CN104472131B - The anti-continuous crop technology of a kind of Chinese yam - Google Patents
The anti-continuous crop technology of a kind of Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472131B CN104472131B CN201410615923.8A CN201410615923A CN104472131B CN 104472131 B CN104472131 B CN 104472131B CN 201410615923 A CN201410615923 A CN 201410615923A CN 104472131 B CN104472131 B CN 104472131B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention relates to the anti-continuous crop technology of a kind of Chinese yam, belong to crop production technology field.The anti-continuous crop technology of Chinese yam of the present invention, after yam planting, stem is climing when climbing shelfful, sprays 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder; Grow mid-term, foliage-spray 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder, sprays 1 time every 15d, sprays 3-4 time; Full-bloom stage, foliage-spray 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder adds containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, sprays 1 time every 7d, sprays 2 times; In the later stage, spray 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder, spray 1 time every 15d, spray 1-2 time.The present invention by Chinese yam process of growth according to the specific time, sequentially, concentration spraying agent, significantly reduce the generation of Chinese yam insect pest, and significantly reduce the disease incidence of disease of Chinese yam, improve the yield and quality of Chinese yam, solve the drawback that plantation Chinese yam needs crop rotation.The present invention also by changing seed soaking, soil disinfection method, further increases the ability of the anti-continuous cropping of Chinese yam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anti-continuous crop technology of a kind of Chinese yam, belong to crop production technology field.
Background technology
Chinese yam is continuous cropping sensitive crop, and continuous cropping can cause that Chinese yam growing way is weak, resistance is low, easy early ageing, stem tuber do not expand, yield and quality declines, and general Chinese yam the 3rd year continuous cropping underproduction amplitude just can reach 30% ~ 70%, serious even total crop failure.For causing, the Reason-study of the Chinese yam continuous cropping underproduction is less, by the result of study of other crops, think that the reason of the Chinese yam continuous cropping underproduction relates to damage by disease and insect, soil physics structure, soil nutrient, and the secreting hormone in Chinese yam own growth is hoarded, formed factors such as the suppression that Chinese yam grows.
For affecting Chinese yam continuous cropping plantation factor, CN103081662 discloses a kind of Chinese yam continuous crop method, comprises soil disinfection, and Chinese yam mouthpiece pharmacy disinfection, will flatten furrow face before field planting, prevents and treats anthracnose, fusarium wilt, brown rot three kinds of diseases.Wherein soil disinfection spreads to dislike mould spirit, tmtd, promise good fortune anionic disinfectant, any one in partile cyanamid in field planting forward direction soil; Chinese yam mouthpiece pharmacy disinfection is with thiophanate methyl wettable powder, dislikes mould spirit and root-growing agent immersion.CN102612938 discloses a kind of yam planting method preventing the continuous cropping underproduction, comprises Chinese yam young plant thiophanate methyl aqueous solution soaking 10-15min; Soil applies root-growing agent, dislikes mould spirit; Root is filled with matrine.As can be seen here, comprise for corrective measure affect Chinese yam continuous cropping plantation factor at present: the process to Chinese yam young plant such as to soak seed with the bacterium spirit that disappears, adopt the process to soil such as microbial manure, balance fertilizing, land for growing field crops sterilizing, and process during plantation, and not about the corrective measure in Chinese yam process of growth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: by after yam planting, the improvement of the control measures (dispenser, fertilising) of process of growth, reach the technique effect of anti-continuous cropping.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The anti-continuous crop technology of a kind of Chinese yam, after yam planting, manages as follows:
Stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray once;
Grow mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray; Spray 1 time every 15d, spray 3-4 time;
Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.0-2.5kg/hm
2, with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray; Spray 1 time every 7d, spray 2 times;
Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time every 15d, spray 1-2 time.
The anti-continuous crop technology of above-mentioned Chinese yam, preferably,
The consumption of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2;
The consumption of 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2;
Consumption containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 2.25kg/hm
2;
The consumption of 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2.
