基-5-吡唑基对甲苯磺酸酯、
4-氨基-6-(1，1-二甲基乙基)-3-甲硫基-1，2，4-三嗪-5(4H)-酮、
2-氯-N-[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1，3，5-三嗪-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-甲氧羰基-N-[(4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-甲氧羰基-N-[(4，6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-甲氧羰基-N-[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1，3，5-三嗪-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-乙氧羰基-N-[(4-氯-6-甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-(2-氯乙氧基)-N-[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1，3，5-三嗪-2-基)氨羰基]苯磺酰胺、
2-甲氧羰基-N-[(4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氨羰基]苯基甲磺酰胺、
2-甲氧羰基-N-[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1，3，5-三嗪-2-基)氨羰基]噻吩-3-磺酰胺、
4-乙氧羰基-N-[(4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氨羰基]-1-甲基吡唑-5-磺酰胺、
2-[4，5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑-2-基]-3-喹啉羧酸、
2-[4，5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑-2-基]-5-乙基-3-吡啶羧酸、
6-(4-异丙基-4-甲基-5-氧代咪唑啉-2-基)-间甲苯甲酸甲酯、
2-(4-异丙基-4-甲基-5-氧代咪唑啉-2-基)-对甲苯甲酸甲酯、
2-(4-异丙基-4-甲基-5-氧代咪唑啉-2-基)烟酸、
N-(4-氯苯基)甲基-N-环戊基-N′-苯基脲；
丙醛肟O-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙醚、
丙醛肟O-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)丙醚、
1-(4-乙基苯氧基)-6，7-环氧基-3，7-二甲基-2-辛烯、
N-[[[5-(4-溴苯基)-6-甲基-2-吡嗪基]氨基]羰基]-2，6-二氯苯甲醛、
N-[[[3，5-二氯-4-(1，1，2，2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]-2，6-二氟苯甲醛、
1-(2，6-二氟苯甲酰基)-3-[2-氟-4-(1，1，2，2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]脲、
1-(2，6-二氟苯甲酰基)-3-(2-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基)脲；和
5-(2-丙炔基)糠基2，2，3，3-四甲基环丙烷羧酸酯、
N-氰基-N′-甲基-N′-(6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基)乙脒。
在这些物质中，优选昆虫生长调节成分(昆虫保幼激素类似物(insect juvenoids)如十二碳二烯酸酯化合物、肟醚化合物、吡啶基醚化合物和氨基甲酸酯化合物，昆虫几丁质合成抑制化合物如苯甲酰基苯基脲化合物等)如噻嗪酮、定虫隆、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、烯虫酯、烯虫乙酯、吡丙醚、烯虫炔酯、ethoprene、除虫脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、虱螨脲、双苯氟脲、灭蝇胺、虫酰肼、环虫酰肼、甲氧虫酰肼、氯虫酰肼、丙醛肟O-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙醚、丙醛肟O-2-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)丙醚、1-(4-乙基苯氧基)-6，7-环氧基-3，7-二甲基-2-辛烯、N-[[[5-(4-溴苯基)-6-甲基-2-吡嗪基]氨基]羰基]-2，6-二氯苯甲醛、N-[[[3，5-二氯-4-(1，1，2，2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]-2，6-二氟苯甲醛、1-(2，6-二氟苯甲酰基)-3-[2-氟-4-(1，1，2，2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]脲、1-(2，6-二氟苯甲酰基)-3-(2-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基)脲等，尤其优选吡丙醚[＝4-苯氧基苯基2-(2-吡啶氧基)丙醚]。
