CN101372041A - 用于对耐热超合金(hrsa)进行通常车削的涂层切削刀具 - Google Patents

用于对耐热超合金(hrsa)进行通常车削的涂层切削刀具 Download PDF

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CN101372041A
CN101372041A CNA2008101463486A CN200810146348A CN101372041A CN 101372041 A CN101372041 A CN 101372041A CN A2008101463486 A CNA2008101463486 A CN A2008101463486A CN 200810146348 A CN200810146348 A CN 200810146348A CN 101372041 A CN101372041 A CN 101372041A
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埃里克·森德斯特龙
拉奇德·埃姆萨乌毕
乔恩·安德森
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Abstract

本发明涉及在超合金的通常车削中特别有用的涂层硬质合金刀片。所述刀片的特征在于WC,5.0-7.0wt%的Co、0.22-0.43wt%的Cr的硬质合金的成分以及19-28kA/m的矫顽力(Hc)。涂层包括单个(TixAl1-x)N层,此处x介于0.25与0.50之间,该涂层具有NaCl型的晶体结构、介于3.0μm与5.0μm之间的总厚度、(200)织构以及介于2.5*10-3与5.0*10-3之间的压缩残余应变,可能跟着最外的TiN层。

Description

用于对耐热超合金(HRSA)进行通常车削的涂层切削刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由硬质合金基体和涂层组成的切削刀片,所述切削刀片对于耐热超合金的通常车削特别有用。与具有减小残余应变等级的厚PVD涂层结合的精细研磨基体大大改进了耐磨性。
背景技术
超合金是一个宽范围,包括镍基、铁基和钴基合金,特别为在高温下要求特殊机械和化学性能的应用而研制。这些合金的典型应用在航空发动机的高电位端和固定式涡轮机中。几乎每个为改进高温性能所进行的冶金学的变化都使得机械加工这些合金更加困难。
随着高温强度增加,合金在切削温度下变得更坚固和更坚硬。这导致在机械加工期间切削力的增加以及对刀刃的磨损的增加。
因为在切屑形成期间,更坚固的材料产生更多的热量,并且因为这些合金的热导率相对低,所以产生很高的切削温度,这也导致了对刀刃磨损的增加。
使问题更糟的是,当对合金进行热处理以修改铸造或溶液处理性能时,经常形成磨料碳化物析出或其它第二相颗粒。这些颗粒也导致了刀刃的快速磨损。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改进耐磨性的涂层硬质合金,用于在湿环境下对超合金进行通常机械加工。
如今已令人惊奇地发现涂覆使用物理汽相沉积生长的单个(Ti,Al)N层的具有较低Co含量和亚微米晶粒尺寸的WC的硬质合金大大改进了湿条件下的在超合金的通常机械加工中的生产率。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明的涂层硬质合金基体的断裂面,其中:
1.硬质合金体,以及
2.(Ti,Al)N的单层。
具体实施方式
根据本发明,现在提供了一种由基体和涂层组成的涂层切削刀片。该基体包括WC,5.0-7.0、优选5.5-6.5、最优选5.8-6.2wt%的Co,0.22-0.43、优选0.24-0.33、最优选0.26-0.29wt%(重量百分比)的Cr,具有19-28、优选21-27、优选22.5-26.5kA/m的矫顽力(Hc)。优选地,刀片在涂层以前的刀刃的半径介于15与30μm之间。
该涂层由(TixAl1-x)N的单层组成,此处x介于0.25与0.50之间,优选介于0.30与0.40之间,最优选介于0.33与0.35之间。(Ti,Al)N层的晶体结构是NaCl型的。涂层的总厚度介于3.0与5.0μm之间,优选介于3.5与4.5μm之间。该厚度是在后刀面的中间测量的。
该涂层在(200)方向中强烈织构化,具有介于1.6与2.1之间的织构系数TC(200)。
织构系数(TC)定义如下:
TC ( hkl ) = I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) [ 1 n Σ n = 1 n I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) ] - 1
