CN101366396A - Facilities vegetable farm nematocide and its use method - Google Patents
Facilities vegetable farm nematocide and its use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101366396A CN101366396A CNA2007100124729A CN200710012472A CN101366396A CN 101366396 A CN101366396 A CN 101366396A CN A2007100124729 A CNA2007100124729 A CN A2007100124729A CN 200710012472 A CN200710012472 A CN 200710012472A CN 101366396 A CN101366396 A CN 101366396A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil disinfector, in particular to a facility vegetable field eelworm killing agent and an application method thereof to solve the problem of preventing and controlling the root knot nematode. The eelworm killing agent comprises the components in weight percentage: 10 to 20 percent of calcium cyanamide and 80 to 90 percent of organic material. The calcium cyanamide and the organic material are mixed and stirred evenly and mechanically to prepare the eelworm killing agent. The organic material is nutshell powder, sawdust or crop straw. The application method comprises the following steps: the vegetable field is cleaned in summer with high temperature and good sunlight, the eelworm killing agent is broadcasted, the subsoiling and the ridge forming processes are performed, a film is covered, and the irrigation is performed; and after the vegetable field is sealed for 14 to 21 days, the film is disclosed, the soil is plowed, and the vegetable field is air-cured for 5 to 7 days. The facility vegetable field eelworm killing agent and the application method thereof can be applied to prevent and control vegetable root knot nematode for more than 30 vegetable crops such as facility vegetable field cucumber, tomato, kidney bean, melon and celery, have simple technique, sufficient raw materials and low price, and prevent and control the vegetable root knot nematode by more than 70 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil disinfectant, be specially a kind of facilities vegetable farm nematocide and using method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the rapid expansion of facilities vegetable area, the vegetables that economic worths such as cucumber, tomato are high are planted year after year, cause the root knot nematode disease expansion to spread.Root knot nematode disease 30 various vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, Kidney bean, muskmelon, celery that mainly cause harm, wherein cucumber, tomato, celery are injured heavier.Generally being injured to cause vegetables underproduction 10-20%, serious caused underproduction 30-60%.
Root-knot nematode is mainly infected the vegetables root. and the plant that is injured shows as lateral root or fibrous root increases than normal plant.Lateral root or the fibrous root back of catching an illness produces the spherical or irregular shape warty root knot that differs in size as rape seed, mung bean and broad bean, the knob size with nematosis time length with quantity and different.Ordinary circumstance Dan Sheng, causing harm is the adhesion of string strain shape when serious, but also several heal into a bigger knob, knob just be a milky, after be brown or crineous, rough surface, be full of cracks, the overground part reveal any symptoms is different because of the light and heavy degree difference of morbidity.Hypopathia strain symptom is not obvious, grave illness strain depauperation, and blade is wilted or is yellow gradually withered, and plant is short and small, and the plant that falls ill when serious is withered.
Root-knot nematode is many to survive in the 5-30 cm layer of soil,, or survives the winter in soil with larva in crop is caused a disease tissue with adult or ovum.In next year, the larva or the hibernating egg of surviving the winter hatch larva, invade plant by root.It is 25-30 ℃ that root-knot nematode grows preference temperature, soil moisture content about 40%.Larva is met 10 ℃ of low temperature and promptly loses viability, and 45-60 ℃ deadly through 5 minutes.Root-knot nematode is propagated by sick soil, sick seedling, approach such as water, and the second crop soil morbidity is serious; Sandy soil and sandy loam morbidity are heavier.
Because the root knot nematode disease morbidity is more extensive, it is serious relatively to cause harm, and be a kind of main forms of soil-borne disease, so the control of root knot nematode disease more and more comes into one's own.At present, the control of root knot nematode disease mainly contains following several method: the one, and soil disinfection comprises steam disinfection, high-temperature sterilization and pharmacy disinfection; The 2nd, cultivation management with no worm seedlings and soil, is used the fertilizer of not being with invalid body, ploughs deeply soil etc.; The 3rd, chemicals treatment is carried out in chemical control at the initial stage of a disease.Prevent and treat in the method various, the soil disinfection method is that control efficiency is best, a kind of effective method that the duration is the longest.At present, using more widely, nematocide has chloropicrin, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 10% fosthiazate, 5% carbosulfan, 10% phonamiphos, 5% chlopyrifos or the like.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide utilize cyanamide calcium, shuck powder, sawdust or other organic materials that a kind of technology is simple, raw material is sufficient, with low cost to be raw material, puddle evenly by machinery, as intensive vegetable filed nematocide and using method thereof, solve the problem of preventing and treating of root knot nematode disease.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of facilities vegetable farm nematocide, primary raw material by weight percentage, cyanamide calcium 10-20%, organic materials 80-90%.Cyanamide calcium and organic materials are puddled evenly by machinery, made nematocide.
