CN101370753A - 用于尿素基肥料的含n-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的添加剂 - Google Patents

用于尿素基肥料的含n-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的添加剂 Download PDF

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CN101370753A
CN101370753A CNA2007800030062A CN200780003006A CN101370753A CN 101370753 A CN101370753 A CN 101370753A CN A2007800030062 A CNA2007800030062 A CN A2007800030062A CN 200780003006 A CN200780003006 A CN 200780003006A CN 101370753 A CN101370753 A CN 101370753A
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CN101370753B (zh
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阿伦·R·萨顿
威利斯·索恩斯伯利
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    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
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    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于含水尿素基肥料的干燥、可流动的添加剂，由固态尿素甲醛聚合物(UFP)、N－正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和非强制性选择的双氰胺(DCD)制成，其中含有该添加剂的液体肥料能减少土壤氮素损失。非强制性选择地，该干燥添加剂还可与熔融的或固态尿素混合以形成能减少土壤氮素损失的固态尿素基肥料。

Description

用于尿素基肥料的含N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的添加剂
技术领域
本发明的技术领域为含尿素的肥料。更具体地说，本发明公开了一种干燥、可流动的添加剂，含有N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、固态尿素-甲醛聚合物(UFP)和非强制性选择的双氰胺(DCD)，其能与尿素基肥料组合使用来制备一种能减少土壤氮素损失的肥料。
背景技术
氮是一种重要的植物养分。除磷、钾和其他养分外，还需要氮来维持植物的生长和发育。某些植物——例如豆科作物——通过与根瘤菌的共生关系来使空气中的元素氮固定并将该氮固定在土壤中。尽管如此，大多数为生产人类和动物的食物而生长的植物需要使用氮肥来维持其农业生产。
最广泛使用并且在农业上很重要的高成分氮肥是尿素，即CO(NH2)2。尽管当前生产的大多数尿素以颗粒状形式作为肥料使用，但尿素基流体肥料也是公知的。这里使用的术语“流体肥料”包括液体肥料(即肥料的水溶液)以及悬浮液肥料(即除了水和水溶性成分外还含有通过悬浮剂(如粘土)而保持在悬浮液中的不溶性成分的肥料组合物)。悬浮液肥料是杀虫剂和微量元素成分的极好载体。
最广为人知的尿素基液体肥料是尿素和硝酸铵的水溶液，在肥料业中被称为UAN溶液。这些液体肥料被用于多种农作物，例如玉米和小麦。当施用于潮湿的土壤时，液体肥料的尿素成分由于脲酶——一种由多种真菌和细菌制造的酶——所催化的水解作用而变成氨源。该过程详细披露于美国第5,364,438号专利中，其内容以引证方式并入于此。不幸的是，由脲酶所催化的水解作用将尿素转化成氨的速度通常比其被土壤吸收的速度要快得多，导致不期望的氨损失，其通过被称为挥发的过程而散发到空气中。
脲酶抑制剂减缓了尿素至氨的转化速度，延长了氮素释放的时间。一种脲酶抑制剂为N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)。当被添加到尿素基肥料中时，NBPT降低了尿素水解成氨的速率。这使得氮养分在很长的一段时间内对土壤和植物来说是可用的。普遍认为NBPT是一种有效的脲酶抑制剂，但众所周知NBPT难于使用，这是因为工业级的NBPT是一种蜡状、粘稠、热敏性且水敏性的材料。因此，在美国第5,364,438号专利中公开了一种溶剂体系，其允许NBPT的溶液能应用于UAN。但是，这种溶液在稳定性上存在问题，并且在运送和称量至流体肥料时存在问题。
美国第5,352,265号专利公开了一种粒状肥料，包含约90～99％的尿素、0.02～0.5％的NBPT和约0～2.2％的DCD，其内容以引证方式并入于此。NBPT以酰胺溶剂的浓缩溶液形式被添加到熔融的尿素中。DCD以固体形式被添加到尿素熔体中。这种粒状产品被制成直接施用于农田作物。
