CN101368521A - 灵活燃料可变增压的带增压器的发动机 - Google Patents

灵活燃料可变增压的带增压器的发动机 Download PDF

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CN101368521A
CN101368521A CNA2008101449830A CN200810144983A CN101368521A CN 101368521 A CN101368521 A CN 101368521A CN A2008101449830 A CNA2008101449830 A CN A2008101449830A CN 200810144983 A CN200810144983 A CN 200810144983A CN 101368521 A CN101368521 A CN 101368521A
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pressurized machine
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CN101368521B (zh
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K·-J·吴
J·C·埃姆斯利
J·J·张
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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Abstract

本发明涉及灵活燃料可变增压的带增压器的发动机，具体而言本发明提供一种灵活燃料、火花点火式、可变增压、带增压器的内燃机。可变速度驱动组件将发动机输出连接到增压器。发动机包括燃料传感器，所述燃料传感器提供信号给发动机控制器，所述发动机控制器确定燃料类型。发动机控制器也从空气质量流量传感器、歧管空气压力传感器、曲轴角度传感器、凸轮轴角度传感器、位于排气气流中的氧气传感器和变速器控制器接收信号。发动机控制器提供控制信号给点火模块、燃料喷射系统、电子节气门控制件、增压器驱动控制器和变速器控制器。