此处
I(hkl)=(hkl)反射的强度
I0(hkl)=根据JCPDS卡片no 38-1420的标准强度
n=在计算中所使用的反射的数量
所使用的(hkl)反射是:(111)、(200)、(220)。
该涂层处于压缩残余应力状态中,具有介于2.5*10-3-5.0*10-3之间、优选介于3.0*10-3-4.0*10-3之间的应变。
在(Ti,Al)N的顶部可以沉积厚度介于0.1与0.5μm之间的TiN层。
本发明还涉及一种制造由基体和涂层组成的涂层切削刀片的方法。该基体通过传统的粉末冶金方法研磨、压制和烧结制造。它具有WC,5.0-7.0、优选5.5-6.5、最优选5.8-6.2wt%的Co,0.22-0.43、优选0.24-0.33、最优选0.26-0.29wt%的Cr的成分,具有19-28、优选21-27、最优选22.5-26.5kA/m的矫顽力(Hc)。
在涂层之前,通过湿喷砂对刀片进行刀刃打磨处理,以达到优选介于15与30μm之间的刀刃半径。
所使用的使层生长的方法基于合金或复合阴极在如下条件下的电弧蒸镀:Ti+Al阴极成分为25-50at%的Ti,优选30-40at%的Ti,最优选33-35at%(原子百分比)的Ti。
在涂层之前,优选通过应用软离子蚀刻对表面进行清洁。离子蚀刻在Ar气氛中或在Ar与H2的混合物气氛中执行。
根据阴极尺寸和阴极材料,蒸镀电流介于50A与200A之间。当使用直径为63mm的阴极时,蒸镀电流优选介于60A与100A之间。基体偏压介于-20V与-35V之间。沉积温度介于400℃与700℃之间,优选介于500℃与600℃之间。
(Ti,Al)N层在包含0-50、优选0-20vol%(体积百分比)的Ar的Ar+N2气氛中,在1.0Pa至7.0Pa、优选3.0Pa至5.5Pa的总压力下生长。
正如已知的那样,可在(Ti,Al)N层的顶部使用电弧蒸镀来沉积厚度介于0.1与0.5μm之间的TiN层。
本发明还涉及根据上文的刀片的用途,用于对诸如Inconel718、Inconel 625、Nimonic 81、Waspaloy或Ti6Al4V的超合金的湿加工,以20-75m/分钟的切削速度、0.2-2.5mm的切削深度以及0.05-0.30mm/转的进刀速度。
示例1
制备由基体和涂层组成的型号为CNMG120412-MR3和CNMG120408-MF1的硬质合金切削刀片。该基体通过研磨、压制和烧结制造。成分为5.9wt%的Co,0.27wt%的Cr,而其余的为WC。矫顽力为24.0kA/m,与平均晶粒尺寸大约为0.80μm的WC相对应。
对刀片进行湿喷砂,以达到25μm的刀刃半径。
使用直径为63mm的Ti0.34Al0.66阴极的电弧蒸镀来进行涂层生长。沉积在99.995%的纯N2气氛中、在4.5Pa的总压力下进行,使用-30V的基体偏压进行60分钟。沉积温度大约为530℃。在后刀面的中间,涂层的厚度为3.8μm。X射线衍射显示出了具有(TC)=1.8的强烈的(002)织构以及3.5*10-3的残余应变。
图1显示了刀片的断裂面。
示例2
在如下条件下对来自示例1的CNMG120412-MR3涂层刀片在纵向中等粗车中的耐磨性进行测试。
工件:               圆柱杆
材料:               Inconel 718
切削速度:           50m/分钟
进刀速度:           0.25mm/转
切削深度:           2.0mm
备注:               喷射冷却液
参考:               Seco CP200
结果
刀具寿命标准是以分钟表示的在50m/分钟的切削速度下出现0.2mm的后刀面磨损的切削的最大时间。在表1中可看到结果。
      表1
 
类别 切削时间[分钟]
本发明 8.50
Seco CP200 6.00
本测试显示根据本发明的刀片的刀具寿命比Seco CP200的长大约40%。
示例3
在如下条件下对来自示例1的CNMG120408-MF1涂层刀片在纵向精车中的耐磨性进行测试。
工件:              圆柱杆
材料:              Inconel 718
切削速度:          55、70m/分钟
进刀速度:          0.15mm/转
切削深度:          0.5mm
备注:              喷射冷却液
参考:           Seco CP200
结果
测量以分钟表示的0.2mm的后刀面磨损的时间。结果在表2中看到。
   表2
 
