CN101376794A - 由不同聚酰胺模制物料制成的模制品的接合 - Google Patents

由不同聚酰胺模制物料制成的模制品的接合 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101376794A
CN101376794A CNA2008101309676A CN200810130967A CN101376794A CN 101376794 A CN101376794 A CN 101376794A CN A2008101309676 A CNA2008101309676 A CN A2008101309676A CN 200810130967 A CN200810130967 A CN 200810130967A CN 101376794 A CN101376794 A CN 101376794A
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China
Prior art keywords
welding
molding compositions
weight
application
polymeric amide
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CNA2008101309676A
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CN101376794B (zh
Inventor
S·博尔曼
R·戈林
F·-E·鲍曼
A·道
V·希曼
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Evonik Degussa GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J5/121—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及由不同聚酰胺模制物料制成的模制品的接合。一种用于接合两个各自由PA11和/或PA12模塑物料制成的模制品的模塑化合物，其包含至少50重量％的聚酰胺组分，所述聚酰胺组分的选择使得其可以由直链脂族二胺和二羧酸和/或内酰胺或ω－氨基羧酸制备，在重复单元中每羧酰胺基存在11－12个碳原子，此外，该聚酰胺组分中还包含不超过80重量％的所述聚酰胺PA11和PA12中的任何一种。使用此化合物既可以获得向PA11模塑件的牢固焊接又可以获得向PA12模塑件的牢固焊接。

