CN101336310B - 滑动部件 - Google Patents

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CN101336310B
CN101336310B CN2006800518442A CN200680051844A CN101336310B CN 101336310 B CN101336310 B CN 101336310B CN 2006800518442 A CN2006800518442 A CN 2006800518442A CN 200680051844 A CN200680051844 A CN 200680051844A CN 101336310 B CN101336310 B CN 101336310B
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resin
heat
resistant resin
top layer
solid lubricant
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CN101336310A (zh
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菊池清人
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Sanden Corp
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
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    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
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    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
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Abstract

本发明提供一种形成了抗粘性和抗磨蚀性均优异的保护被膜的滑动部件。所述滑动部件具备基材和保护被膜，其中，所述保护被膜具有：树脂中间层，其形成在所述基材的滑动侧表面上，且包括低熔点合金、导热性填料和中间层用耐热性树脂的混合剂；以及固体润滑剂表层，其形成在所述树脂中间层上，且包括固体润滑剂和表层用耐热性树脂的混合剂。

Description

滑动部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压缩机等的滑动部件。
背景技术
专利文献1公开了一种滑动部件，其特征在于，具备基材和保护被膜，所述保护被膜具有在所述基材的滑动侧表面形成的、由中间层用耐热性树脂构成的树脂中间层；以及在所述树脂中间层上形成的、由固体润滑剂和表层用耐热性树脂的混合剂构成的固体润滑剂表层。
专利文献1的滑动部件的抗粘性和耐磨性优异。
专利文献1：日本特开2005-146366
发明内容
由于树脂的热导率低于金属，在由中间层用耐热性树脂构成的树脂中间层中，固体润滑剂表层产生的摩擦热不能迅速地扩散至周围，滑动部温度升高。因此，专利文献1的滑动部件虽然耐磨性优异，但抗粘性却存在问题。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而得到的，其目的在于提供一种形成有抗粘性和耐磨性都优异的保护被膜的滑动部件。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种滑动部件，其特征在于，具备基材和保护被膜，其中，所述保护被膜具有：
树脂中间层，其形成在所述基材的滑动侧表面上，且包括低熔点合金、导热性填料和中间层用耐热性树脂的混合剂；以及
固体润滑剂表层，其形成在所述树脂中间层上，且包括固体润滑剂和表层用耐热性树脂的混合剂。
由于含有中间层用耐热性树脂、低熔点合金和导热性填料的树脂中间层热导率高，因而在固体润滑剂表层产生的摩擦热可以迅速扩散至周围。因此，本发明的滑动部件所具备的保护被膜，其抗粘性和耐磨性均优异。
根据本发明，可以提供一种形成了抗粘性和耐磨性均优异的保护 被膜的滑动部件。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例涉及的具有滑动部件的斜板式压缩机的剖面图。
图2为本发明的实施例涉及的滑动部件的剖面图。
符号说明
1   驱动轴
2   气缸体
3   外壳(Front Housing)
4   曲柄室
5   气缸内孔(cylinder bore)
6   活塞
6a  半球面座
7   转子
8   斜板
8a  外缘部