The anti-continuous crop technology of above-mentioned Chinese yam, was preferentially handled as follows before yam planting:
(1) bask seeds: the 200g-400g Chinese yam stem tuber section intercepted from finished product Chinese yam head with liquid medicine painting, drying in the air to section is dark brown, obtains Chinese yam young plant; Described liquid is made up of according to the weight ratio of 14-16:37.5 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder and water;
(2) vernalization: the mixed liquor reaching suspending agent and water with Amici sprays Chinese yam young plant; Spray 1 every day, each consumption that sprays is 0.5Kg mixed liquor/every 100kg Chinese yam young plant; Continuous spraying 4d-5d; Daytime lid straw mat, open in the evening; In mixed liquor, the weight ratio that 25wt% Amici reaches suspending agent and water is 1.4-1.6:37.5;
(3) wholely: 3d-5d before plantation, in soil, 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder 16-20kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields
2;
(4) plant: the ditch opening 1 dark 15cm-22cm on Chinese yam ridge; The clean granule 28-32kg/hm of 5wt% ground worm is spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, composite biological fertilizer 700-800kg/hm
2, the Chinese yam young plant after plantation vernalization.Compared to undressed Chinese yam seed and soil, after carrying out above-mentioned process, better anti-continuous cropping technique effect can be obtained.
The anti-continuous crop technology of above-mentioned Chinese yam,
Preferably, in described step (1), the consumption of 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 15kg/hm
2;
Preferably, the consumption that in described step (2), 25% Amici reaches suspending agent is 1.5kg/hm
2;
Preferably, in described step (3), the consumption of 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder is 18kg/hm
2;
Preferably, in described step (4), the consumption of the clean granule of 5wt% ground worm is 30kg/hm
2;
Preferably, in described step (4), the consumption of composite biological fertilizer is 750kg/hm
2.
The anti-continuous crop technology of above-mentioned Chinese yam, its field management and harvesting method are undertaken by existing routine techniques.
In the present invention, mancozeb wettable powder, Amici reach suspending agent, copper acetate wetting powder, the clean granule of worm, composite biological fertilizer, carbendazol wettable powder, all buy by market containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer etc., its concentration wt% all refers to the concentration of effective component.
Mancozeb (Mancozeb): belong to low toxicity high-effective broad-spectrum fungicide, chemical name is ethylenebis (aminodithioformic acid manganese)+ethylenebis (zinc dithiocarbamate), molecular formula is C8H12MnN4S8Zn, be generally lark powder, decompose before melting, water insoluble and most of organic solvent.Stable under usual storage requirement, but under humidity and acid condition, temperature raises will decompose.These product are the non-internal-absorting blade face protection bactericide of wide spectrum, are widely used in fruit tree, vegetables and field crop, such as, for preventing and treating multiple important leaf portion fungal disease, anthracnose, wheat rust, the corn northern leaf blight, potato phytophthora root rot etc.Mancozeb is by quantitative responses such as Dithane A40 and dense manganese chloride liquid, obtained pulpous state maneb liquid, then, maneb and zinc nitrate or solution of zinc sulfate are reacted, spraying dry and obtaining, consumption of raw materials quota: ethylenediamine (98%) 310kg/t, carbon disulphide (99%) 870kg/t, sodium hydroxide (30%) 420kg/t, manganese sulphate (98%) 1020kg/t, zinc sulphate (96%) 80kg/t.