Description

由不同聚酰胺模制物料制成的模制品的接合
技术领域
本发明涉及连接两种模制品的方法，其中所述两种模制品中一种由PA11模塑物料组成，而另一种由PA12模塑物料组成。所述两种模制品为例如聚酰胺制成的供给管线或排出管线。
背景技术
目前为输送例如气体、油或盐类而具有提高的技术要求的管主要由PA11制造。其包括例如气体管线体系，工业管线(例如用于含化学物质的废水)和输油管线(海上管线)。若这些管受损之后必须加以修理或更换，或若供应网需要通过新的部件进行扩展，则要对端部或接头进行焊接。为此，可以通过众多塑料焊接技术来连接所述塑料模制品。高容量管特别地主要通过加热元件对焊、加热元件套管焊接或加热盘管焊接进行连接。
最近由于新处理技术的引入，PA12模塑物料由于对上述应用的突出适用性已经在这些应用中有了越来越多的使用。预期现有供应网必将需要扩展或修补。这些网络目前由PA11构成，使用由PA12构成的零件通过由PA11或PA12构成的所谓的配件进行扩展会遇到难题，因为由PA11和PA12制成的零件在焊接工艺中仅能以不足的强度连接。因此，如果需要重新连接、修复或更新聚酰胺管，则必须在注意聚酰胺种类的条件下才能进行。换句话说，PA11必须只与PA11一起铺设，PA12必须只与PA12一起铺设。这些状况的前提条件是，在施工现场这些前提要求是公知的且必须老老实实地遵守。因此存在材料错用的严重危险。除了材料错用的危险之外，另一个后果是增加的后勤贮存费用，因为现在必须既要贮存由PA11制成的连接件，同时还要贮存由PA12制成的连接件。
已知聚酰胺制造的模制体(例如管连接元件)与聚乙烯或聚丙烯制造的模制品(例如燃料箱)是通过用马来酸酐接枝的既能与PA11又能与PA12牢牢附着的聚烯烃(DE19535413C1)彼此连接到一起的。对于聚酰胺到聚酰胺的接头，此类连接并不适用，因为聚酰胺主要用于较高压力区，在其中由官能化的聚烯烃制造的连接元件由于机械性能不够所以不能使用。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种既适于接合PA11模制品也适于接合PA12模制品的模塑物料。
此目的可以通过使用一种用于接合两个各自由PA11和/或PA12模塑物料制成的模制品的模塑物料实现，所述模塑物料包含至少50重量％、优选至少60重量％、尤其优选至少70重量％、特别优选地至少80重量％和极特别优选地至少90重量％的聚酰胺组分，所述聚酰胺组分的选择要使得其可以由直链脂族二胺和二羧酸和/或内酰胺或ω-氨基羧酸制备，同时在重复单元中每羧酰胺基存在11-12个碳原子，且还需满足以下前提条件，即所述聚酰胺组分中包含不超过80重量％、优选地不超过75重量％、更优选地不超过70重量％且特别优选地不超过65重量％的所述聚酰胺PA11和PA12中的任何一种。所述聚酰胺组分优选地选自PA1012、PA1210、PA1212、PA814、PA1014、PA618、PA11和PA12。
具体实施方式
在第一个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1012与PA11。
在第二个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1012与PA12。
在第三个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1212与PA11。
在第四个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1212与PA12。
在第五个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1210与PA11。
在第六个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1210与PA12。
在第七个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA618与PA11。
在第八个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA814与PA11。
在第九个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA814与PA12。
在第十个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1014与PA11。
在第十一个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA1014与PA12。
在第十二个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为100:0-20:80、优选地100:0-25:75、更优选地100:0-30:70并特别优选地99.9:0.1-35:65的PA618与PA12。
在第十三个优选实施方案中，所述模塑物料中包含的聚酰胺是重量比为80:20-20:80、优选地75:25-25:75、更优选地30:70-30:70并特别优选地35:65-65:35的PA11与PA12。
第十四个优选实施方案是第一和第三个实施方案的组合，所述PA1012在此被重量比为99.9:0.1-0.1:99.9、优选地95:5-5:95且更优选地90:10-10:90的PA1012与PA1212的混合物替代。
第十五个优选实施方案是第二和第四个实施方案的组合，所述PA1012在此同样被重量比为99.9:0.1-0.1:99.9、优选地95:5-5:95且更优选地90:10-10:90的PA1012与PA1212的混合物替代。
第十六个优选实施方案源于第十三个实施方案，其中0.1-99.9重量％、优选地5-95重量％且更优选地10-90重量％的PA11和/或PA12被PA1012、PA1212、PA1210、PA814、PA1014和/或PA618替代。
这些以及更进一步的实施方案可以任意彼此组合。
PA11是通过ω-氨基十一酸的缩聚反应制备的，而PA12是通过月桂内酰胺的开环聚合获得的。两种聚合物都可以多种类型商购获得。PA1012通过1，10-癸二胺与1，12-十二烷二酸的当量混合物的缩聚反应制备，而PA1212由1，12-十二烷二胺与1，12-十二烷二酸以同样的方式获得。类似地，PA1210通过1，12-十二烷二胺与癸二酸的等摩尔混合物的缩聚反应制备，PA618通过已二胺与1，18-十八烷二酸的等摩尔混合物的缩聚反应制备。PA814相应地由辛二胺与1，14-十四烷二酸获得，PA1014由1，10-癸二胺与1，14-十四烷二酸获得。所述缩聚反应通常在熔体中进行。
所采用的模塑物料可以包含不超过约50重量％的添加剂，其选自抗冲改性橡胶和/或常规的辅剂和助剂。