本发明的干燥、可流动的添加剂是通过用NBPT在液体溶剂(优选酰胺溶剂)中的溶液或悬浮液包被固态尿素-甲醛聚合物(UFP)而制备的。非强制性选择地，经包被的UFP可与固态DCD混合。在将该肥料施用于农田作物之前，将该干燥、可流动的添加剂与UAN溶液或含水尿素混合以形成含尿素的流体肥料组合物，或者与固态或熔融的尿素混合以形成固态尿素基肥料。本发明提供了一种易于操作且存储稳定的流体或固态肥料组合物。
发明内容
除另有说明外，所有的百分比都以重量计。本发明是一种流体肥料组合物，包含UAN或尿素的水溶液、NBPT和非强制性选择的DCD。用于UAN或含水尿素的干燥、可流动的添加剂是通过用NBPT在液体溶剂中的溶液或悬浮液包被固态UFP而制备的。NBPT在该干燥添加剂中的量为约0.40～15.0％。固态UFP的量为约3.0～15.0％。非强制性选择地，可以40.0～95.0％的量将固态DCD与该经包被的UFP和约0～3％的二氧化硅混合。在施用UAN或尿素之前，以约0.4～2.5％添加剂的量将该干燥添加剂与含水UAN或尿素混合，以形成含尿素的流体肥料组合物。或者，还可将该干燥、可流动的添加剂添加到熔融的尿素或固态尿素中并造粒来提供干肥料。本发明的组合物可施用于农田作物，以将由于淋溶和硝态氮的脱氮作用而引起的表面包被的尿素中不期望的氨态氮损失和土壤中的氮素损失降至最低。
具体实施方式
在本发明说明书中通篇所使用的术语NBPT不仅仅指纯态的N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺，还指含有最多50％杂质的该材料的工业级或其他级产品。优选的NBPT的纯度至少为50％，最优选NBPT的纯度高于50％，在约51～90％的纯度范围内。NBPT在该干燥、可流动的添加剂中的量为约0.4～15.0％。
NBPT在酰胺溶剂(例如N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮)中的溶液或悬浮液可用来制备本发明的干燥、可流动的添加剂。该溶液或悬浮液含有约30％至约80％的NBPT，优选含有约50％至约75％的NBPT。NBPT溶液可通过将NBPT溶解或悬浮于从一组液体酰胺如N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮中选出的溶剂中来制备，或通过将N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮添加到NBPT制造体系而制造NBPT溶液来制备，而不是通过回收蜡状NBPT固体来制备。或者，在本发明中，可不使用额外溶剂，用熔融的NBPT来包被UFP。
本发明的固态UFP优选是带有约0.6％反应性羟甲基基团的聚甲基尿素树脂。其一次粒径为0.1～0.15μm，形成平均粒径为3.5～6.5μm的团聚体。优选的固态UFP以PERGOPAK 销售，其为Albemarle Corporation的商标。固态UFP在该干燥、可流动的添加剂中的量为约3～15％。最优选的固态UFP是PERGOPAK
Figure A200780003006D00082
产品或PERGOPAK 
Figure A200780003006D00083
的未精炼前体。
本发明中非强制性选择使用的DCD的优选粒径范围为约50～350μm。DCD在该干燥、可流动的添加剂中的量为约40～95％。在本发明的另一种实施方案中，该干燥、可流动的添加剂可含有约1.0～30.0％的固态UFP和约99.0～70.0％的DCD。
该组合物的余量主要由水构成，N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮也可少量存在。该组合物还可非强制性选择地含有悬浮剂如粘土，以及其他添加剂如除草剂、染料、NBPT稳定剂或微量元素成分。在该干燥、可流动的添加剂中，非强制性选择地存在有最多约3％的二氧化硅——一种流动剂。
未使用非强制性选择的DCD而制备的该干燥、可流动的添加剂含有约1～80％的NBPT和约99～20％的固态UFP。
相对于最终产品，以约0.1～5.0％添加剂的量将该干燥、可流动的添加剂添加到UAN溶液、含水尿素或者固态或熔融的尿素中。优选地，将该干燥、可流动的添加剂以约0.4～2.5％的量添加到流体UAN或尿素溶液或它们的混合物中，以形成流体肥料。本发明的尿素基流体肥料含有约0.004～1.50％的NBPT、约0.040～0.850％的DCD、约0.030～约0.30％的UFP和约99.9～98.0％的含水UAN。非强制性选择地，该肥料可含有最多约0.03％的二氧化硅。该含水UAN含有浓度范围为约15～50％的尿素和硝酸铵，优选的范围为约25～40％。
本发明的UAN基流体肥料组合物可应用于当前使用了UAN的所有农业应用。这些应用包括非常大范围的农作物和草类、耕地系统以及肥料堆置方法。
如下实施例用于说明本发明，而不以任何方式限制本发明或所要求保护的范围。
实施例
该实施例为实验室制备干燥、可流动的添加剂组合物。
将200克50％NBPT的N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮溶液添加到73.4克固态UFP(PERGOPAK 
Figure A200780003006D00091
)和0.5克蓝色染料(FD & C blue#1)中。将该混合物混合直至获得如蓝颜色的分布所指示的均匀混合液。将该混合物与1270克DCD混合，并进一步混合直至颜色均匀，形成干燥、可流动的添加剂。
表1
实施例1的组成
 