在微胶囊中，油中的农药活性成分含量随着农药活性成分的种类、有机溶剂的种类等的不同而不同，通常为全部油的约5～90wt％、优选约10～60wt％，更优选约20～50wt％。本发明的农药组合物通常在被稀释后使用，例如用约1～10000倍重量份的水稀释，喷洒到植物或土壤上。
对于有机溶剂，优选疏水性有机溶剂，可列举例如芳族烃、脂族烃、芳族羧酸酯和脂族羧酸酯。
芳族烃的例子包括：烷基苯如甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯；烷基萘如甲基萘和二甲基萘；和二芳基烷烃如苯基二甲苯基乙烷。对于芳族烃，可以使用商购获得的溶剂。这类商购获得的溶剂的例子包括：商品名“Hisol SAS-296”(1-苯基-1-二甲苯基乙烷和1-苯基-1-乙基苯基乙烷的混合物，得自日本石油株式会社(Nippon Oil Corporation))、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT HP-MN”(甲基萘80％，得自日高石油化学株式会社(Nikko Petrochemicals Co.，Ltd.))、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENTHP-DMN”(二甲基萘80％，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT P-100”(具有9～10个碳的烷基苯，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT P-150”(烷基苯，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT P-180”(甲基萘和二甲基萘的混合物，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT P-200”(甲基萘和二甲基萘的混合物，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUS SOLVENT P-220”(甲基萘和二甲基萘的混合物，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“CACTUSSOLVENT PAD-1”(二甲基单异丙基萘，得自日高石油化学株式会社)、商品名“Solvesso100”(芳族烃，得自埃克森化学公司(Ex xonChemicalCompany))、商品名“Solvesso150”(芳族烃，得自埃克森化学公司)、商品名“Solvesso200”(芳族烃，得自埃克森化学公司)、商品名“Swasol100”(甲苯，得自丸善石油株式会社(Maruzen Petrochemical Co.，Ltd.))、和商品名“Swasol200”(二甲苯，得自丸善石油株式会社)。
对于脂族烃，可列举：例如直链脂族烃如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、2-乙基己烷、壬烷、癸烷、十二烷、十五烷、十六烷、十七碳烷、十八碳烷、十九碳烷和二十碳烷；环状脂族烃如环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和环己烷；和液体石蜡，其为上述物质的混合物。
对于芳族羧酸酯，可列举例如苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯和苯甲酸丙酯。
对于脂族羧酸酯，可列举己二酸二烷基酯如己二酸二丁酯和己二酸二辛酯。对于脂族羧酸酯，可以使用商购获得的溶剂。这类商购获得的溶剂的例子包括：商品名“VINYCIZER40”(己二酸二异丁酯，得自花王株式会社(Kao Corporation))和商品名“VINYCIZER50”(己二酸二异癸酯，得自花王株式会社)。
有机溶剂可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的形式使用。对于有机溶剂，从农药活性成分的溶解性和农药活性成分溶出到微胶囊外部的能力的观点来看，优选芳族烃和脂族羧酸酯(尤其是己二酸二烷基酯)的组合。在此情况下，芳族烃和脂族羧酸酯的比，例如前者/后者(重量比)＝约5/95～95/5，优选前者/后者(重量比)＝约30/70～90/10，更优选前者/后者(重量比)＝约50/50～85/15。
对于形成微胶囊膜的膜材料，例如可以使用热固性树脂如聚氨酯树脂、聚脲树脂、尿素甲醛树脂、三聚氰胺尿素树脂、苯酚甲醛树脂等。在本发明中，优选能通过在含农药活性成分的油(疏水液体)与水之间的界面处的界面聚合而形成膜的膜材料，尤其优选聚氨酯树脂或聚脲树脂。