Description

灵活燃料可变增压的带增压器的发动机
相关申请的交叉引用
[0001]本申请要求于2007年8月17日提交的美国临时申请No.60/956,528的优先权。上述申请的内容通过参考并入本文。
技术领域
[0002]本发明涉及灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机，且更具体地涉及具有可变增压的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机。
背景技术
[0003]该部分的陈述仅提供与本公开有关的背景信息，且可能构成或不构成现有技术。
[0004]内燃机，尤其是用于载客车和轻型载货汽车应用中的结构，已经成为广泛而深入的发展的主题。这种尝试的多个最新结果之一包括将内燃机操作为灵活燃料发动机，即依靠多种燃料而操作的发动机，通常为汽油和E85(85％乙醇(酒精)和15％汽油的混合物)。虽然站在燃料消耗和外国石油依靠性的更大问题的立场上，灵活燃料发动机当前具有一定的优势，但是还有一些操作问题，这也是许多当代研究和发展的主题。
[0005]例如，当在全开节气门或全载荷条件下时，基于乙醇或E85操作的火花点火式内燃机比基于汽油操作的相同发动机具有更好的耐爆震性。由于发动机必须基于多种燃料操作的性质，基于乙醇的操作通常被折衷。因而，改进基于乙醇操作的灵活燃料发动机的性能和效率是重要的目标，且本发明涉及该目标。
发明内容
[0006]本发明提供一种灵活燃料、火花点火式、可变增压、带增压器的内燃机。可变速度驱动组件将发动机输出连接到增压器。所述可变速度驱动组件可以为无级设备或有级(即，双速)设备。进气歧管也包括增压器旁路，所述增压器旁路将增压器上游的空气导管选择性地连接到增压器下游的进气增压室。
[0007]发动机包括燃料传感器，所述燃料传感器提供信号给主发动机控制器，所述主发动机控制器确定燃料类型。主发动机控制器也从空气质量流量传感器、歧管空气压力传感器、曲轴角度传感器、凸轮轴角度传感器、位于排气气流中的氧气传感器和变速器控制器接收信号。主发动机控制器提供控制信号给点火模块、燃料喷射系统、电子节气门控制件、增压器驱动控制器和变速器控制器。
[0008]当内燃机被供应汽油燃料时，增压器的操作总体上将一定程度地受限制。实际上，在低载荷和速度条件下，希望脱开增压器以防止任何歧管增压。
[0009]当发动机控制器感测到发动机被供应乙醇、E85或其它乙醇/汽油混合物燃料时，该信息与其它信号结合用于设定目标增压。实际歧管压力或表示增压器速度的信号可以用作增压器速度控制的反馈信号。每种燃料的最大增压器增压水平作为发动机速度的函数存储在发动机控制器中的存储器中。如果希望的发动机转矩足够高，增压器速度和增压通过调节可变速度驱动组件而增加，以将发动机的容积效率提升到更好地匹配燃料辛烷值特性的水平。
[0010]因而，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于机动车辆中的灵活燃料、火花点火式、可变增压、带增压器的内燃机。
[0011]进一步的目的、优势和应用范围从在此提供的说明显而易见。应当理解，说明和具体示例仅为图示说明的目的，且不限定本公开的范围。
附图说明
[0012]本文所述的附图仅仅是图示说明的目的，而不是以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
[0013]图1是根据本发明的灵活燃料、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件的第一实施例的示意图；和
[0014]图2是根据本发明的灵活燃料、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件的另一实施例的一部分的放大示意图。
具体实施方式
[0015]下面的描述实质上仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制本公开、应用或使用。
[0016]参见图1，示出了根据本发明的灵活燃料、火花点火式、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件的第一实施例且总体上以附图标记10表示。灵活燃料内燃机组件10包括内燃机12，内燃机12通常具有4、6或8个活塞和汽缸、以及曲轴或输出轴14，曲轴或输出轴14直接驱动多速变速器16(通常为自动的)，变速器16继而驱动最终传动装置(未示出)。点火系统18与内燃机12操作地相关联，且通过主发动机控制器20控制。主发动机控制器20也提供数据给并控制变速器控制器22、燃料喷射系统24、电子节气门控制件26和增压器驱动控制器28。燃料喷射系统24可以为进气口喷射型或直喷(缸内)型。
[0017]主发动机控制器20也从以下设备接收多个数据信号：凸轮轴角度传感器32、排气(氧气)传感器34、曲轴角度传感器36、燃料传感器38、歧管空气压力(MAP)传感器42和空气质量流量(MAF)传感器44。空气质量流量传感器44位于节气门组件48上游的空气进口导管46中。增压器50位于节气门组件48的下游，增压器50借助于适当的带轮54和带56或其他机械连接件从内燃机12的曲轴或输出轴14通过可变速度驱动组件52驱动。可替换地，能量可以通过电动机(未示出)或发动机12和电动机的组合提供给增压器50。
[0018]可变速度驱动组件52可以为无级类型或提供有级的或双速操作：直接驱动和固定速度增大。因而，它可以包括电动或液压控制的CVT或行星齿轮型驱动组件。在任何情况下，典型的最大速度比增大将处于1.0到2.5至1.0到4.0的量级，但是较低的最小(速度增加)比和/或较高的最大(速度增加)比可能是某些应用规定的。增压器50的进口(吸入)侧连接到空气进口导管46，增压器50的出口(压力)侧连接到进气歧管58，歧管空气压力传感器42位于进气歧管58中。
[0019]燃料管线62中的燃料供应给燃料传感器38和燃料喷射系统24，且这样的燃料和来自进气歧管58的空气供应给内燃机12。紧固到发动机12的排气歧管64包含排气传感器34，且将排气引导到排气系统(未示出)。
[0020]现在参见图2，示出了根据本发明的灵活燃料、火花点火式、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件的另一实施例的局部图且总体上以附图标记100表示。在灵活燃料、火花点火式、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件100的该另一实施例中，旁通导管102从节气门组件48下游的空气进口导管46部分延伸，且在节气门组件48下游的空气进口导管46部分和进气歧管58之间连通。二位旁通阀或完全可调节旁通阀104由主发动机控制器20(图1所示)控制，并控制旁通增压器50的空气数量。旁通阀104与双速可变速度驱动组件52结合控制空气流量尤其有用。主空气导管106在增压器50的输出和进气歧管58之间连通。最后，增压器速度传感器108可用于提供关于增压器50的轴(未示出)的速度的数据或信号给主发动机控制器20。应当理解，在图1示出但未在图2中示出的灵活燃料、火花点火式、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件10的第一实施例的部件仍然是在图2所示的另一实施例100中包括且采用的部件，且它们与图1所示的部件作用相同。