切削速度 55 70
本发明 - 7.00
Seco CP200 7.00 5.00
本测试显示与Seco CP200相比,根据本发明的刀片提高了40%的刀具寿命生产率。
示例4
在如下条件下对来自示例1的CNMG120412-MR3涂层刀片在中等粗镗孔操作中的刀具寿命进行测试。
工件:              专用部件
材料:              Inconel 718
切削速度:          37m/分钟
进刀速度:          0.20mm/转
切削深度:          3.2mm
备注:              喷射冷却液
参考:              竞争等级刀片
结果
所加工的参考等级刀片在7分40秒之后到达全部的刀具寿命。根据本发明的刀片在11分50秒之后到达全部的刀具寿命。
本测试显示根据本发明的刀片将刀具寿命提高高达50%。

Claims (7)

1.一种切削刀片,包括硬质合金体和涂层,在超合金的通常车削中特别有用,
其特征在于:WC,5.0-7.0wt%、优选5.5-6.5wt%的Co,0.22-0.43wt%、优选0.24-0.33wt%的Cr的硬质合金的成分以及19-28kA/m、优选21-27kA/m的矫顽力Hc,
以及一层(Ti1-xAlx)N的涂层,此处x介于0.25与0.50之间、优选介于0.30与0.40之间,所述涂层具有NaCl型的晶体结构以及在后刀面的中间测量到的、介于3.0μm与5.0μm之间、优选介于3.5μm与4.5μm之间的总厚度,并且
具有介于2.5*10-3与5.0*10-3之间、优选介于3.0*10-3与4.0*10-3之间的压缩残余应变,
并且具有介于1.6与2.1之间的织构系数TC(200),所述织构系数(TC)被定义为:
TC ( hkl ) = I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) [ 1 n Σ n = 1 n I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) ] - 1
此处
I(hkl)=(hkl)反射的强度
I0(hkl)=根据JCPDS卡片no 38-1420的标准强度
n=在计算中所使用的反射的数量
所使用的(hkl)反射是:(111)、(200)、(220)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其特征在于:厚度介于0.1μm与0.5μm之间的最外TiN层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的切削刀片,其特征在于:刀刃半径介于15μm与30μm之间。
4.一种用于制造切削刀片的方法,所述切削刀片包括硬质合金体和涂层,所述切削刀片在超合金的通常车削中特别有用,其特征在于以下步骤:通过传统的粉末冶金方法研磨、压制和烧结提供基体,所述基体具有WC,5.0-7.0wt%、优选5.5-6.5wt%的Co,0.22-0.43、优选0.24-0.33wt%的Cr的成分以及19-28kA/m、优选21-27kA/m的矫顽力Hc,并且沉积(TixAl1-x)N的单层,此处x介于0.25与0.50之间、优选介于0.30与0.40之间,所述涂层具有NaCl型的晶体结构以及在后刀面的中间测量到的介于3.0μm与5.0μm之间、优选在介于3.5μm与4.5μm之间的总厚度,并且
具有介于2.5*10-3与5.0*10-3之间、优选介于3.0*10-3与4.0*10-3之间的压缩残余应变,
并且具有介于1.6与2.1之间的织构系数TC(200),所述织构系数(TC)被定义为:
TC ( hkl ) = I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) [ 1 n Σ n = 1 n I ( hkl ) I 0 ( hkl ) ] - 1
此处
I(hkl)=(hkl)反射的强度
I0(hkl)=根据JCPDS卡片no 38-1420的标准强度
n=在计算中所使用的反射的数量
所使用的(hkl)反射是:(111)、(200)、(220),
使用合金化的或具有25-50at%的Ti、优选30-40at%的Ti的成分的Ti+Al复合阴极的电弧蒸镀,并且使用根据阴极尺寸和阴极材料的介于50A与200A之间的电流,基体偏压介于-20V与-35V之间,沉积温度介于400℃与700℃之间,并且在包含0-50vol%、优选0-20vol%的Ar的Ar+N2气氛中,在1.0Pa至7.0Pa的总压力下生长。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:使用电弧蒸镀来沉积厚度介于0.1μm与0.5μm之间的最外TiN层。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其特征在于:在涂层之前,通过湿喷砂对刀片进行刀刃打磨处理,以达到优选介于15μm与30μm之间的刀刃半径。
7.根据权利要求1到3的刀片的用途,用于对诸如Inconel 718、Inconel 625、Nimonic 81、Waspaloy或Ti6Al4V的超合金的通常加工,以20-75m/分钟的切削速度、0.2-2.5mm的切削深度以及0.05-0.30mm/转的进刀速度。
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