聚氨酯树脂是通过多异氰酸酯化合物和多元醇化合物之间的反应而生成的树脂，而聚脲树脂是通过多异氰酸酯化合物和多胺化合物之间的反应而生成的树脂。多异氰酸酯化合物的例子包括己二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷的加合物、三分子的己二异氰酸酯的缩二脲缩合物、甲苯二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷的加合物、甲苯二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯缩合物、己二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯缩合物、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯缩合物、异氰酸酯预聚物(其中己二异氰酸酯的一个异氰酸酯部分与两分子的甲苯二异氰酸酯一起形成异氰脲酸酯结构，另一个异氰酸酯部分与两分子的己二异氰酸酯分子一起形成异氰脲酸酯主体)、4，4′-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)和三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，其中优选甲苯二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷的加合物、己二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷的加合物、三分子己二异氰酸酯的缩二脲缩合物、以及具有异氰脲酸酯结构的多价异氰酸酯(异氰尿酸酯型多价异氰酸酯)。
对于多元醇化合物，可列举例如具有约2～6个碳的烷撑二醇如乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇；和具有约3～10个碳的环烷撑二醇如环丙二醇。对于多胺化合物，可列举具有约2～10个碳的烷撑二胺如乙二胺和己二胺；和具有约4～12个碳的聚烷撑多胺如二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺。
微胶囊的平均粒度为例如1～50μm，优选10～40μm。微胶囊的平均粒度能通过激光型粒度分布仪来测量。微胶囊膜的膜厚度为例如5～50nm，优选10～40nm。
本发明的一个显著特征是，在农药组合物中包含至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分。
对于用于本发明中的聚甘油脂肪酸酯，可列举：例如聚甘油C12-22的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸酯如十甘油月桂酸酯、十甘油肉豆蔻酸酯、十甘油棕榈酸酯、十甘油硬脂酸酯、十甘油山萮酸酯、十甘油油酸酯、十甘油亚油酸酯、十甘油亚麻酸酯和十甘油芥酸酯。聚甘油脂肪酸酯中聚甘油的聚合度约为2～20。聚甘油脂肪酸酯可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的方式使用。
对于聚甘油脂肪酸酯，可使用商购获得的产品。可商购获得的聚甘油脂肪酸酯的具体例子包括：Ryoto(商标)聚甘油酯(polyglyester)系列(得自三菱化学食品株式会社(Mitsubishi-Kagaku Foods Corporation.)的商品名)：L-7D(聚甘油(10)月桂酸酯)、L-10D(聚甘油(10)月桂酸酯)、M-7D(聚甘油(10)肉豆蔻酸酯)、M-10D(聚甘油(10)肉豆蔻酸酯)、P-8D(聚甘油(10)棕榈酸酯)、SWA-10D(聚甘油(10)硬脂酸酯)、SWA-15D(聚甘油(10)硬脂酸酯)、SWA-20D(聚甘油(10)硬脂酸酯)、S-24D(聚甘油(10)硬脂酸酯)、S-28D(聚甘油(10)硬脂酸酯)、O-15D(聚甘油(10)油酸酯)、O-50D(聚甘油(10)油酸酯)、B-70D(聚甘油(10)山萮酸酯)、B-100D(聚甘油(10)山萮酸酯)、ER-60D(聚甘油(10)芥酸酯)、LOP-120DP(聚甘油混合脂肪酸酯)；和SY Glyster系列(得自阪本药品工业株式会社(Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co.Ltd.)的商品名)：MSW-7S(十甘油单硬脂酸酯)、MS-5S(六甘油单硬脂酸酯)、PS-3S(四甘油五硬脂酸酯)、PO-5S(六甘油五油酸酯)、ML-750(十甘油单月桂酸酯)。
对于蔗糖脂肪酸酯，可列举例如蔗糖C12-22饱和或不饱和脂肪酸酯如蔗糖月桂酸酯、蔗糖肉豆蔻酸酯、蔗糖棕榈酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、蔗糖油酸酯等。蔗糖脂肪酸酯可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的方式使用。
对于蔗糖脂肪酸酯，可使用商购获得的产品。商购获得的蔗糖脂肪酸酯的具体例子包括：Ryoto(商标)蔗糖酯系列(得自三菱化学食品株式会社的商品名)：S-270(蔗糖硬脂酸酯)、S-570(蔗糖硬脂酸酯)、S-1170(蔗糖硬脂酸酯)、S-1670(蔗糖硬脂酸酯)、P-1670(蔗糖棕榈酸酯)、M-1695(蔗糖肉豆蔻酸酯)、O-170(蔗糖油酸酯)、L-595(蔗糖月桂酸酯)、L-1695(蔗糖月桂酸酯)、B-370(蔗糖山萮酸酯)；DK酯系列(得自第一工业制药株式会社(Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co.，Ltd.)的商品名，蔗糖硬脂酸酯)：SS、F-160、F-140、F-110、F-90、F-70、F50、F-20W、F-10、S-L18A等。