Carbendazim (MBC): having another name called carbendazol, No. 44, benzene well imidazoles, is a kind of benzimidazole germicide, and molecular formula is C9H9N3O2, chemical name 2-benzimidazole ylcarbamic acid methyl ester, english common name carbendazim.Can be used for foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment etc.Carbendazim is a kind of broad-spectrum germicide, control efficiency is had to the disease that various crop is caused by fungi (as imperfect fungus, many sac fungis), as various crop epidemic disease, stalk break, anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, and brassicaceous vegetable Leucoplakia, cowpea sooty mould, early blight of celery (spot disease), vegetable sprout term damping off, damping off, eggplant verticillium wilt etc.This product is tasteless powder, starts distillation 215 DEG C ~ 217 DEG C time, and melting when being greater than 290 DEG C is decomposed when 306 DEG C, water insoluble, is slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform and other organic solvents, dissolves in inorganic acid and acetic acid, and form corresponding salt, stable chemical nature.Carbendazim is efficient, low toxicity, systemic fungicide, has interior suction to treat and protective effect.Sterling is white crystalline solid, and former medicine is brown ceramic powder, stable chemical nature, and former medicine was shady and cool, dry place's storage 2 ~ 3 years, and effective ingredient is constant, to people and animals' low toxicity, also low to toxicity in fish.
Amici reaches: be a kind of brand-new beta-methoxy acrylic ester bactericide; there is protection, treat and root out triple function; by suppressing the respiration of germ to stop the energy of germ to synthesize, there is good crop safety and very outstanding Environmental compatibility.It is based on natural products in natural world mushroom that Amici reaches, the novel disease control product of one of bio-mimetic syntheses, its composition is Fluoxastrobin (Azoxystrobin), there is very high bactericidal activity, the downy mildew caused by disease fungus can be prevented and treated, epidemic disease, leaf spot, most of disease such as scab, significantly can strengthen crop anti-adversity simultaneously, especially cold hardiness, significant effect is had to crop yield raising and quality improving, and safety, low toxicity, friendly to environment, mechanism of action is unique, bactericide that can be different from the mode of action is (as golden thunder, generation is high, gesture gram, enemy's power takes off, Da Kening etc.) be combined into effective plant disease management scheme.But this product should not use continuously of crop a vegetative period, best and other bactericide is used alternatingly; Avoid mixed with silicone based auxiliary agent with missible oil class agricultural chemicals.
Copper acetate: chemical formula is Cu2 (CH3COO) 4, it is a kind of green crystals, hydrate is blue-green slightly, market common are one of machine copper fungicide, be mainly 20% wetting powder or 20% and dispersible granula, controlling object is mainly seedling sudden fall ill, citrus ulcer, bacterial angular leaf spot etc., and using method is for filling with root, spraying.The sterilization mechanism of copper acetate mainly exchanges with the cation (H+, K+ etc.) on the copper ion in its medicament and pathogen surface of cell membrane, causes the protein coagulating on germ cell membrane, thus kills germ; Part copper ion-permeable is entered in people pathogen cell, is combined with multiple enzyme, affects the activity of metabolic enzyme, causes pathogen metabolic dysfunction, and germ thus exhaustion is dead.As copper ion bactericide, there is good killing effect to pathogenetic bacteria, fungi, virus, especially to sick sandy plain bacterium residual in soil, there is good action of contace poison.Copper acetate is mainly used as soil root irrigation, can kill the multiple germ in soil; Autumn and winter are used on the clear garden of fruit tree, remove various bacterial fungus and to survive the winter cause of disease, remarkably productive to virus disease; The each Growing season of crop is sprayed, and can single dose use also can use with other sterilizing insecticide mixture of major part.