成分 质量(克) 成分％
50％NBPT溶液 200.0 12.95(6.47％NBPT)
固态UFP 73.4 4.75
蓝色染料 0.50 0.03
DCD 1270.0 82.27
总计 1543.9 100.0
将实施例1制备的干燥、可流动的添加剂与含水UAN混合以形成尿素基流体肥料，并使用本领域技术人员公知的测试挥发的测试方法来测试其作为氨挥发抑制剂的效力。对照组样品不含NBPT，相对于最终的流体UAN肥料组合物，本发明的三个样品的NBPT水平为0.013％、0.026％和0.051％。结果发现，与不含NBPT的流体UAN肥料(对照组)相比，NBPT的存在，特别是以0.026％和0.051％的水平存在，有效地减少了氨损失。

Claims (20)

1.一种流体肥料组合物，包含：
a.约1～80％的NBPT，和
b.约99～20％的固态UFP。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物，其中该组合物包含DCD。
3.一种用于含尿素流体肥料的干燥、可流动的添加剂，包含：
a.约0.40～15.0％的NBPT；
b.约40～95％的双氰胺；
c.约0～3％的二氧化硅；和
d.约3～15％的固态UFP。
4.权利要求3所述的添加剂，其中该添加剂与尿素水溶液混合以形成流体肥料。
5.权利要求3所述的添加剂，其中该添加剂与熔融的尿素混合以形成固态肥料。
6.一种流体肥料组合物，包含：
a.约0.004～1.5％的NBPT；
b.约0.040～0.85％的DCD；
c.约0～0.03％的二氧化硅；
d.约0.03～0.30％的固态UFP；和
e.约98.0～99.9％的UAN溶液或含水尿素或它们的混合物。
7.权利要求6所述的流体肥料，其中该含水尿素是UAN。
8.一种制备用于UAN基流体肥料的干燥、可流动的添加剂的方法，包括：
a.用NBPT包被固态UFP，其中该NBPT是熔融的或在悬浮液或溶液中；
b.添加DCD；并且
c.非强制性选择地添加二氧化硅；其中各成分的最终范围为：NBPT为约0.4～15％；DCD为约40～95％；二氧化硅为约0～3％；以及UFP为约3～15％。
9.权利要求8所述的方法，其中该添加剂与含水尿素混合，以提供具有如下组成的尿素基流体肥料：
a.约0.004～1.5％的NBPT；
b.约0.040～0.85％的DCD；
c.约0～0.03％的二氧化硅；
d.约0.03～0.30％的固态UFP；和
e.约98～99.5％的含水尿素。
10.权利要求9所述的方法，其中该含水尿素是UAN。
11.一种干燥、可流动的添加剂，包含：
a.约1.0～30％的固态UFP，和
b.约99.0～70％的DCD。
12.权利要求3所述的干燥、可流动的添加剂，其中该添加剂进一步与液体或固体粪肥、废料或复合肥料混合。
13.一种制备用于UAN基流体肥料的干燥、可流动的添加剂的方法，包括：
a.用NBPT包被固态UFP，其中该NBPT是熔融的或在悬浮液或溶液中；
b.将DCD与UFP混合；
c.将该UFP和NBPT与该UFP和DCD混合；并且
d.非强制性选择地添加二氧化硅；其中各成分的最终范围为：NBPT为约0.4～15％；DCD为约40～95％；二氧化硅为约0～3％；以及UFP为约3～15％。
14.权利要求3所述的添加剂，其中该NBPT的纯度为至少50％。
15.权利要求14所述的添加剂，其中该NBPT是酰胺溶剂的溶液或悬浮液。
16.权利要求3所述的添加剂，其中该UFP是聚甲基尿素树脂。
17.权利要求16所述的添加剂，其中该UFP是未精炼的聚甲基尿素树脂。
18.权利要求3所述的添加剂，其中该添加剂含有染料产品。
19.权利要求1所述的添加剂，其中该添加剂与尿素水溶液混合以形成流体肥料。
20.权利要求1所述的添加剂，其中该添加剂与熔融的尿素混合以形成固态肥料。
CN2007800030062A 2006-01-12 2007-01-12 用于尿素基肥料的含n-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的添加剂 Expired - Fee Related CN101370753B (zh)

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CN104812723A (zh) * 2012-08-15 2015-07-29 科氏农艺服务有限责任公司 基本上球形的粒子的改良组合物
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CN110002927A (zh) * 2013-08-23 2019-07-12 科氏农艺服务有限责任公司 脲和氮稳定剂组合物
CN104045465A (zh) * 2014-07-04 2014-09-17 上海艾拜克国际贸易有限公司 一种含有正丁基硫代磷酰三胺的溶液体系及其应用
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CN105906465A (zh) * 2015-02-24 2016-08-31 科氏农艺服务有限责任公司 具有氮稳定剂添加剂的颗粒状脲肥料
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CN110041141A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-07-23 湖北兴福电子材料有限公司 一种提升有机氮肥肥效的混合助剂

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