对于烷基苯磺酸或其盐，可列举：例如C10-18烷基苯磺酸如癸基苯磺酸、十一烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、十三烷基苯磺酸和十四烷基苯磺酸；C10-18烷基苯磺酸的碱土金属盐如C10-18的烷基苯磺酸钙(例如，癸基苯磺酸钙、十一烷基苯磺酸钙、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、十三烷基苯磺酸钙、十四烷基苯磺酸钙等)；C10-18烷基苯磺酸的碱金属盐如C10-18烷基苯磺酸钠(例如，癸基苯磺酸钠、十一烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十四烷基苯磺酸钠等)；和C10-18的烷基苯磺酸的胺盐(如三乙醇胺盐)如十二烷基苯磺酸三乙醇胺。烷基苯磺酸或其盐包括支链烷基苯磺酸或其盐、和直链烷基苯磺酸或其盐。烷基苯磺酸或其盐可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的方式使用。
对于烷基苯磺酸或其盐，可使用商购获得的产品。对于商购获得的烷基苯磺酸或其盐，可列举例如Pionin系列(商品名，得自竹本油脂株式会社(Takemoto Oil & Fat Co.，Ltd.))：A-40-S(直链烷基苯磺酸)、A-40(支链烷基苯磺酸)、A-41-BN(支化烷基苯磺酸盐)、A-41-C(支化烷基苯磺酸盐)、A-41-B(支化烷基苯磺酸盐)；Lunox系列(商品名，得自东邦化学工业株式会社(Toho Chemical Industry Co.，Ltd.))：S-40TD(十二烷基苯磺酸三乙醇胺)、S-100(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)：Neogen系列(商品名，得自第一工业制药株式会社)：SC-F(直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、SC-A(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、R-K(支链十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、T-60(十二烷基苯磺酸三乙醇胺)等。
至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分的用量可根据农药活性成分的期望溶出速度或溶出量来选定。相对于微胶囊中的100重量份油来计，所述成分的总用量为例如约20～5000重量份，优选约50～2000重量份，更优选约100～1000重量份；相对于微胶囊中的100重量份农药活性成分来计，所述成分的总用量为例如约50～10000重量份，优选约100～5000重量份，更优选约250～2500重量份。通过调节所述成分的种类和用量，可控制微胶囊中农药活性成分的溶出速度或溶出量。
在本发明农药组合物中，农药活性成分和有机溶剂的含量典型地分别为约0.0001～0.03wt％和0.0002～0.06wt％。
在本发明的农药组合物中，膜物质的量典型地为约0.0009～0.01wt％。
另外，聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和/或烷基苯磺酸或其盐的含量，典型地为约0.01～1wt％。
对于本发明中的增稠剂，可列举：天然多糖如黄原胶、拉姆珊胶(rhamsan gum)、刺槐豆胶、角叉菜胶和韦兰胶(welan gum)；合成聚合物如聚丙烯酸钠；半合成多糖如羧甲基纤维素；矿物质超细粉如铝镁硅酸盐、绿土(smectite)、膨润土、锂蒙脱石和干法二氧化硅、氧化铝溶胶等。所述增稠剂可以单独使用或以两种或多种组合的形式使用。相对于微胶囊中的100重量份油来计，增稠剂的用量为例如约0.02～50重量份，优选约0.2～20重量份，更优选约0.5～10重量份。增稠剂在农药组合物中的含量典型地为约0.0009～0.0002wt％。增稠剂的添加提高了水性悬浮农药组合物的分散稳定性，并允许将组合物的粘度调节为适用于喷洒或类似操作的值。
在本发明农药组合物中，水的量通常为约99.9～99.998wt％。
在需要时，可向本发明的农药组合物中添加添加剂如防冻剂、防腐剂和增重剂。对于防冻剂，可列举例如醇类如丙二醇。对于增重剂，可列举水溶性盐如硫酸钠、以及水溶性肥料如尿素。
考虑到操作性能等，本发明农药组合物的粘度(B型粘度计，2号转子，6rpm，20℃)通常为50～2000mPa·s，优选100～1500mPa·s。
本发明的农药组合物能够通过如下方法来制备：将增稠剂和至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分包含在含微胶囊的微胶囊浆料中，其中在所述微胶囊中，包含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹。
可通过使用例如界面聚合来制备含微胶囊的微胶囊浆料，在所述微胶囊中含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹。下面对由聚氨酯树脂制成的微胶囊膜的情况进行解释。
将含农药活性成分、有机溶剂和多异氰酸酯化合物的疏水液体(下文中，称之为“油相”)与含分散剂和多元醇化合物的水溶液(下文中，称之为“水相”)进行混合，利用分散器进行分散，以制备分散体。然后，将生成的分散体进行加热并搅拌，以得到微胶囊浆料。
相对于整个油相来计，多异氰酸酯化合物的用量通常为约0.1～20wt％，优选约0.2～10wt％，更优选约0.5～5wt％。
油相中农药活性成分的浓度通常为约5～90wt％，优选约10～60wt％，更优选约20～50wt％。
对于用于水相中的分散剂，可列举例如水溶性聚合物，具体例子包括：天然多糖如阿拉伯胶；天然水溶性聚合物如明胶和胶原；水溶性半合成多糖如羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素；和水溶性合成聚合物如聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。在整个水相中，分散剂的用量为例如约0.05～30wt％，优选约0.5～20wt％。
