CN101370748A - 矿物聚合物复合材料及由其形成的结构物 - Google Patents

矿物聚合物复合材料及由其形成的结构物 Download PDF

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CN101370748A
CN101370748A CNA2006800156526A CN200680015652A CN101370748A CN 101370748 A CN101370748 A CN 101370748A CN A2006800156526 A CNA2006800156526 A CN A2006800156526A CN 200680015652 A CN200680015652 A CN 200680015652A CN 101370748 A CN101370748 A CN 101370748A
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mineral polymer
matrix material
geopolymer
thermal expansion
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G·H·比尔
L·R·平克尼
P·D·特珀谢
S·A·蒂切
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Corning Inc
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Abstract

公开了具有低热膨胀系数的矿物聚合物复合材料。由于它们的低热膨胀系数和高强度,这些材料用于高温应用。也公开了一种能够与陶瓷颗粒材料(诸如堇青石和熔凝硅石)相兼容的硼改性的水玻璃矿物聚合物复合材料。这种矿物聚合物复合材料可以挤出形成诸如蜂巢状整体制品、流量过滤器之类的结构物或者用作堵塞或成皮的接合剂,也可以在1100℃或低于1100℃烧制。这些结构和接合剂有高的生坯强度和烧制强度、低的热膨胀系数和好的耐酸性。与通常的以堇青石为基础的物体的生产方法相比,用本发明的材料制造物体的成本由于显著缩短了烧制时间而大大降低。

Description

矿物聚合物复合材料及由其形成的结构物
发明领域
本发明涉及低热膨胀系数矿物聚合物(geopolymer)复合材料及其所形成的制品。本发明的材料可用于诸如柴油机微粒过滤器、催化转化器、NOx吸附剂、催化剂载体、蜂巢整体制品和用于高温流体的流量过滤器主体之类的高温物体的制造以及其它的高温应用。具体地,公开了一种诸如堇青石、硅石、其它低CTE材料或它们与一种矿物聚合物组合的复合材料之类的磨细的低热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料微粒。这种矿物聚合物通常由诸如偏高岭土之类的活化粘土与碱性的硅酸盐水溶液反应形成,可以通过加入氧化硼来改性以提供一种具有高生坯强度和烧制强度以及烧制时可减少破裂的低CET材料。本发明的材料可以挤出并且不经预焙烧就使用或在相对低温(700—1100℃)下烧制以提高耐酸性并抑制在热循环过程中的碎裂。该材料也可以用作接合剂堵塞用在柴油机微粒过滤器上的蜂巢状整体制品的通道、以及用作这种柴油机微粒过滤器表面的涂料。
发明背景
与汽油引擎相比,柴油引擎排放更少而燃料更经济;然而,柴油机废气排放造成对环境和健康的危害。柴油机微粒过滤器控制来自诸如卡车、公共汽车柴油机电动机车和发电机之类的柴油机动力装置的微粒的排放。堇青石因其成本相对低廉是制造柴油机微粒过滤器和其它诸如催化转化器、NOx吸附剂基材、催化剂基材、蜂巢状整体制品和流量过滤器主体之类的高温物体的优选材料。以堇青石为基础的复合材料还具有低热膨胀系数,这使零件能承受高温和变化的温度。