Among the present invention, cyanamide calcium is the commercially available prod, grey black look oiliness particle, and by weight percentage, product reaches following standard: the nitrogenous 17-23% of cyanamide calcium, contain calcium oxide 40-50%, all the other are impurity, pH is at 11.0-12.5.
Among the present invention, organic materials comprises shuck powder, sawdust or other organic materials.
Among the present invention, the shuck powder is meant that nut goes discarded object after the benevolence through the flour after the pulverization process.Described shuck comprises Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum, chestnut shell, walnut shell, hazelnut shell, fagus shell etc., and the shuck powder is crossed 8 mesh sieves.
Among the present invention, sawdust be meant when carrying out Wood Processing because cutting and from the trees the foam shape wood chip of fallen trees itself.
Among the present invention, other organic materials are meant that with cellulose and lignin be product after the processes such as agricultural crop straw, branch of main component grind processing, and other organic materials are pulverized the back and crossed 2 mm sieve.Described agricultural crop straw comprises: straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalks etc.
The implementation step of described using method is as follows:
(1) selects the time that summer temperature is the highest, illumination is best, to the intensive vegetable filed cleaning of carrying out, smooth field of vegetables.
(2) evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nematocide 250-500 kilogram among the present invention on per 667 square metres of horticultural vegetable field soil surfaces; Soil is turned over ploughing depth 25-35 centimetre.
(3) will do furrow (the high 25-35 of furrow centimetre, wide 60-70 centimetre) after the soil leveling.With transparent membrane soil surface is sealed, down toward filling water between furrow, make the furrow face drenched fully, the film complete closed from film.
(4) with intensive vegetable filed complete closed, be 14-21 days off-period.
(5) after sealing is finished, open film, plowed soils can be sowed or the field planting vegetables after airing 5-7 days.
Nematicide in use, according to contained cyanamide calcium dosage difference, the nematocide quantity difference that applies, in the nematocide that applies in per 667 square metres of horticultural vegetable field soils, the amount that contains cyanamide calcium is the 45-55 kilogram.The present invention can be used for 30 various vegetables crops such as facility for prevention and control field of vegetables cucumber, tomato, Kidney bean, muskmelon, celery.
Cyanamide calcium (CaCN
2), be calcium cyanamide again, be a downstream product of calcium carbide, be a kind of grey black look oiliness particle.Cyanamide calcium in soil with reaction of moisture, generate earlier slaked lime and cyanogen ammonia, cyanogen ammoniacal liquor is separated formation urea, decomposes ammonification at last, for plant absorbing; The further polymerization and form dicyandiamide of cyanogen ammonia.Cyanogen ammonia and dicyandiamide can suppress the activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soil, and root-knot nematode in the soil is had the good restraining effect.The nitrogenous 17-23% of cyanamide calcium, contain calcium oxide 40-50%, pH is 11.0-12.5.Owing to be difficult for leaching, can prevent soil acidification, the structure of improving the soil, the improvement secondary salinization soil, it is plain and organic to increase soil calcium, and available nitrogen is evenly slowly discharged, its active ingredient is decomposed into the absorbable nitrogen of crop, do not have residually, can satisfy the demand of most of crops, the term of validity of nitrogenous fertilizer was reached more than 90 days.Cyanamide calcium is medicine, the dual-purpose soil decontamination agent of fertilizer, has soil disinfection, improves multiple actions such as nitrogen utilization efficiency, culture fertility.China has 36 families of cyanamide calcium manufacturer at present, and annual production reaches more than 270,000 tons, and cyanamide calcium has become in industrial application, and drug on the market, but its Application and Development on agricultural has very wide prospect.
Shuck is the discarded object after nut goes benevolence, and main component is cellulose and lignin.Nut fruits shell powder has higher carbon content, being the raw material of producing activated carbon etc., also is a kind of good soil conditioner simultaneously, and the lignin that contains has certain bactericidal action and nematocidal effect, can produce higher heat during fermentation, plant root-knot nematode etc. is had action of contace poison preferably.