Avermectin (Avermectins): fermented by streptomyces griseus in streptomycete (Streptomycesavermitilis) and produce, molecular formula C48H72O14 (B1a) C47H70O14 (B1b) is the antibiotic insecticide of low toxicity, efficient, wide spectrum.Be made up of one group of 16 membered macrolide compound, to nematode, mite class and insect, there is stomach toxicity and action of contace poison, and have faint fumigation action, without systemic action, subepidermal insect can be killed, but not ovicidal.Its mechanism of action and general insecticide disturb neurophysiology movable unlike it, stimulate release γ-aminobutyric acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid there is inhibitory action to arthropodan nerve conduction, namely occurs paralysis symptom after insect contacts with medicament, inertia does not take food, dead after 2 ~ 4 days.Because not causing insect rapid dehydration, so its lethal effect is slower.Though but have direct killing effect to predatism and parasite, because plant surface is residual few, therefore little to the damage of beneficial insect, obvious to root nematode effect.Spray leaf surface and can decompose dissipation rapidly, the active component infiltrated in plant parenchyma can be present in tissue and to have conduction the long period, has long residual effect to the insect taking food harm in evil mite and plant tissue.Former medicine is white or yellow crystal, vapour pressure <200nPa, fusing point 150 DEG C ~ 155 DEG C, solvability 70g/L in 350g/L, isopropyl alcohol in 100g/L, toluene in 7.8g/L, acetone in water when 21 DEG C, 25g/L in chloroform, not easily decomposes under normal temperature.At 25 DEG C, can not be hydrolyzed in the solution of pH5 ~ pH9.
Worm is clean on ground: active ingredient diazinon, have strong to tag, stomach toxicity and fumigation action, low toxicity is efficient, environmentally safe, can anti-eliminate aphis, cutworm, grub, mole cricket, two spotted spider mite, wheat midge, packing nematode, wireworm, root maggot, Liriomyza, corn borer, soybean pod borer, the underground insect on the ground such as nematode, have tag, stomach toxicity, osmosis, there is the features such as slowly-releasing, efficient, the longevity of residure is long.Detect through country, this product belongs to nuisanceless, low-residual product.Insecticidal mechanism: (1) lures soil insect to climb out of earth surface liquid and dead.(2) soil insect is lured to eat native stomach toxicity and dead.(3) deeply form poison gas layer on earth's surface to soil 20cm, soil insect is choked to death.
Composite biological fertilizer: the gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin, organic acid, protease, carbohydrase, phytokinase etc. that include multiple beneficial flora (azotobacter, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium, potassium decomposing colloid bacillus cereus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria etc.) and secretion generation thereof, add the plant indispensable element such as humus, amino acid, boron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, iron, calcium, nontoxic, noresidue, pollution-free.Energy activating soil, the formation promoted soil fertility, promote soil aggregate, alkali resistant solution salt, improvement soil, promotes that crop is to the absorption of nutrient, stimulation crop root growth.Product efficacy: (1) manufactures and assists crops to absorb nutrition: the nitrogen in air can be converted into ammonia for plant absorption; Be combined with various conventional chemical fertilizer and fertilizer and use, can effectively prevent loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, volatilization, the phosphorus of soil fixing and potassium are converted into phosphorus, the potash fertilizer of solubility, by the breeding of multiple beneficial microorganism, accelerate the decomposition and inversion of fertilizer, discharge various nutrient component, greatly improve the availability of fertilizer.(2) unified fertile for bio-fertilizer, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer three by rational application of fertilizers, integrate long-acting, quick-acting and synergy, thus reach balanced nutritious, meet crop at the needs of different growing to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other various nutrient elements.(3) product can activating soil, promote the good granular structure of Zinc fractions, increase soil permeability, promote well developed root system, fertilizer conservation, water conservation.(4) plant disease-resistant ability is strengthened: multiple beneficial microorganism is at crop rhizosphere amount reproduction, form dominant microflora, and secrete plant growth-promoting material and antibiotic, suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganism, improve the ability of the multiple diseases such as anti-root rot, damping off, epidemic disease, fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt and root knot nematode disease, reduce soil-borne disease, can also cold-resistant, drought resisting, prevent plant early ageing, prolong growth period.(5) quality is improved, ripen in advance: owing to reducing fertilizer amount in right amount, alleviate soil pollution, degrade nitrate and residue of pesticide, thus can improve agricultural product protein, sugar, vitamin content, make vegetable melon and fruit look delicate flavour beautiful, best in quality, and premature ripening, the effect of increasing income be remarkable.(6) take root, strengthen root, support root: have repairing regeneration function to root system, make plant strain growth healthy and strong, vigorous, for good basis is created in increasing both production and income.
Containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer: products characteristics is rich in the necessary amino acid of 17 Plants and calcium, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, without antagonism between each element; Absorb fast, fertilizer efficiency is lasting.Major function: (1) supplements amino acid and trace element rapidly, promotes the cell division of crop, reduces fruit drop, promotes Fruit, extends high yield period and picking time.(2) the physiological disease incidence of disease because nutritional deficiency causes is reduced.
Beneficial effect
The present invention by Chinese yam process of growth according to the specific time, sequentially, concentration spraying agent, significantly reduce the generation of Chinese yam insect pest, and significantly reduce the disease incidence of disease of Chinese yam, improve the yield and quality of Chinese yam, solve the drawback that plantation Chinese yam needs crop rotation.The present invention also by changing seed soaking, soil disinfection method, further increases the ability of the anti-continuous cropping of Chinese yam.The present invention's chemical agent used is high-efficiency low-toxicity product, ensure that to have the continuing of Chinese yam industry, healthy, fast-developing significant economy, society and ecological benefits, have a extensive future.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Amici reaches purchased from Yancheng Limin Chemical Co., Ltd., active constituent content 25wt%; Copper acetate purchased from Shandong Weifang Shuangxing Pesticide Co., Ltd., active constituent content 20wt%; Ground worm only purchased from Nanjing Shuan Jia Bioisystech Co., Ltd, active constituent content 5wt%; Composite biological fertilizer is purchased from Dezhou, Shandong sunlight biological Science and Technology Ltd.; Carbendazim purchased from Jiangsu Lam Fung Biological Chemical Co., Ltd, active constituent content 50wt%; Containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer purchased from Dongguan Shipuwang Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder is purchased from Jinan one agriculture Chemical Co., Ltd., and active constituent content is 80wt%; 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder is purchased from Shandong Rupont Chemical Co., Ltd., and active constituent content is 90wt%.
Experiment kind:
Nine jin of Huangs, select from water Chinese yam, and monolithic weight is up to about 9 jin, a traditional unit of weight, and main producing region, in Soviet Union, Shandong, Henan, contiguous areas, Anhui, due to its high yield, disease-resistant characteristic, produces area and expands year by year, have the gesture replacing water Chinese yam.
Experiment plot:
Demonstration ground, 4 hectares, Sun Liuzhenduan building village, Dan County, Shandong Province, is divided into 5 pieces of plot, and every block ground is respectively continuously by method continuous cropping 4 years nine jin of Dioscorea Panthcica described in embodiment 1 ~ 4 and reference examples.Experimental field soil property is sandy loam, medium fertility, 0cm ~ 20cm topsoil content of organic matter 1.44wt% ~ 1.71wt%, hydrolyzable nitrogen 58.72mg/kg ~ 64.08mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 10.88mg/kg ~ 13.40mg/kg, available potassium 98.38mg/kg ~ 121.42mg/kg.
Planting conditions:
Spacing in the rows 25cm, row spacing 100cm, planting density 40000 strains/hm
2.Vernalization, sowing, field management and results are by local traditional cultivation method operation.
Embodiment 1
(1) bask seeds: with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 14kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, obtains liquid; Intercept the Chinese yam stem tuber of 200g-400g with bamboo cutter at finished product Chinese yam head, with brush by liquid uniform application in intercepted Chinese yam stem tuber section, make section to be formed one deck medicine film; Section natural drying, to dark brown, obtains Chinese yam young plant;
(2) vernalization: 25wt% Amici is reached suspending agent 1.4kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, is sprayed on the obtained Chinese yam young plant of step (1), sprays 1 every day, continuous spraying 4d-5d, daytime lid straw mat, open vernalization in the evening;
(3) wholely: before plantation, 3d-5d wholely, in conjunction with fertilising (soya-bean cake), 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder 16kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields
2;
(4) plant: when mid or late April, ground temperature more than 10 DEG C, Chinese yam ridge is opened the ditch of 1 dark 15cm-22cm; The clean granule 28kg/hm of 5wt% ground worm is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, and agricultural chemicals and soil are mixed; Composite biological fertilizer 700kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, the Chinese yam young plant after step (2) vernalization is seeded in and waits to plant plot, earthing;
(5) medicine is sprayed: Chinese yam stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray 1 time; Chinese yam grows mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 3-4 time every 15d; Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.0kg/hm
2, with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time every 7d, continuous spraying 2 times; Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 1-2 time every 15d.