柴油机微粒过滤器通过在其结构中以物理方式捕获煤烟微粒而控制柴油机微粒的排放。壁流整体制品诸如堇青石过滤器使废气流经多孔陶瓷壁,同时在壁的上游侧捕获任何微粒。这种过滤器可通过自动再生进行清洗,在自动再生过程中排出的气体温度高到足以点燃所有微粒并由此降低柴油机微粒过滤器的背压。上游壁的表面可能含有一种具有铂(Pt)、铁(Fe)、锶(Sr)或稀土元素(诸如铈(Ce))的催化剂清洗涂层,用于降低过滤器自动再生所需的温度。
堇青石(Mg2Al4Si5O18)是一种用于制造高温元件的优选材料,是一种通常铁或其它杂质的含量少的硅酸铝镁盐。堇青石陶瓷具有低热膨胀系数(CTE)、高强度并能抵抗热冲击。通常通过混合包括云母、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、高岭土和硅石在内的原料批料来制造堇青石材料。然后在其中掺入诸如甲基纤维素的黏合剂和诸如硬脂酸钠的润滑剂以形成一种塑性混合物,可以将这种混合物制成生坯,然后烧结。受让人是,康宁公司的美国专利第6864198号(通过引用全文结合于此)公开了一种形成堇青石蜂巢状结构的方法。美国专利第6864198声称“对生坯继续干燥,然后在足够高的温度下以足够长的时间烧制来形成最终产品结构。烧制最好在加热到最高温度约1405℃至1415℃时间为50至300小时下进行。”
美国专利第4349386号、4472199号和5342595号描述了矿物聚合物材料,这三个专利通过引用全文结合于此。所描述的矿物聚合物是具有可在低温或环境温度下合成的框架结构的类陶瓷材料。矿物聚合物通常是由“活性的”偏高岭石和硅石的混合物在高碱性条件下聚合和凝固产生的无机材料。这些专利中公开的矿物聚合物材料建议用于诸如建材和热绝缘体的产品。也已经研究了矿物聚合物材料在粘磨产品中的应用和在中等水平的原子能工业废料与有毒废物的固定中的应用。
美国专利第5244726号(通过引用全文结合于此)公开了一种基于碱金属硅酸盐的基体,它包括无机微粒、有机微粒、或无机和有机微粒的混合物,这种基体是在环境温度下通过活化一种水性的、含有带气泡的胶体的基体形成硅酸盐中的硅酸盐、微粒、飘尘、表面活性剂和一种降低pH的缓冲剂来生产。'726号专利认为微粒的含量应当在30%至40%之间(体积百分比),特别提到了诸如用于起泡沫的聚苯乙烯珠和用于加强复合材料的钙硅石之类的微粒。
发明概述
本发明涉及含有低热膨胀系数的材料的矿物聚合物复合材料,适合用于各种应用,诸如在内燃机高温废气处理中的应用。具体地,公开了一种诸如堇青石、硅石、以及其它低CTE陶瓷材料和它们与矿物聚合物组合的低膨胀无机复合材料。
优选对本发明的矿物聚合物材料进行化学改性,以使该材料与堇青石和/或熔凝硅石以及其它低CTE陶瓷材料相兼容从而使材料易于在1100℃或1100℃以下的温度烧制。对于这些应用,微粒的含量优选在50—97重量%之间,最好是大于70%。本发明的材料可挤压形成蜂巢状整体制品或可用作堵漏或成皮的粘合剂。本发明的材料也可以用任何标准的陶瓷加工技术制作形成各种各样的结构。这种材料在使用时可不经预烧、可预烧至300℃、或在较低温度下(700℃—1100℃)烧制以提供抗酸性和抑制在收缩过程中的破裂。结构和接合剂的生坯强度和烧制强度都高、热膨胀系数低、且耐酸性好。与常规的生产方法相比,由于大量缩短了烧制时间,用本发明材料制造物体的成本大大降低。
本发明的矿物聚合物复合材料较佳地包含堇青石、硅石、或堇青石/硅石的混合物。在本发明中也可使用其它的低CTE材料。本发明中所用的磨细的堇青石和透明硅石(vitreous silica)以及其它低CTE陶瓷材料可以通过碾碎来自其它制造过程的废弃材料来生产。