相对于整个水相，多元醇化合物的用量通常为约2～30wt％，优选约5～25wt％，更优选约10～20wt％。多元醇化合物和多异氰酸酯化合物的比，以羟基和异氰酸酯基之间的比(下文中，用“OH/NCO”表示，摩尔比)来计，为例如OH/NCO＝1/1～5/1，优选OH/NCO＝1/1～2/1。
对分散器未作特殊限制，可以使用下列任何一种分散器：搅拌型分散器(螺旋桨搅拌器、高速旋转搅拌器、匀化器、Homomic LineFlow(商品名，一种连续式分散机)等)；固定式分散器如静止混合器、管线混合器；“BUNSANKUN”(商品名，富士金株式会社(FujikinIncorporated))等。可以将两种或多种分散器以这样的方式组合使用，例如使得在用搅拌型分散器混合和分散油相和水相以后，再用固定式分散器进一步分散。
加热分散体的温度典型地为40～90℃，优选60～80℃。加热时间为例如1～96小时，优选24～72小时。
当微胶囊膜由聚脲树脂制成时，通过如下来制备分散体：利用分散器对含农药活性成分、有机溶剂和多异氰酸酯化合物的疏水液体(油相)和含分散剂和多胺化合物盐的水溶液(水相)进行混合和分散，将所得分散体的液体性能调节至中性或弱碱性，然后加热并搅拌，以得到微胶囊浆料。在此情况下，相对于整个水相，多胺化合物的用量通常为约2～30wt％，优选约5～25wt％，更优选约10～20wt％。多胺化合物和多异氰酸酯化合物的比，以氨基和异氰酸酯基间的比(下文中，称之为“NH2/NCO”，摩尔比)来计，为例如NH2/NCO＝1/1～5/1，优选NH2/NCO＝1/1～2/1。其它条件与聚氨酯树脂情况中的那些条件相同。
对将增稠剂和至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分包含在由此得到的微胶囊浆料中的方法未作特殊限制，例如可通过如下方法得到本发明的农药组合物：将微胶囊浆料和含增稠剂和添加剂(在需要时添加)的增稠剂溶液进行混合，如需要就用水稀释，然后向该混合物中添加至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分，然后进一步混合。
本发明的农药组合物可直接用于普通的农药喷洒情形，或按每1重量份本发明农药组合物计为约1～10000倍的水或类似物稀释以后用于普通的农药喷洒情形。
使用植物喷雾器将本发明的农药组合物喷洒到例如待被农药活性成分保护的植物体、土壤等。植物喷雾器可以在加压下以雾状形式喷洒农药组合物或其稀释物，那些以背包方式、便携式方式、固定方式和运转方式使用的喷雾器，以及利用无人直升机使用的喷雾器是熟知的。本发明的农药组合物尤其适用于喷洒到植物体(叶、茎等)、土壤或其类似物。
接下来，将通过实施例和试验例来更加具体地描述本发明，但是不能将本发明限制于这些实施例。
实施例1
将90g的吡丙醚、100g“Hisol SAS-296”(商品名，1-苯基-1-二甲苯基乙烷和1-苯基-1-乙基苯基乙烷的混合物，得自日本石油株式会社)和50g“VINYCIZER40”(商品名，己二酸二异丁酯，得自花王株式会社)进行混合，并向其中添加2.4g“SUMIJULE N-3300”(商品名，异氰尿酸酯型多价异氰酸酯，得自苏米加拜耳聚氨脂有限公司(Sumika Bayer Urethane Co.，Ltd.))，以制备油相。
另一方面，将17.5g的阿拉伯胶、40g的乙二醇和344.4g的离子交换水进行混合以制备水相。
将油相和水相进行混合，使用“T.K.Autohomomixer)”(商品名，得自特殊机化工业株式会社(Tokusyukika Kogyo)的自动均匀混合器)的匀浆器将所得混合物于25℃下以约6100rpm分散5分钟。然后，将分散体于75℃下轻轻搅拌48小时，以得到微胶囊浆料。
然后，将由1.5g黄原胶、3g铝镁硅酸盐、50g丙二醇和295.1g离子交换水混合而制得的增稠剂溶液与上面的微胶囊胶料混合，以得到含9.0wt％吡丙醚的水性悬浮液。
用999g的离子交换水对1g水性悬浮液进行稀释以制备稀释液(在下文中，称之为稀释液(A))。向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Ryoto(商标)聚甘油酯L-7D”(商品名，十甘油月桂酸酯，得自三菱化学食品株式会社)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(在下文中，称之为农药组合物(1))。
实施例2
向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Ryoto(商标)聚甘油酯M-10D”(商品名，十甘油肉豆蔻酸酯，得自三菱化学食品株式会社)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(下文中，称之为“农药组合物(2)”)。
实施例3
向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Ryoto(商标)聚甘油酯SWA-10D”(商品名，十甘油硬脂酸酯，得自三菱化学食品株式会社)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(下文中，称之为“农药组合物(3)”)。
实施例4