(6) through field management, results, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2
(1) bask seeds: with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 15kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, obtains liquid; Intercept the Chinese yam stem tuber of 200g-400g with bamboo cutter at finished product Chinese yam head, with brush by liquid uniform application in intercepted Chinese yam stem tuber section, make section to be formed one deck medicine film; Section natural drying, to dark brown, obtains Chinese yam young plant;
(2) vernalization: 25wt% Amici is reached suspending agent 1.5kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, is sprayed on the obtained Chinese yam young plant of step (1), sprays 1 every day, continuous spraying 4d-5d, daytime lid straw mat, open vernalization in the evening;
(3) wholely: before plantation, 3d-5d wholely, in conjunction with fertilising (soya-bean cake), 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder 18kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields
2;
(4) plant: when mid or late April, ground temperature more than 10 DEG C, Chinese yam ridge is opened the ditch of 1 dark 15cm-22cm; The clean granule 30kg/hm of 5wt% ground worm is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, and agricultural chemicals and soil are mixed; Composite biological fertilizer 750kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, the Chinese yam young plant after step (2) vernalization is seeded in and waits to plant plot, earthing;
(5) medicine is sprayed: Chinese yam stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.75g/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing carries out foliage-spray 1 time; Chinese yam grows mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.75kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2foliage-spray is carried out in mixing, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 3-4 time every 15d; Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.75kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.25kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2foliage-spray is carried out in mixing, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 2 times every 7d; Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.75kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2foliage-spray is carried out in mixing, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 1-2 time every 15d.
(6) through field management, results, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 3
(1) bask seeds: with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 16kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, obtains liquid; Intercept the Chinese yam stem tuber of 200g-400g with bamboo cutter at finished product Chinese yam head, with brush by liquid uniform application in intercepted Chinese yam stem tuber section, make section to be formed one deck medicine film; Section natural drying, to dark brown, obtains Chinese yam young plant;
(2) vernalization: 25wt% Amici is reached suspending agent 1.6kg/hm
2with water 37.5kg/hm
2mixing, is sprayed on the obtained Chinese yam young plant of step (1), sprays 1 every day, continuous spraying 4d-5d, daytime lid straw mat, open vernalization in the evening;
(3) wholely: before plantation, 3d-5d wholely, in conjunction with fertilising (soya-bean cake), 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder 20kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields
2;
(4) plant: when mid or late April, ground temperature more than 10 DEG C, Chinese yam ridge is opened the ditch of 1 dark 15cm-22cm; The clean granule 32kg/hm of 5wt% ground worm is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, and agricultural chemicals and soil are mixed; Composite biological fertilizer 800kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, the Chinese yam young plant after step (2) vernalization is seeded in and waits to plant plot, earthing;
(5) medicine is sprayed: Chinese yam stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.8g/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing carries out foliage-spray 1 time; Chinese yam grows mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 3-4 time every 15d; Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.8kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.5kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2foliage-spray is carried out in mixing, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 2 times every 7d; Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2foliage-spray is carried out in mixing, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 1-2 time every 15d.