本发明的矿物聚合物复合材料表现出的热膨胀系数较佳地等于或者低于从带有来自矿物聚合物的硅酸铝钾玻璃残留物的堇青石和/或熔凝硅石预计的算术平均值,由此使这种材料对于需要良好热冲击抵抗性的应用颇有价值。
附图简述
图1是依照本发明一个实施例的流量过滤器的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了的一个根据本发明的蜂巢状结构10形成的流量过滤器。这个蜂巢状结构10是由一个具有进口端12、出口端14和多个在进口端12和出口端14间平行延伸的通道18组成。在进口端12和出口端14上布置有一组交替模式的塞子(未示出)以便使废气流过通道18的多孔壁。可以以任意通道密度形成蜂巢状结构10,通常的密度是每平方英寸200—300个通道。出于本申请的目的,规定术语“蜂巢”包括具有总体上呈蜂巢结构的材料,但并不严格地限制于六边形结构,例如也可以使用诸如三角形、正方形、长方形或者其它合适的通道形状。
结构10也可由多孔陶瓷材料形成,通常具有两个主要相:一个由陶瓷微粒材料产生的晶体或透明相(crystalline or vitreous phase),和一个矿物聚合物形成的类玻璃相(glassy phase)。也可以有低含量的硅酸盐或氧化物相如尖晶石(MgAl2O4)和多铝红柱石(Si2Al6O13)存在。未烧制的复合材料优选在300℃熟化以防止后续吸水。复合材料烧制至800℃以上以提高强度、抗刮擦性和耐久性则更好。
优选用于本发明的矿物聚合物包括以硅酸铝为基础的聚(硅—氧—铝酸根(silico-oxo-aluminate))或(-Si-O-Al-O-)n矿物聚合物。矿物聚合(geopolymerization)由聚硅酸(SiO2)n和硅酸铝钾或硅酸铝钠在一种碱性介质中的矿物合成(geosynthesis)产生。活化的高岭土与碱性硅酸盐水溶液的反应通常被用于产生矿物聚合。硅铝盐(sialate)(Si-O-Al-O-)作为交联或成网的成分,可以在水溶液中用硼酸(H3BO3)或氧化硼(B2O3)改性。
这种矿物聚合物可以是表现出矿物合成性、化学稳定性和受控收缩性的任何合适的碱性硅酸铝材料。合适的反应物包括诸如硅酸钠或硅酸钾之类的水玻璃和铝粘土。Kasil-1是一种硅酸钾水溶液,可从PQ Corporation购买,地址是宾西法尼亚州(美国)的Berwyn,在这种溶液中含有约29.1重量%的固体,固体中包括8.3重量%的K2O和20.8重量%的SiO2。可以通过以硅胶的形式加入硅以提高硅含量或加入KOH以减少硅含量的方式来对该溶液改性。一种合适的硅胶是Ludox,可从马里兰州哥伦比亚市的Grace Davison公司购买。氧化硼或硼酸(H3BO3)可加入到该溶液中。可以加入活化的硅酸铝粘土如偏高岭土(Al2O3.2SiO2)与碱性硅酸盐反应以启动矿物聚合物的形成。活化的硅酸铝粘土也提供了氧化铝并用于控制(Na+K)/Al的原子比率。约1:1的(Na+K)/Al原子比率是合适的。活化的或煅烧的高岭土,诸如可从Dry Branch Kaolin公司(地址佐治亚州(美国)Dry Branch)购买的Glomax LL,是一种合适的粘土。活化的高岭土通常是通过在约800℃预烧含水的高岭土而形成的,预烧驱除结构水分而不把高岭土转化为多铝红柱石。
活化的粘土与水化的碱性硅酸盐(以及硼酸或氧化硼反应,当硼酸或氧化硼存在时)在低温下反应产生一种即使在环境温度下也能粘合到微粒装填物上的改性的矿物聚合物接合剂。
加入到矿物聚合物中的微粒填料可以是任何具有合适CTE的材料。优选的材料包括诸如研细的堇青石、研细的透明硅石、硅胶、β—锂霞石(LiAlSiO4)、β—锂辉石(LiAlSi2O6)之类的陶瓷微粒、和β—石英和β—锂辉石或主要由这些相组成的玻璃陶瓷之类的合适的固溶体。任何具有适当的CTE、化学耐久性和/或抗热冲击性的微粒都可以使用。