Sawdust be meant when carrying out Wood Processing because cutting and from the trees the foam shape wood chip of fallen trees itself.The sawdust main component is cellulose and lignin, is a kind of high-quality fertilizer material after the sawdust fermentation.
The soil high-temperature disinfection treatment is carried out in the cooperation of organic materials such as cyanamide calcium and shuck powder, sawdust, and intensive vegetable filed root knot parasitosis is had good preventive effect.Basic principle is that cyanogen ammonia, the dicyandiamide that the hydrolysis of cyanamide calcium produces has the effect of significantly tagging to nematode, and the high temperature that the quick fermentation of organic materials under cyanamide calcium participates in produces has good killing effect to root-knot nematode.
In sum, occurred frequently at intensive vegetable filed root knot nematode disease, have a strong impact on the practical problem of yield of vegetables, design soil disinfection product at intensive vegetable filed root-knot nematode disease, produce for pollution-free vegetable, promote intensive vegetable filed sustainable use to have crucial meaning, product will have very vast market prospect and application value.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. technology of the present invention is simple, implement easily, the raw material abundance, used primary raw material is cheap, to the preventive effect of root knot nematode disease at 70-90%.
2. the composition of raw materials among the present invention is reasonable.Selected cyanamide calcium has characteristics such as noresidue, easy decomposition, and cyanamide calcium is met water generates cyanogen ammonia, dicyandiamide, can effectively kill intensive vegetable filed root-knot nematode.Cyanamide calcium also has the effect that suppresses bacterium, fungi, virus etc. in the soil simultaneously, is a kind of desirable soil disinfectant.Selected organic materials contains a large amount of celluloses and lignin, and the high thermal environment that decomposition produces has the nematicide effect.
3. except that intensive vegetable filed root-knot nematode is had the killing action, the raw material among the present invention all has the effect of fertilizer: the nitrogenous 17-23% of cyanamide calcium, organic materials all are high-quality fertilizer sources.After applying nematocide of the present invention, corresponding can the minimizing in intensive vegetable filed used chemical fertilizer 10-30%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With 20 kilograms of cyanamide calcium (by weight percentage, nitrogenous 20%, contain calcium oxide 45%, all the other are impurity, pH11.0-12.5), 80 kilograms in dried Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum powder is puddled evenly by machinery, makes nematocide.
Points for attention: because cyanamide calcium is powdery or graininess, its dust is harmful, therefore should note following item during concrete operations: operating personnel must wear cover glass, mouth mask, rubber gloves during making, wear trousers long sleeves operation clothing, do not have damaged boots, in order to avoid cyanamide calcium directly contacts with human body skin.In a single day cyanamide calcium contact skin, use soap, flushing with clean water immediately; As be strayed into eyes, in time use flushing with clean water.To arrive when serious in time to send to hospital and implement treatment.Operating personnel must not drink any beverage that contains alcohol in 20 hours before and after operation.
Embodiment 2-12:
Difference from Example 1 is: proportion of raw materials is difference (seeing the following form) to some extent, and the preparation method is with embodiment 1.
| Numbering | Cyanamide calcium (kilogram) | Organic materials (kilogram) |
| 2 | 20 | Chestnut shell powder: 80 |
| 3 | 20 | Sawdust: 80 |
| 4 | 20 | Straw after the pulverizing: 80 |
| 5 | 15 | Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum powder: 85 |
| 6 | 15 | Chestnut shell powder: 85 |
| 7 | 15 | Sawdust: 85 |
| 8 | 15 | Straw after the pulverizing: 85 |
| 9 | 10 | Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum powder: 90 |
| 10 | 10 | Chestnut shell powder: 90 |
| 11 | 10 | Sawdust: 90 |
| 12 | 10 | Straw after the pulverizing: 90 |
Application examples 1:
Selecting service life in the suburb, Shenyang City is 3 of the facilities vegetable booths in 12 years, every facility is divided into 2 districts, set handling district and check plot, treatment region is for evenly applying among the embodiment 1 250 kilograms of nematocides according to per 667 square metres, and nematocide is not executed in the check plot.Test mid-June (temperature 30-40 ℃), adopt following steps:
(1) intensive vegetable filed preceding crop residue is carried out cleaning, smooth field of vegetables;
(2) evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 250 kilograms of present embodiment 1 nematocides on per 667 square metres of horticultural vegetable field soil surfaces; Soil is turned over 30 centimetres of ploughing depths.