9   闸瓦(shoe)
81  滑动部件
82  基材
83  保护被膜
83a 中间树脂层
83b 固体润滑剂表层
具体实施方式
说明将本发明应用于斜板式压缩机的实施例。
如图1所示，斜板式压缩机的驱动轴1被容纳在由气缸体2和外壳3形成的曲柄室4中，通过轴承由气缸体2和外壳3支撑，可以自由旋转。在气缸体2上，围绕着驱动轴1形成了多个气缸内孔5。在各个气缸内孔5中，嵌插着可以往复滑动的活塞6。曲柄室4中，转子7结合在驱动轴1上，斜板8连接在转子7上，其相对于驱动轴1的倾角 可以变化。活塞6的一对半球面座6a上可滑动地安装了一对闸瓦9，该闸瓦9可以滑动地夹住斜板8的外缘部8a。由外部驱动源传送到驱动轴1的回转运动通过斜板8转变为往复运动，并传送至活塞6，通过活塞6在气缸内孔5内的往复运动，使气缸内孔5内的气体被压缩。
斜板8的外缘部8a形成有与闸瓦9可以滑动接触的滑动部件81。如图2所示，所述外缘部8a形成的滑动部件81具备基材82和保护被膜83，所述保护被膜83具有树脂中间层83a以及固体润滑剂表层83b，其中，所述基材82由选自铝系材料(以铝为主要成分的金属材料)、铁系材料(以铁为主要成分的金属材料)、铜系材料(以铜为主要成分的金属材料)、镁系材料(以镁为主要成分的金属材料)中的1种形成；所述树脂中间层83a形成在所述基材82的滑动侧表面、具体在与闸瓦9相对的两端面上，且包括低熔点合金、导热性填料和中间层用耐热性树脂的混合剂；所述固体润滑剂表层83b形成在所述树脂中间层83a上，且包括固体润滑剂和表层用耐热性树脂的混合剂。所述固体润滑剂表层83b中的耐热性树脂的含量设定为不高于所述树脂中间层83a中的耐热性树脂含量的值。
由于含有中间层用耐热性树脂、低熔点合金和导热性填料的树脂中间层83a的热导率高，因而由固体润滑剂表层83b和闸瓦9的滑动面所产生的摩擦热能够迅速地扩散至周围。因此，斜板8的外缘部8a形成的滑动部件81所具备的保护被膜83，其抗粘性和耐磨性均优异。
通过使树脂中间层83a(其中耐热性树脂的混合比例高于固体润滑剂表层83b中的耐热性树脂的混合比例)存在于固体润滑剂表层83b和基材82之间，从而提高基材82和固体润滑剂表层83b的粘着性，而且提高固体润滑剂表层83b的耐剥离性。固体润滑剂表层83b也可以包括固体润滑剂、表层用耐热性树脂、低熔点合金和导热性填料的混合剂。固体润滑剂表层83b自身的热导率提高，固体润滑剂表层83b和闸瓦9的滑动面产生的摩擦热被迅速地扩散至周围。
通过使中间层用耐热性树脂和表层用耐热性树脂为相同种类，从而提高树脂中间层83a和固体润滑剂表层83b的粘着性，进一步提高固体润滑剂表层83b的耐剥离性。另外，即使中间层用耐热性树脂和表层用耐热性树脂为不同种类，也可以充分确保树脂中间层83a和固体润滑剂表层83b的粘着性。
通过将固相与液相混合的半熔融状态的低熔点合金和熔融状态的中间层用耐热性树脂进行混炼之后，形成树脂中间层83a被膜，从而进一步提高树脂中间层83a的导热性。这是由于，低熔点合金与导热性填料接触或者熔敷，从而与导热性填料相互连接，形成三维的导热回路。
中间层用耐热性树脂优选JISK7191规定的荷重弯曲温度在100℃以上的树脂。
中间层用耐热性树脂可以为热塑性树脂，也可以是热固化性树脂。作为热塑性树脂，可以列举聚苯硫醚(PPS)、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚缩醛、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚(亚)苯醚、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺等。作为热固化性树脂，可以列举酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、蜜胺树脂、尿素树脂等。其中，聚苯硫醚(PPS)由于其熔融时粘度低、填料容易分散、可以以高密度填充填料而被优选。虽然为了提高树脂中间层83a的热导率而需要以高密度填充填料，但填料的填充密度高则粘度上升，生产时的难度增加。但是，通过使用聚苯硫醚，可以抑制粘度上升、减缓生产时的难度。
树脂中间层83a的厚度优选0.1至100μm。能够确实地提高抗粘性和耐磨性。
斟酌成本、耐磨性、耐热性，表层用耐热性树脂优选聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂中的任一种。
固体润滑剂优选选自二硫化钼、石墨、氟化物中的至少1种。二硫化钼主要可以提高干性条件下的抗粘性，石墨主要可以提高油性润滑下的抗粘性和耐磨性。氟化物可以降低摩擦系数，因而可以提高抗粘性和耐磨性。氟化物为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)等。为了提高耐磨性，所使用的二硫化钼的平均一次粒径为0.1～40μm，优选为1～10μm。为了提高层内的粘着性，所使用的石墨的平均一次粒径为0.1～10μm，优选为1～5μm。所使用的氟化物的平均一次粒径为0.1～5μm，优选为1～3μm。若平均一次粒径不足0.1μm则抗粘性降低，若高于5μm则耐磨性降低。