堇青石(2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2)或堇青石瓷是一种通过将云母、粘土和氧化铝的混合物熔融而产生的硅酸铝镁。堇青石和堇青石矿石前体也被叫做硅铝酸镁(2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2)、印度石和堇青石。堇青石具有低热膨胀系数和高机械强度。堇青石也具有优良的抗热冲击性。烧结的堇青石体可承受从70℃升至1800℃的温度、随后又快速用室温空气淬火。
堇青石因其良好的电绝缘性而通常制作成绝缘体和衬底,而其低CTE和抗热冲击性使其通常加工成流量过滤器的主体。这些产品的很大比例都会在制造过程中被敲碎。这种碎屑可以碾磨成任意合适的颗粒大小。用碎屑重新碾磨的堇青石的热膨胀系数约为14×10-7/℃。碾磨的或微粒状的透明硅石因其低CTE(约为5×10-7/℃)也是理想的添加物。一种合适的市售材料是Tecosil,可从美国宾夕法尼亚州King of Prussia地方的C-E Minerals公司购买。
在矿物聚合物中加入一种微粒形成一种复合材料的混和物,它最好具有50至97重量%的微粒和约3重量%至50重量%的矿物聚合物,并加入液体从而提供一种具有所需性质的湿的混合物。其它的添加物可以包括硼和加工助剂如润滑剂和有机黏合剂如甲基纤维素。这种矿物聚合复合物是无定形的,其硅含量可以有很大的变化,从约(K,Na)(1+x)Al(1-x/3)SiO4.mH2O+pB2O3至(K,Na)(1+x)Al(1-x/3)Si12O26.mH2O+pB2O3,其中m和n是从0—1000的变量并由制作技术和烧制的条件决定,p(从0—40)是所需的氧化硼的含量。矿物聚合物中水的含量是可变的并由烧制处理来决定。例如,矿物聚合物在约1000℃以上烧制,则蒸发了存在的所有或几乎所有水分,m和n趋向于0。在稀的矿物聚合物溶液中,这种溶液提供了在一个表面(诸如陶瓷蜂巢状整体制品的表面)上涂上一层薄的矿物聚合物所需要的流动条件,m和n可能是1000或更高。氧化硼的含量(p)也可以在一个广泛的范围内变化,它决定于在高温下所需的矿物聚合物的粘度。加入B2O3可降低矿物聚合物基体或类玻璃相的粘度从而控制烧结、收缩和破裂的程度。限制p的上限,因为矿物聚合物中高含量的B2O3容易降低耐化学性。
以下阐述的是一种提供均匀混合且易于操作的湿混合物的制备方法,也可以使用形成湿混合物的其它常规方法。例如,将碾细的堇青石、硅石或其它微粒、活化粘土的初步干混合物和任意的黏合剂混合约3分钟。在水中加入硅胶和氧化硼或硼酸并加热至氧化硼或硼酸溶解并均匀地混合。然后把水化氧化硅(及可任选的硼酸)加入到一种准备好的水玻璃溶液(诸如Kasil硅酸钾溶液)中形成一种液体混合物。然后把这种液体混合物加入到干的混合物中混合以形成一种湿的混合物。然后,湿混合物中活化的粘土和碱性硅酸溶液发生反应形成矿物聚合物糊料或浆料,水量控制着湿混合物的粘度。
可通过任何已知的技术将湿的混合物形成制品,这些技术包括刮涂、喷涂、带铸、压延、涂抹或挤出。这种湿的混合物也可用于涂在蜂窝状陶瓷制品的表面和销塞上,也可被挤出形成蜂巢状整体制品。这些制品可以在低于200℃的温度进行干燥制品然后在700℃至1200℃之间(800—1000℃一般是最佳的)烧制以获得更好的强度和耐化学性。烧至接近800℃的温度产生一种CTE低于30×10-7/℃(25—800℃)的坚牢的耐用的复合材料。烧至1100℃甚至产生更高的强度,烧至1200℃可能不熔化并具有受控收缩性。