[0021]现在参见图1和2，现在将描述根据本发明的灵活燃料、火花点火式、带增压器的可变增压内燃机组件10和100的操作。燃料在燃料管线62中供应给燃料传感器38，燃料传感器38提供数据或信号给主发动机控制器20，从该数据或信号可确定哪种燃料或燃料混合物当前供应给内燃机组件10。可替换地，主发动机控制器20可包含软件算法，所述软件算法基于所感测的发动机和操作条件确定燃料或混合物类型。如果确定燃料为汽油，增压器50的操作将通常限制为至多高载荷高速度操作。汽油的最大增压作为发动机速度的函数存储在主发动机控制器20中的存储器中。在用汽油的许多应用中，可采用并打开旁通阀104，增压器50的操作可停用以避免任何歧管增压。
[0022]如果燃料传感器38感测或提供表示乙醇的存在和相对比例的数据，主发动机控制器20结合其它数据信号设定目标增压。可采用由歧管空气压力传感器42所感测的歧管压力或来自增压器速度传感器108的信号作为反馈信号，以控制增压器50的速度和因而进气歧管58中的压力。每种燃料类型或燃料混合物的最大许可增压作为发动机速度的函数存储在主发动机控制器20中的存储器中。
[0023]当燃料中存在乙醇且发动机12的希望转矩足够高时，增压器50的速度将通过控制可变速度驱动组件52从与汽油相关的速度升高，以增大传送给进气歧管58的空气压力，从而将发动机12的容积效率提升到更好地匹配燃料辛烷值特性的水平。从2.5bar到3.0bar范围内的绝对歧管压力(增压)适于包含乙醇的燃料和许多操作条件，但是应当理解，该范围仅为示范性的，且各种操作条件和参数以及不同性能目标将通常扩宽该范围。此外，由点火系统18所控制的火花正时和由燃料喷射系统24所控制的燃料喷射脉冲持续时间(均在主发动机控制器20的控制之下)，对额外的空气流量和燃料类型相应地调节。最后，主发动机控制器20将通常产生指令给变速器控制器22，以调节自动变速器16的换档点排定表和变矩器(未示出)的锁定排定表，从而优化车辆性能和燃料经济性。
[0024]本发明的前述描述实质上仅仅是示意性的，不脱离本发明的要点的变型也在本发明的范围内。这种变型并不认为是偏离了本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，结合地包括：
内燃机，所述内燃机具有进气歧管和输出轴，
增压器，所述增压器具有输入轴和提供给所述进气歧管的输出，
可变速度驱动组件，所述可变速度驱动组件可操作地布置在所述输出轴和所述输入轴之间，
多个传感器，所述多个传感器至少包括燃料传感器和空气质量流量传感器，
主发动机控制器，所述主发动机控制器具有用于从所述多个传感器接收数据的多个输入和用于控制所述可变速度驱动组件的至少一个输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可变速度驱动组件包括可调节的速度增大部分和控制部分，所述控制部分用于接收所述主发动机控制器的所述至少一个输出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述多个传感器还包括歧管空气压力传感器和氧气传感器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述多个传感器还包括曲轴角度传感器和凸轮轴角度传感器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括自动变速器和连接到所述主发动机控制器的变速器控制器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括连接到所述主发动机控制器的燃料喷射系统和点火系统。
7.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可变速度驱动组件是双速或无级类型之一。
8.一种灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，结合地包括：
内燃机，所述内燃机具有进气歧管和输出轴，
增压器，所述增压器具有输入轴和提供给所述进气歧管的输出，
可调节驱动组件，所述可调节驱动组件可操作地布置在所述输出轴和所述输入轴之间，
火花点火系统，
多个传感器，所述多个传感器至少包括燃料传感器、空气质量流量传感器和曲轴角度传感器，
主发动机控制器，所述主发动机控制器具有用于从所述多个传感器接收数据的输入和用于控制所述可调节驱动组件和所述火花点火系统的输出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可调节驱动组件包括速度增大部分和控制部分，所述控制部分用于接收所述主发动机控制器的所述输出之一。
10.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述多个传感器还包括歧管空气压力传感器和氧气传感器。
11.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述多个传感器还包括凸轮轴角度传感器。
12.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括自动变速器和连接到所述主发动机控制器的变速器控制器。
13.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括连接到所述主发动机控制器的燃料喷射系统。
14.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可调节驱动组件是双速或无级类型之一。
15.根据权利要求8所述的灵活燃料火花点火式带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括电子节气门控制件，其中，所述主发动机控制器包括连接到所述电子节气门控制件的输出。
16.一种灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，结合地包括：
内燃机，所述内燃机具有进气歧管、燃料喷射系统和输出轴，
增压器，所述增压器具有输入轴和提供给所述进气歧管的输出，
可变速度驱动组件，所述可变速度驱动组件可操作地布置在所述输出轴和所述输入轴之间，
多个传感器，所述多个传感器至少包括燃料传感器和空气质量流量传感器，
主发动机控制器，所述主发动机控制器具有用于从所述传感器接收数据的输入和用于控制所述可变速度驱动组件和所述燃料喷射系统的输出。
17.根据权利要求16所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可变速度驱动组件提供两个可选择的速度比。
18.根据权利要求16所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，所述可变速度驱动组件包括无级变速器。
19.根据权利要求16所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括自动变速器和连接到所述主发动机控制器的变速器控制器。
20.根据权利要求16所述的灵活燃料带增压器的内燃机组件，其特征在于，还包括歧管空气压力传感器、氧气传感器和曲轴角度传感器。
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