(3) will do furrow (furrow are high 30 centimetres, and are wide 60 centimetres) after the soil leveling.With transparent membrane soil surface is sealed, down toward filling water between furrow, make the furrow face drenched fully, the film complete closed from film.
(4) with intensive vegetable filed complete closed, be 14 days off-period.
(5) after sealing is finished, open film, plowed soils, airing 5 days.
(6) two batches of leaf vegetables of plantation after the airing are transplanted cucumber January in next year, carry out field management according to a conventional method, and cucumber is investigated the incidence of root knot nematode disease between breeding time, statistics output after cucumber is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested at the beginning of 6 months.The results are shown in following table:
| The disease index | Control efficiency | Cucumber yield (fresh weight kilogram/667 square metre) | |
| Contrast | 33.6 | 0 | 6150 |
| Nematocide | 7.2 | 78.6％ | 7600 |
Result of the test shows, uses the disease index that embodiment 1 handles and obviously descends, and the control efficiency of cucumber root-knot nematode is reached 78.6%.Compared with the control, cucumber on average increases production 23.6%.
Application examples 2:
Selecting service life in the suburb, Shenyang City is 3 of the facilities vegetable booths in 9 years, establish for every to be divided into 2 districts, and set handling district and check plot, treatment region is for evenly applying among the embodiment 11 500 kilograms of nematocides according to per 667 square metres, and nematocide is not executed in the check plot.Test mid-June.(1)-(5) of adopting step are with application examples 1, and different is to spread fertilizer over the fields 500 kilograms of embodiment 11 nematocides in the step (2).
Step (6): two batches of leaf vegetables of plantation after the airing, transplant tomato next year by the end of January, carry out field management according to a conventional method, tomato is investigated the incidence of root knot nematode disease between breeding time, statistics output after mid-June, tomato was uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested.The results are shown in following table:
| The disease index | Control efficiency | Tomato yield (fresh weight kilogram/667 square metre) | |
| Contrast | 18.4 | 0 | 6520 |
| Nematocide | 3.1 | 83.2％ | 7650 |
Result of the test shows, uses the disease index that embodiment 1 handles and obviously descends, and the control efficiency of tomato root-knot eelworm is reached 83.2%.Compared with the control, tomato on average increases production 17.3%.
Claims (8)
1. a facilities vegetable farm nematocide is characterized in that: nematocide raw materials by weight meter, cyanamide calcium 10-20%, organic materials 80-90%.
2. facilities vegetable farm nematocide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cyanamide calcium, and product reaches following standard: nitrogenous 17-23%, contain calcium oxide 40-50%, all the other are impurity, pH is at 11.0-12.5.
3. facilities vegetable farm nematocide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic materials is shuck powder, sawdust or other organic materials.
4. according to the described facilities vegetable farm nematocide of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described shuck powder is the flour after the discarded object process pulverization process that is meant after nut goes benevolence, described shuck comprises Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum, chestnut shell, walnut shell, hazelnut shell or fagus shell, and the shuck powder is crossed 8 mesh sieves.
5. according to the described facilities vegetable farm nematocide of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described sawdust be meant when carrying out Wood Processing because cutting and from the trees the foam shape wood chip of fallen trees itself.
6. according to the described facilities vegetable farm nematocide of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described other organic materials refer to that with cellulose and lignin be the agricultural crop straw of main component or branch through grinding the product after the processing, and other organic materials are crossed 2 mm sieve; Described agricultural crop straw comprises: straw, wheat straw, corn stalk or sorghum stalks.
7. the using method of facilities vegetable farm nematocide according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the using method of described nematocide may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects time of 30-40 ℃ of summer temperature, to the intensive vegetable filed cleaning of carrying out, smooth field of vegetables;
(2) cyanamide calcium, organic materials is even by mechanical mixture, as intensive vegetable filed nematocide, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nematocide 250-500 kilogram on per 667 square metres of horticultural vegetable field soil surfaces; Soil is turned over ploughing depth 25-35 centimetre;
(3) will do furrow after the soil leveling, the high 25-35 of furrow centimetre, the wide 60-70 of furrow centimetre; With transparent membrane soil surface is sealed, down toward filling water between furrow, make the furrow face drenched fully, the film complete closed from film;
(4) with intensive vegetable filed complete closed, be 14-21 days off-period;
(5) after sealing is finished, open film, plowed soils after airing 5-7 days, can be sowed or the field planting vegetables.