虽然公开了形成矿物聚合物复合材料的代表性组成,但是也可使用任何数量的水化碱性硅酸盐(具有Al2O3/SiO2或(Na2O+K2O)/SiO2比例各不相同)、而且矿物聚合物配方对堇青石和/或熔凝硅石的比例也可不同,氧化硼或硼酸添加物的含量也可变化。堇青石是Mg2Al4Si5O18,也可使用具有堇青石结构的其它固溶体。低膨胀的微粒不限于堇青石或熔凝硅石,尽管作为再生材料其价格便宜,也可使用其它的微粒,诸如β—锂霞石(LiAlSiO4)、β—锂辉石(LiAlSi2O6)之类的颗粒,以及诸如β—石英s.s和β—锂辉石s.s的玻璃陶瓷。
在总体描述了本发明后,参照下面说明的特定具体实施例可获得对本发明的进一步理解,提供这些实施例仅仅是出于说明的目的,无意于包罗万象或加以限制,除非另外指定。
实施例
表1显示了适合在本发明中使用的多种配料成分混合物(100%的矿物聚合物和100%的堇青石成份包括在其中作为参考)。每一种配料混合物都按以上讨论的方法制备。矿物聚合物类型栏显示了K2O:Al2O3:SiO2的比例,例如,1—1—12代表KAlSi6O14而1—1—6代表KAlSi3O8。矿物聚合物的重量百分比是从矿物聚合物成分的总合,即Kasil+Glomax LL+Ludox计算出来的,因此含有一些水。
表1:配料材料(以干配料的重量百分比计)
Figure A200680015652D00111
实施例1:
组成4,是含90重量%堇青石用10重量%硅铝酸钾矿物聚合物粘合、并加入5重量%的B2O3(合整个配料的百分比)改性的陶瓷,按如下方法制备:将2.07g Glomax LL、186.4g堇青石和1g CMC(AqualonR Cellulose Gum)黏合剂混合3分钟;向100g水中加入8.27g Ludox和10.36g氧化硼(B2O3),加热至氧化硼溶解,然后加入到干的混合物中并进行混合;在混合后的配料中加入10.34g的Kasil-1并完全混合形成一种溶液。然后将这个溶液中加入到干的配料中并充分混合以形成一种矿物聚合物粘合的湿的混合物。该配料经干燥并加热至800℃时产生一种成分为约94.7重量%堇青石和5.3重量%的硼铝硅酸钾玻璃的干的组合物(假设无堇青石分解)。实施例1的CTE为约17.5×10-7/℃(25至800℃)。
实施例2:
组成10,是含90重量%透明硅石用10重量%硅铝酸钾矿物聚合物粘合、并用多余3重量%的B2O3添加物改性的陶瓷,按如下方法制备:以与实施例1中所述相同的方式制备、混合和烧制559.2g粉碎的透明硅石、31g Kasil-1、6.28g Glomax LL、24.8g Ludox和18.66g氧化硼。经干燥并加热至800℃,该配料产生一种含约92.8重量%硅石和7.2重量%的硼铝硅酸钾玻璃(假设加热时无硅石微粒分解)的干的组合物。实施例2的CTE为约11×10-7/℃(25至800℃)。
实施例3:
组成9,是含80重量%透明硅石、10重量%堇青石用10重量%硅铝酸钾矿物聚合物粘合、并用多余3重量%的B2O3添加物改性的陶瓷,按如下方法制备:以与实施例1中所述相同的方式制备、混合和烧制31g Kasil-1、6.28gGlomax LL、24.8g Ludox、18.66g氧化硼、503.24g的熔凝硅石和55.92g碾细的堇青石。经干燥并加热至800℃,该配料产生一种含约83.6重量%硅石,9.2重量%堇青石(假设无堇青石分解)、和7.2重量%的硼铝硅酸钾矿物聚合物玻璃(假设无硅石或堇青石微粒分解)的干的组合物。实施例3的CTE约为10.0×10-7/℃(25至800℃)。
实施例4:
组成7,是含67.5重量%堇青石、22.5重量%透明硅石用10重量%硅铝酸钾矿物聚合物粘合、并用3重量%的B2O3添加物改性的陶瓷,它按如下方法制备:以与实施例1中所述相同的方式制备、混合和烧制31g Kasil-1、6.28gGlomax LL、24.8g Ludox、18.66g氧化硼、419.36g碾细的堇青石、139.8g研细的Tecosil透明硅石。经干燥和加热,例4得到一种含约69.3重量%堇青石、23.1重量%硅石、和7.3重量%硼铝硅酸盐矿物聚合物玻璃(假设加热时无硅石或堇青石微粒分解)的干的组合物。实施例4的CTE约为14.5×10-7/℃(RT-800℃)。