用于聚酰胺模塑物料的抗冲改性橡胶是现有技术。它们包含来源于不饱和官能化合物的官能团，所述官能团或者通过共聚并入主链或者接枝到主链上。最常见的是用马来酸酐自由基接枝的EPM橡胶或EPDM橡胶。此外，乙烯、丙烯酸酯与马来酸酐的共聚物或三聚物，或乙烯与丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的共聚物或三聚物，以及酐官能化的、任选地经氢化的苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物也是常用的。这些橡胶也可以与非官能化的聚烯烃如全同聚丙烯一起使用，如EP-A-0683210中所述。
所述模塑物料可以进一步包含少量的为设定某种特性所需的辅剂和/或助剂。其例子有增塑剂，颜料或填料如炭黑、二氧化钛、硫化锌、硅酸盐或碳酸盐，处理助剂如蜡、硬脂酸锌或硬脂酸钙，阻燃剂如氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝或三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯，玻璃纤维，抗氧化剂，紫外线稳定剂，以及能赋予产品抗静电特性或导电性的添加剂如碳纤维、石墨纤丝、不锈钢纤维或导电炭黑。
在一个可能的实施方案中所述模塑物料包含1-25重量％、更优选地2-20重量％并特别优选地3-15重量％的增塑剂。增塑剂及其在聚酰胺中的应用是已知的。在
Figure A200810130967D0006140051QIETU
/Müller，Kunststoffadditive，C.Hanser Verlag，第二版，296页中可见对适用于聚酰胺的增塑剂的一般综述。
适合作增塑剂的典型化合物有，例如，在醇组分中具有2-20个C原子的对羟基苯甲酸的酯，或在胺组分中具有2-12个C原子的芳基磺酸的酰胺，优选地苯磺酸的酰胺。
适合的增塑剂包括对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸辛酯、对羟基苯甲酸异十六酯、N-(正辛基)甲苯磺酰胺、N-(正丁基)苯磺酰胺或N-(2-乙基己基)苯磺酰胺。
如权利要求所述的两种模制品的连接可以包括两个任何种类的模制品的连接，如任何种类的壳部件、管、管状工件、封头、阀和配件。
接合可借助于任意焊接工艺进行；例如加热元件对焊、加热元件套管焊接、加热盘管焊接、振动焊接、超声波焊接、激光焊接、各种热气焊接方法(热气鼓风焊接、热气拉焊、热气搭焊和热气挤出焊接)以及旋转焊接。通常，对于典型的焊接方法，采用由按权利要求所述的模塑物料制造的连接元件。此外，连接元件也可以就地成型，例如通过多组分注塑成型。
对于加热元件对焊，使用一或多个加热元件在接合面上对工件加热，并在施力条件下进行焊接，用或者不用焊接添加料。当接合面不与加热元件(辐射加热器)直接接触时，该技术称为间接加热元件对焊。
对于加热盘管焊接，借助于保留在焊接结合内的加热线圈在接合面处对工件进行加热。接合力是由工件的热膨胀产生的，或者是从外部施加的。
对于加热元件套管焊接，通过可加热的芯轴元件或套管在接合面处对工件进行加热，然后将其中一个工件插入另一个。所必需的接合力可以通过工件的压力配合进行施加。
对于热气焊接，使用热气体在接合面处对工件进行加热，并在施力条件下焊接，用或者不用焊接添加料。接合力可以手动或机械施加。
振动焊接是一种摩擦焊接技术，其中用于熔融和焊接待连接零件的能量是通过接合部件之间的振荡相对摩擦运动在足够高的摩擦压力下产生的。在磨擦运动中止之后，被摩擦热塑化的接合面对准并在规定压力下被彼此焊接在一起。
对于超声波焊接，纵向振动从焊机的超声焊极传送到待连接的零件上，在待连接的零件内产生驻波图案。在最大交变应变和交变应力区域中，塑料由于分子间摩擦的结果而熔融。
激光焊接可以以激光对接焊或激光透射焊接的方式进行。在工艺程序方面，激光对接焊与无接触加热元件焊接相同。对于激光透射焊接，焊接的是具有不同吸收特性的热塑性待焊零件。在焊接之前，使待连接零件发生接触；激光束穿过对其来说是透明的待焊零件并被另一通常用添加剂改性过的待焊零件吸收，接合区域被塑化。
对于旋转焊接(摩擦焊)，通过磨擦在接合面处对工件进行加热并在施力条件下焊接，用或者不用焊接添加料。热可以通过工件的彼此相对运动或通过摩擦元件产生。力通过手动或机械施加。
有关焊接技术的进一步信息，可以参考DIN 1910，第3部分。
在本发明的范围内，不仅可以通过连接元件(例如加热元件套管焊接中的套管接头或加热盘管焊接中的加热盘管套管)提供适合的接合连接，对于一些上述的焊接技术，特别是对于热气焊接，还可以通过由按权利要求所述的聚酰胺模塑物料制成的焊接添加料提供适合的接合连接。然后连接元件由所述焊接添加料就地产生。
有利的是如下进行多组分注塑成型，即通过将预成型的待接合零件放入模具中并通过注入连接元件模塑物料的熔体将其相互连结在一起，其中连接元件成型。一种适合方案变体为例如模座注塑成型(Die SlideInjection Moulding)。
所有这些接合技术对于本领域技术人员来说都是已知的，因此对它们的进一步详述将是多余的。
在以下实施例中，相互比较了不同聚酰胺组合的结合力。
为评价模塑物料的可能连接，通过加热元件对接焊进行焊接试验，因为加热元件对接焊是一种简单且普通的技术。这对于面板和管以及注射成型的生产线制品如热塑性塑料制成的壳和容器的接合来说非常重要。焊接试验按DVS 2207的规程进行。
首先，将待连接的板夹紧。将加热元件插入接合面之间，从而使接合面与加热元件直接接触。从加热元件进入待接合零件的热流导致焊接区熔融。此熔融，被称作加热阶段，由加压均衡工艺和不加压加热组成。
将移去加热元件和两个滑块移向一起直至待接合零件发生接触的时间称为转换时间。在此时间内，接合面暴露于环境温度并冷却。在接合时，熔体在接合压力下发生挤压流动。在此阶段，熔体流入焊缝(Wulst)。
对于这些测试，根据模塑物料的熔点的不同而改变不加压加热时间。这具体意味着在模制品被彼此接合之前，熔点较高的模制品比熔点较低的模制品被加热更长的时间。
通过在接合压力下冷却结束焊接。所述接合压力在整个冷却阶段都是恒定的。在冷却操作之后，移去所述零件。
垂直于所述接合面从板上切条。然后在快速拉伸试验中，按DVS2203的规程对所述条进行测试，并确定结合粘合力。
参照1:PA11/PA11组合；结合粘合力34MPa
参照2:PA12/PA12组合；结合粘合力35MPa
对比实施例1:PA11/PA12组合；结合粘合力9MPa
实施例1:PA11/PA1012组合；结合粘合力27MPa
实施例2:PA11/PA1212组合；结合粘合力30MPa
实施例3:PA12/PA1012组合；结合粘合力40MPa
实施例4:PA12/PA1212组合；结合粘合力36MPa
实施例5:PA11/PA1210组合；结合粘合力27MPa
实施例6:PA12/PA1210组合；结合粘合力32MPa
实施例7:PA11/PA618组合；结合粘合力24MPa
实施例8:PA12/PA618组合；结合粘合力31MPa
基于二元连接获得的这些结果完全适用于相应的三元连接。