向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Ryoto(商标)蔗糖酯P-1670”(商品名，蔗糖棕榈酸酯，得自三菱化学食品株式会社)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(下文中，称之为“农药组合物(4)”)。
实施例5
向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Ryoto(商标)蔗糖酯S-1170”(商品名，蔗糖硬脂酸酯，得自三菱化学食品株式会社)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(下文中，称之为“农药组合物(5)”)。
实施例6
向稀释液(A)中添加1g“Rhodacal(商标)70B”(商品名，支链十二烷基苯磺酸钾盐，得自Rhodia)，以得到本发明的水性悬浮农药组合物(下文中，称之为“农药组合物(6)”)。
比较例1
向稀释液(A)中添加1g十二烷基硫酸钠，以得到水性悬浮农药组合物(在下文中，称之为比较组合物(1))。
试验例
对于将被测试的组合物，将各自为5mL的农药组合物(1)～(6)、比较组合物(1)和稀释液(A)置于陪替氏培养皿(Petri Dish)上，在室温下进行干燥直至不再存在水分，然后用癸烷对陪替氏培养皿上存在于微胶囊外部的吡丙醚进行收集，并用气相色谱法(内标法)对吡丙醚的溶出量进行测定。
按照下面公式，通过与稀释液(A)在试验中的溶出量进行比较，从而确定溶出控制指数(elution control index)。结果示于表1中。
溶出控制指数＝(每种被测试组合物中的吡丙醚溶出量)/(稀释液(A)中的吡丙醚溶出量)×100
表1
| 被测试组合物 | 溶出控制指数 |
| 农药组合物(1) | 70 |
| 农药组合物(2) | 56 |
| 农药组合物(3) | 31 |
| 农药组合物(4) | 69 |
| 农药组合物(5) | 83 |
| 农药组合物(6) | 66 |
| 比较组合物(1) | 100 |
| 稀释液(A) | 100 |
Claims (4)
1.一种农药组合物，包括：
微胶囊，其中含农药活性成分和有机溶剂的油被由热固性树脂制成的膜包裹；
至少一种选自聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和烷基苯磺酸或其盐中的成分；
增稠剂；和水，
其中农药活性成分，有机溶剂，膜，聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯和/或烷基苯磺酸或其盐，增稠剂和水的含量分别为0.0001～0.03重量％，0.0002～0.06重量％，0.0009～0.01重量％，0.01～1重量％，0.0002～0.0009重量％和99.9～99.998重量％。
2.如权利要求1所述的农药组合物，其中所述热固性树脂为聚氨酯树脂或聚脲树脂。
3.如权利要求1所述的农药组合物，其中所述农药活性成分为昆虫生长调节活性成分。
4.如权利要求3所述的农药组合物，其中所述昆虫生长调节活性成分为4-苯氧基苯基2-(2-吡啶氧基)丙醚。
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| JP2007229644A JP5202909B2 (ja) | 2007-09-05 | 2007-09-05 | 水性懸濁状農薬組成物及びマイクロカプセル内農薬活性成分の溶出制御方法 |
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| JP5202910B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-05 | 2013-06-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水性懸濁状農薬組成物及びマイクロカプセル内農薬活性成分の溶出制御方法 |
| JP5439952B2 (ja) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-03-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | マイクロカプセルの製造方法 |
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| CN1383391A (zh) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-12-04 | Fmc有限公司 | 制备微囊化制剂的新方法 |
| CN1663373A (zh) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 昆虫生长调节组合物 |
| WO2007069461A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | マイクロカプセル化された農薬 |
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| JPS544282A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1979-01-12 | Norio Tanaka | Manufacture of microbe decomposable microcapsule |
| GB8827029D0 (en) * | 1988-11-18 | 1988-12-21 | Ici Plc | Insecticidal compositions |