实施例5:
组成6,是含96重量%堇青石用4重量%硅铝酸钾(1-1-6)矿物聚合物粘合的陶瓷,按如下方法制备:以与实施例1中所述相同的方式制备、混合和烧制26.7g Kasil 6、8.26g Glomax LL、1.6g Cabosil和877.44g碾细的堇青石。经干燥和加热,实施例5得到一种含约97.8重量%堇青石、2.2重量%硅铝酸盐玻璃(假设加热时无堇青石分解)的干的组合物。
实施例6:
组成1,是含50重量%堇青石用50重量%硅铝酸钾(1-1-6)矿物聚合物粘合的陶瓷,它按如下方法制备:以与实施例1中所述相同的方式制备、混合和烧制106.8g Kasil 6、33.04g Glomax LL、6.4g Cabosil和146.24g碾细的堇青石。经干燥和加热,实施例6得到一种含约64.6重量%堇青石、35.4重量%硅铝酸盐玻璃(假设加热时无堇青石分解)的干的组合物。实施例6的CTE约为28.9×10-7/℃(RT-800℃)。
在下表2中列出了表1中以堇青石为基础的材料的复合物经压制、干燥和烧制后的物理性质,包括CTE(在800℃加热)、孔隙度、孔隙大小、破裂系数(MOR)和收缩性。烧制温度和时间显示为“℃—Hrs”。没有测定的性质显示为“nm”。
表2:以堇青石为基础的复合材料:物理性质
 
组成(实施例#) 烧制(℃-Hrs)       CTE(x10-7) 孔隙度% 孔隙大小(μm) MOR(psi) 收缩(μm)
矿物聚合物1-1-6      800-4 70.6 16.75 5.0 275225652487 nm
1 1000-4 28.9 30 18.7 11541174 nm
2 500-4 19.4 nm nm nm nm
2 1000-4 18.5 41 2.9 971101112922896 0.63
2 1100-4 21.9 40 4.0 290835123616 2.283   
2 1200-4 19.3 38 5.1 317663444473 4.646   
3 1000-4 18.6 nm nm 174816831859 nm
3 1100-4 19.3 nm nm 558555735155 nm
4 1200-4 15.9 41 5.0 368027302909 1.575   
4 1300-4 15.7 39 4.4 590347695410 3.858   
5 1000-4 14.7 nm nm 319641480462 nm
6 1100-4 nm nm nm nm nm
11 1400-4 14.3 23 5.2 40374890 nm
11 1300-4 13.7 46 4.6 173116462235 nm
在下表3中列出了具有B2O3添加物的堇青石和堇青石/硅石材料的复合材料经压制、干燥和烧制后的物理性质,包括CTE(在800℃加热)和破裂系数(MOR)。烧制温度和时间显示为“℃—Hrs”。这些复合材料含有经氧化硼(B2O3)改性的矿物聚合物,当用作成皮(skinning)接合剂时,它们在1000℃烧制时具有足够的流动性从而能很好的烧结而不会破裂。B2O3的百分数计算为超出全部配料(即堇青石+透明硅石+矿物聚合物(Kasil+Glomax+Ludox))之外的质量百分数。组成8的MOR读数是5个单独测试的平均值。
表3:添加了B2O3的以堇青石/硅石为基础的复合材料:物理性质。
 
组成基础 B2O3(重量%) 烧制(℃/Hrs) CTEmax(x10-7)室温—800℃ MOR(psi)
5 1% 800/4 15 456572425