8. according to the using method of the described facilities vegetable farm nematocide of claim 7, it is characterized in that: in the nematocide that applies in the per 667 square metres of protected horticultural vegetable field soils of described nematocide, the amount that contains cyanamide calcium is the 45-55 kilogram.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100124729A CN101366396A (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2007-08-15 | Facilities vegetable farm nematocide and its use method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2007100124729A CN101366396A (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2007-08-15 | Facilities vegetable farm nematocide and its use method |
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| CN101366396A true CN101366396A (en) | 2009-02-18 |
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Cited By (11)
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| CN102311292A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-01-11 | 骆洪义 | Prevention and control preparation of root-knot nematodiasis of soil as well as preparation method and applications thereof |
| CN102577727A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-18 | 王福 | Methods for applying walnut green peel and leaf products to rice |
| CN102657155A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-09-12 | 肇庆市真格生物科技有限公司 | Nematicide granules with sawdust as carrier and preparation method thereof |
| CN103250486A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 卢志军 | Method for biologically preventing root-knot nematode by taking cyanogenic glycoside rich crop straws as raw materials |
| CN103250525A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 卢志军 | Method for preventing root-knot nematode by taking brassica crop rapes as raw materials |
| CN104008633A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-27 | 中国农业大学 | Early-warning method and system of facility spinach diseases |
| CN104642021A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-05-27 | 中国农业大学 | Greenhouse lettuce disease early warning method and device |
| CN105432267A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-30 | 宁夏大荣化工冶金有限公司 | Disease resisting and yield increasing planting method for potatoes |
| CN105541489A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 河北农业大学 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer for preventing secondary salinization of solar greenhouse vegetable field |
| CN106995346A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-01 | 宁夏大荣化工冶金有限公司 | A kind of method of modified nitrolim preventing and treating tomato root-knot nematode and application thereof |
| CN110622948A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-31 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for killing soil root-knot nematodes by using plant living stubbles and rhizosphere soil |
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- 2007-08-15 CN CNA2007100124729A patent/CN101366396A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102311292A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-01-11 | 骆洪义 | Prevention and control preparation of root-knot nematodiasis of soil as well as preparation method and applications thereof |
| CN102311292B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-04-17 | 骆洪义 | Prevention and control preparation of root-knot nematodiasis of soil as well as preparation method and applications thereof |
| CN103250486B (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2016-03-30 | 卢志军 | A kind ofly be rich in crops straw for raw material with cyanogen glycosides and carry out the method for Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes |
| CN103250486A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 卢志军 | Method for biologically preventing root-knot nematode by taking cyanogenic glycoside rich crop straws as raw materials |
| CN103250525A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 卢志军 | Method for preventing root-knot nematode by taking brassica crop rapes as raw materials |
| CN102577727A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-18 | 王福 | Methods for applying walnut green peel and leaf products to rice |
| CN102657155B (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-06 | 肇庆市真格生物科技有限公司 | Nematicide granules with sawdust as carrier and preparation method thereof |
| CN102657155A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-09-12 | 肇庆市真格生物科技有限公司 | Nematicide granules with sawdust as carrier and preparation method thereof |
| CN104008633A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-27 | 中国农业大学 | Early-warning method and system of facility spinach diseases |
| CN104008633B (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-03-30 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of facility spinach diseases method for early warning and system |
| CN105432267A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-30 | 宁夏大荣化工冶金有限公司 | Disease resisting and yield increasing planting method for potatoes |
| CN104642021A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-05-27 | 中国农业大学 | Greenhouse lettuce disease early warning method and device |
| CN105541489A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 河北农业大学 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer for preventing secondary salinization of solar greenhouse vegetable field |
| CN106995346A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-01 | 宁夏大荣化工冶金有限公司 | A kind of method of modified nitrolim preventing and treating tomato root-knot nematode and application thereof |
| CN110622948A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-31 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for killing soil root-knot nematodes by using plant living stubbles and rhizosphere soil |
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Open date: 20090218 |