| JP3285368B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-08 | 2002-05-27 | 有恒薬品工業株式会社 | 害虫駆除剤 |
| JP3567544B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 2004-09-22 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 農薬組成物およびその製造方法 |
| HU215572B (hu) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-01-28 | AGRO-CHEMIE Növényvédőszer Gyártó, Értékesítő és Forgalmazó Kft. | Mikrokapszulázott inszekticid készítmények, és eljárás azok előállítására |
| FR2746261B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-19 | 1998-05-07 | Virbac Sa | Composition insecticide et procede de preparation |
| JPH1025204A (ja) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-27 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | 種子消毒用農薬製剤 |
| JP3370610B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-21 | 2003-01-27 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 害虫防除剤 |
| GB0129976D0 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2002-02-06 | Mars Inc | Treatment method |
| JP4882313B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2012-02-22 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水性懸濁状組成物 |
| CN1739352A (zh) * | 2005-09-20 | 2006-03-01 | 云南大学 | 一种鱼藤酮微胶囊的悬浮液配方 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1383391A (zh) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-12-04 | Fmc有限公司 | 制备微囊化制剂的新方法 |
| CN1663373A (zh) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 昆虫生长调节组合物 |
| WO2007069461A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | マイクロカプセル化された農薬 |
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| TR200806591A2 (tr) | 2009-03-23 |
| FR2920273A1 (fr) | 2009-03-06 |
| GR20080100543A (el) | 2009-04-30 |
| ES2332640A1 (es) | 2010-02-09 |
| KR20090025151A (ko) | 2009-03-10 |
| IT1393651B1 (it) | 2012-05-08 |
| JP2009062291A (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
| ITMI20081572A1 (it) | 2009-03-06 |
| BRPI0804139B1 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
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| AU2008207691A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
| IL193880A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| BRPI0804139A2 (pt) | 2009-05-12 |
| JP5202909B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
| ES2332640B1 (es) | 2010-09-20 |
| GR1006833B (el) | 2010-07-05 |
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