(6) through field management, results, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 4
(1) intercept the Chinese yam stem tuber of 200g-400g at finished product Chinese yam head with bamboo cutter, Chinese yam stem tuber section dips in and carries out sterilization in pulverized limestone, obtains Chinese yam young plant; Get methyl holder not Tianjin 1.0kg convert 200kg water, the obtained thiophanate methyl aqueous solution; Chinese yam young plant is soaked in the water-soluble middle 10min of thiophanate methyl, take out, airing 3 days, obtains pretreated Chinese yam young plant;
(2), when mid or late April, ground temperature more than 10 DEG C, Chinese yam ridge is opened the ditch of 1 dark 15cm-22cm; The pretreated Chinese yam young plant that step (1) is obtained is seeded in the ditch waiting to plant soil, then spreads fertilizer over the fields powerful root-growing agent 120.0kg/hm
2, spray and dislike mould Lingshui Spring solution, disliking the mould Lingshui Spring solution per hectare amount of spraying is that 6.0kg dislikes mould spirit and is watered 450kg; With the molten liquid irrigating root of matrine water, it is that 30.0L matrine is watered 1500kg, earthing that matrine water solution per hectare fills with root amount;
(3) medicine is sprayed: Chinese yam stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray 1 time; Chinese yam grows mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 3-4 time every 15d; Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.0kg/hm
2, with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time every 7d, continuous spraying 2 times; Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time, continuous spraying 1-2 time every 15d.
(4) through field management, results, to obtain final product.
Reference examples
(1) intercept the Chinese yam stem tuber of 200g-400g at finished product Chinese yam head with bamboo cutter, Chinese yam stem tuber section dips in and carries out sterilization in pulverized limestone, obtains Chinese yam young plant; Get methyl holder not Tianjin 1.0kg convert 200kg water, the obtained thiophanate methyl aqueous solution; Chinese yam young plant is soaked in the water-soluble middle 10min of thiophanate methyl, take out, airing 3 days, obtains pretreated Chinese yam young plant;
(2), when mid or late April, ground temperature more than 10 DEG C, Chinese yam ridge is opened the ditch of 1 dark 15cm-22cm; The pretreated Chinese yam young plant that step (1) is obtained is seeded in the ditch waiting to plant soil, then spreads fertilizer over the fields powerful root-growing agent 120.0kg/hm
2, spray and dislike mould Lingshui Spring solution, disliking the mould Lingshui Spring solution per hectare amount of spraying is that 6.0kg dislikes mould spirit and is watered 450kg; With the molten liquid irrigating root of matrine water, it is that 30.0L matrine is watered 1500kg, earthing that matrine water solution per hectare fills with root amount;
(3) medicine is sprayed:
Spray medicine: with the 600 times of liquid spraying preventions of 50% carbendazim, second time will be sprayed after 10 days again at Qi Miaohou; From gathering the previous moon, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays one time 0.2% and the urea mixed solution of 1%;
Find fusarium wilt, use 70% mancozeb, 500 times of liquid to carry out filling root;
Find brown spot, prevent and treat with the 800 times of liquid sprayings of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, every 7-10 days laxatives once, connect spray 3 times;
Find anthracnose, with 500-600 times of liquid sprayings of 70% mancozeb wettable powder;
Find Chinese yam sawfly, with the pyrethrin pesticide decis spraying control of high-efficiency low-toxicity; Spraying concentration is 2% decis, 3000 times of liquid;
(4) through field management, results, to obtain final product.
Experimental result
Interpretation and statistical all calculate by this area conventional method.
1, find through comparative study, the method for the invention can effectively alleviate Chinese yam disease, and compared with reference examples, can significantly reduce the stem tuber incidence of disease, experimental result is in table 1:
Table 1
。
2, find through comparative study, the method for the invention has obvious effect of increasing production, can greatly improve Chinese yam Tuber yields, and continuous cropping more than 3 years reaches 1.7 ~ 4.2 times than the average amount of increase in production of reference examples, and experimental result is in table 2:
Table 2
。
3, find through comparative study, the method for the invention can improve Chinese yam stem tuber quality, and improve commodity, experimental result is in table 3:
Table 3
。
From table 2 and table 3, raw stub land (2010) embodiment 2 average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber 4618.0kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 4220.9kg; And reference examples average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber 4581.2kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 3990.2kg.Visible the technology of the present invention uses and Chinese yam can be made to increase production 0.80% on raw stub land; The volume increase of commodity potato is more obvious, reaches 7.70%.