Claims (6)

1.模塑物料在接合两种各自由PA11和/或PA12模塑物料制成的模制品中的应用，其中所述模塑料包含至少50重量％的聚酰胺组分，所述聚酰胺组分的选择要使得其可以由直链脂族二胺和二羧酸和/或内酰胺或ω-氨基羧酸制备，在重复单元中每羧酰胺基存在11-12个碳原子，此外，该聚酰胺组分中还包含不超过80重量％的所述聚酰胺PA11和PA12中的任何一种。
2.权利要求1的应用，特征在于所述聚酰胺组分选自PA1012、PA1210、PA1212、PA814、PA1014、PA618、PA11和PA12。
3.权利要求1或2的应用，特征在于所述接合通过焊接工艺进行。
4.权利要求3的应用，特征在于使用由用于接合的模塑物料制成的连接元件。
5.权利要求1或2的应用，特征在于所述接合通过多组分注塑成型进行。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任何一项获得的连接部件。
CN2008101309676A 2007-08-31 2008-08-29 由不同聚酰胺模制物料制成的模制品的接合 Expired - Fee Related CN101376794B (zh)

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CN104710776A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 上海微创医疗器械（集团）有限公司 医用尼龙复合管材及其制备方法

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JP2010537025A (ja) 2010-12-02
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KR20100049090A (ko) 2010-05-11
WO2009027231A1 (de) 2009-03-05
RU2493009C9 (ru) 2014-04-10
ATE493473T1 (de) 2011-01-15
RU2010112228A (ru) 2011-10-10
EP2183320A1 (de) 2010-05-12
DE102007041488A1 (de) 2009-03-05
US20110217559A1 (en) 2011-09-08
CN101376794B (zh) 2013-01-16
DE502008002173D1 (de) 2011-02-10
BRPI0816067A2 (pt) 2015-03-31
EP2183320B1 (de) 2010-12-29

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