5 1% 900/4 17 825106010241237
5 1% 1000/4 17 1812144016211864
5 1% 1100/4 18 197719001738
7 5% 700/4 13 91710321049
7 5% 1000/4 20 24472551322022552467
7 4% 1000/4 15 1672265625492839
7 3% 800/2 13 7741521701560 
7 3% 900/4 13 190017192081
7 2% 900/4 16 16331748
7 2% 1000/4 20 135022122619
8 3% 1100/4 12 1308
9 3% 1100/4 10 1090
10 3% 1000/4 11 920
表4显示了含90重量%固体和10重量10%矿物聚合物的成皮接合剂样品,其中有一些矿物聚合物中添加了B2O3,测试了它们在涂布和催化中的表现。
表4:涂料样品:物理性质
 
组成基础 B2O3(重量%) 烧制(℃/Hrs) CTE(x10-7) MOR(psi)
5 0% 1000/4 14.7 463
5 1% 900/4 n/a 1037
5 1% 1000/4 17.8 1702
5 1% 1100/4 18 4871
5 3% 850/4 10 890
5 5% 1100/4 21 2374
表5显示了1—1—12矿物聚合物材料在烧至1000℃除去水份并转化为玻璃后的组成计算结果。该计算假设无微粒分解。在表5中列出了由添加到初始的90—10堇青石—矿物聚合物(1—1—12K2O:Al2O3:SiO2=KAlSi6O14)中的B2O3所引起的玻璃组成的变化和玻璃的百分数(假设无堇青石分解)。
表5:因添加B2O3引起的经烧制—干燥的复合材料组成7号中玻璃的计算值(超出微粒+矿物聚合物之外的重量百分比)
 
1% B2O3 2% B2O3 3% B2O3 5% B2O3
SiO2 62.9 52.5 45.0 35.0
B2O3 19.9 33.2 42.7 55.5
Al2O3 8.9 7.4 6.3 4.9
K2O 8.3 6.9 5.9 4.6
复合材料中玻璃的重量百分数(计算值)       5.28 6.27 7.23 9.11
表6显示了在假设无K2O或B2O3进入微粒相的情况下,根据体系中氧化物的物质平衡,对组成7(上述)的玻璃成分的六次测试的归一化平均值。所有的百分数都是对复合材料的总质量而言。
表6:对具有不同水平B2O3的复合材料组成物7#中玻璃的微探针分析和由此所得的微粒分解物的计算值
以上对具体实施例的描述揭示了本发明的一般性质,其他人通过应用本领域的知识(包括本申请引用的文献的内容)不需进行不合理的试验就能容易地改变和/或调整这些具体的实施例以进行各种适用,而不会脱离本发明的一般概念。因此,根据本文提出的教导和指引,这种适用和修改落在已公开的实施例对效方案的含义和范围之内。应该理解本申请的措词和术语是用于进行描述而非限制,因此本申请的术语和措词要按照本申请给出的教导和指引,结合本领域普通技术人员的知识来解释。

Claims (20)

1.一种矿物聚合物复合材料,其包括:
至少约2重量%的矿物聚合物;和
少于约98重量%的微粒状陶瓷填料;