3rd year second crop soil (2012) embodiment 2 average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber 4520.1kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 3787.8kg; And reference examples average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber only has 1522.2kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 799.2kg.Visible employing the technology of the present invention the 3rd year second crop soil nine jin of Dioscorea Panthcica effects are extremely remarkable, than contrast volume increase 1.97 times; The volume increase of commodity potato then reaches 3.7 times.
4th year second crop soil (2013) embodiment 2 average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber 4148.4kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 3376.8kg; And reference examples average yield per mu Chinese yam stem tuber only has 786.0kg, wherein commodity potato average yield per mu 249.2kg.Visible employing the technology of the present invention the 3rd year second crop soil Chinese yam effect is extremely remarkable, than contrast volume increase 4.3 times; The volume increase of commodity potato then reaches 12.6 times.
4, find through comparative study, the method for the invention can be increased economic efficiency, and compared with reference examples, the economic benefit that continuous cropping can be made to plant nine jin of Dioscorea Panthcica increases considerably, and experimental result is in table 4:
Table 4
。
Claims (10)
1. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam, is characterized in that, after yam planting, manage as follows:
Stem is climing when climbing shelfful, with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray once;
Grow mid-term, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray; Spray 1 time every 15d, spray 3-4 time;
Full-bloom stage, with 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2add containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2.0-2.5kg/hm
2, with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray; Spray 1 time every 7d, spray 2 times;
Later stage, with 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder 0.7-0.8kg/hm
2with water 187.5kg/hm
2mixing, carries out foliage-spray, sprays 1 time every 15d, spray 1-2 time.
2. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2.
3. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, is characterized in that, growth mid-term and full-bloom stage, the consumption of 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2.
4. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 2.25kg/hm
2.
5. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of 90wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 0.75kg/hm
2.
6., according to the anti-continuous crop method of the Chinese yam in claim 1-5 described in any one, it is characterized in that, be handled as follows before yam planting:
(1) bask seeds: the 200g-400g Chinese yam stem tuber section intercepted from finished product Chinese yam head with liquid medicine painting, drying in the air to section is dark brown, obtains Chinese yam young plant; Described liquid is made up of according to the weight ratio of 14-16:37.5 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder and water;
(2) vernalization: the mixed liquor reaching suspending agent and water with Amici sprays Chinese yam young plant; Spray 1 every day, each consumption that sprays is 0.5Kg mixed liquor/every 100kg Chinese yam young plant; Continuous spraying 4d-5d; Daytime lid straw mat, open in the evening; In mixed liquor, the weight ratio that 25wt% Amici reaches suspending agent and water is 1.4-1.6:37.5;
(3) wholely: 3d-5d before plantation, in soil, 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder 16-20kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields
2;
(4) plant: the ditch opening 1 dark 15cm-22cm on Chinese yam ridge; The clean granule 28-32kg/hm of 5wt% ground worm is spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
2, composite biological fertilizer 700-800kg/hm
2, the Chinese yam young plant after plantation vernalization.
7. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (1), the consumption of 80wt% mancozeb wettable powder is 15kg/hm
2.
8. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the consumption that 25% Amici reaches suspending agent is 1.5kg/hm
2.
9. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the consumption of 20wt% copper acetate wetting powder is 18kg/hm
2.
10. the anti-continuous crop method of Chinese yam according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (4), the consumption of the clean granule of 5wt% ground worm is 30kg/hm
2; The consumption of composite biological fertilizer is 750kg/hm
2.
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| CN108094098A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-01 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam |
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