所述复合材料在25-800℃的温度范围内的热膨胀平均线性系数不超过30×10-7/℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中所述矿物聚合物材料的通式为(K,Na)(1+x)Al(1-x/3)SiO4·mH2O+pB2O3至(K,Na)AlSi12O26·nH2O,其中m和n在0至1000之间,p在0至40之间,x在-0.1至0.1之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中所述微粒状陶瓷填料选自下组:堇青石、透明硅石、β—锂霞石、β—锂辉石、β—石英s.s、β—锂辉石s.s、沸石、NZP矿石、磷酸锆钠、磷酸锆钙、磷酸锆锶、磷酸锆钡及其组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中所述矿物聚合物包含一种硼改性的碱性硅铝酸盐无定形相。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合材料,其中所述矿物聚合物材料的通式为(K,Na)(1+x)Al(1-x/3)SiOmH2O+pB2O3至(K,Na)AlSi12O26·nH2O+pB2O3,其中m和n在0至1000之间,p在0至40之间,x在-0.2至0.2之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中所述在25-800℃的温度范围内热膨胀平均线性系数不超过25×10-7/℃。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合材料,其中所述在25-800℃的温度范围内热膨胀平均线性系数不超过18×10-7/℃。
8.一种由复合材料形成的复合材料制品,其包含:
微粒状陶瓷填料;和
矿物聚合物粘合剂,所述矿物聚合物粘合剂构成所述材料的至少2重量%,
其中所述制品在25-800℃温度范围内的热膨胀平均线性系数不超过30×10-7/℃。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合材料制品,其中所述微粒状陶瓷填料选自下组:堇青石、硅石、β—锂霞石、β—锂辉石、β—石英s.s、β—锂辉石s.s、和它们的组合。
10.如权利要求8所述的复合材料制品,其中所述矿物聚合物粘合剂包含一种硼改性的碱性硅铝酸盐无定形相。
11.如权利要求8所述的复合材料制品,其中所述矿物聚合物粘合剂选自下组:硼改性的硅铝酸盐、硅铝酸钾和硅铝酸钠、及它们的组合。
12.如权利要求8所述的复合材料制品,其中所述制品是一种具有外皮层的结构物,所述外皮层包含:
至少约2重量%的矿物聚合物;和
少于约98重量%的微粒状陶瓷填料。
13.如权利要求8所述的复合材料制品,其中所述制品是一种流量过滤器的主体,它包括:
具有多个流体进入通道和流体流出通道的陶瓷蜂巢状结构。
14.如权利要求13所述的复合材料制品,其中至少一些所述流体进入通道和流体流出通道具有销塞,所述销塞由一种包含以下成份的复合材料形成:
至少约2重量%的矿物聚合物;和
少于约98重量%的微粒状陶瓷填料。
15.一种矿物聚合物材料,在经烧制而失去水分后,它包含:
30—85重量%的SiO2
1-60重量%的B2O3
0-30重量%的Al2O3
0-20重量%的K2O+Na2O。
16.如权利要求15所述的矿物聚合物材料,其中所述矿物聚合物粘合剂通过在烧制时溶解最多30重量%的微粒状材料来改性。
17.如权利要求15所述的矿物聚合物材料,其中所述Al2O3在所述材料经烧制而失去水分后含量为约3—20重量%。
18.如权利要求15所述的矿物聚合物材料,其中所述K2O+Na2O在所述材料经烧制而失去水分后含量为约2—20重量%。
19.如权利要求15所述的矿物聚合物材料,其中所述B2O3在所述材料经烧制而失去水分后含量为20—55重量%。
20.如权利要求15所述的矿物聚合物材料,还包含0—5重量%的MgO。
CNA2006800156526A 2005-05-09 2006-05-02 矿物聚合物复合材料及由其形成的结构物 Pending CN101370748A (zh)

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