固体润滑剂表层83b可以进一步含有硬质粒子、极压添加剂、表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂、加工稳定剂、抗氧化剂中的任意一种或全部的表层用添加剂。树脂中间层83a也可以含有硬质粒子、极压添加剂、表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂、加工稳定剂、抗氧化剂、固体润滑剂中的任意一种或全部的中间层用添加剂，并且，所述中间层用添加剂的含有比例可以不高于固体润滑剂表层83b中的固体润滑剂和表层用添加剂的含有比例(更加具体地说明，若固体润滑剂表层83b的固体润滑剂含量为50体积％、表层用添加剂的含量为5体积％，则树脂中间层83a中的中间层用添加剂的含量为55体积％以下)。树脂中间层83a也可以不含硬质粒子、极压添加剂、表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂、加工稳定剂、抗氧化剂、固体润滑剂中的任意一种。
低熔点合金为选自Sn-Cu、Sn-Al、Sn-Zn、Sn-Pt、Sn-Mn、Sn-Mg、Sn-Ag、Sn-Au、Sn-Te、Sn-P、Sn-Ca、Sn-Ba、Sn-Ge、Al-Li、Cu-Li、Zn-Li中的至少1种。低熔点合金优选液相线温度(liquidus curvetemperature)为400℃以下的合金，即选自Sn-Cu、Sn-Al、Sn-Zn、Sn-Pt、Sn-Mn、Sn-Ag、Al-Li、Zn-Li中的至少1种。通过上述材料的选择，使所混炼的树脂的选择自由度增加。低熔点合金更优选为选自Sn-Cu、Sn-Al、Sn-Zn中的至少1种。上述材料容易购买，且成本低。低熔点合金进一步优选为Sn-Cu。Sn-Cu的熔点选择范围广，且热导率高。
导热性填料可以使用各种粉状物、纤维状物。
作为粉状填料，可以列举铁、铜、锡、镍、铝、镁、钛、铬、锌、金、银等金属粉末；氧化铝、氧化镁、氮化硼、氮化铝、氮化硅等陶瓷粉末；石墨粉末等。耐热性树脂中可以含有1种或2种以上的粉状填料。特别优选在耐热性树脂中含有铜粉和石墨粉末。在配制耐热性树脂的原料粉末时，可以将铜粉和石墨粉末分别添加到原料粉中，或者向原料粉中添加铜-石墨复合粉末。
铜-石墨复合粉末，可以是将石墨粉末通过焊锡等用铜粉包覆而形成的，也可以是在石墨粉末上电镀或非电镀铜粉而形成的，还可以是将石墨粉末和铜粉通过机械合金化而复合形成的。铜-石墨复合粉末的粒径优选为1～150μm。如果粒径小于1μm或大于150μm，则在树脂中难以分散。在金属中，铜的热导率较高、比重较大。因此，通过将铜粉与比重较小的石墨粉末复合化，从而可以得到比重小且热导率 高的粉状填料。即使铜被氧化，石墨也难以被氧化，因而可以抑制复合粉末的热导率降低。对于在石墨粉末上镀上铜粉而形成的粉状填料，由于铜是镀膜，因而不易受到铜的延展性的影响。
作为纤维状填料，可以列举包括上述金属的金属纤维、玻璃纤维、或者氧化铝纤维、钛酸钙纤维、氮化硅纤维等陶瓷纤维、碳纤维等。其中，碳纤维由于热导率高而被优选。
树脂中间层83a中，导热性填料的体积含量为10～55体积％，优选为15～45体积％，更优选为15～40体积％。若体积含量不足10体积％则导热性降低，若大于55体积％则树脂中间层83a的成形加工性降低。使用铜粉和石墨两种导热性填料的情况下，石墨粉末的体积含量优选为5～40体积％。
作为热导性填料中使用的碳纤维，可以列举以纤维素系、PAN系、沥青系为主要原料的碳纤维、用气相外延法制备的碳纤维。一部分碳纤维具有高于金属或金属氧化物等无机类填料的热导率。但是，纤维方向上显示良好的导热性，然而热扩散性或放热性并不充分。因此，通过并用碳纤维填料和无机类填料，可以使无机系填料之间通过碳纤维连接形成三维的导热网络，进而提高树脂中间层83a的热扩散性或放热性。也可以得到如下效果，碳纤维之间通过低熔点合金连接形成三维的导热网络，进而提高树脂中间层83a的热扩散性或放热性。
碳纤维的纤维方向的热导率为100W/m·K以上，更优选为700W/m·K以上。碳纤维的直径为1～35μm，更优选为5～20μm；长度为5～100μm，更优选为20～80μm。如果碳纤维的直径小于1μm则变成微粉状而难以操作；如果大于35μm则在与树脂混炼时容易捣碎。
树脂中间层83a中的碳纤维的含量为1～20体积％，优选为5～15体积％，更优选为5～10体积％。如果少于1体积％则不能充分地提高导热性，如果多于20体积％则树脂中间层83a的成形加工性降低。
低熔点合金和导热性填料的体积含量的比例优选为(低熔点合金/导热性填料)＝1/30～3/1。更优选为1/30～1/1，进一步优选为1/30～5/7。如果低于1/30，则使导热性填料互相连结的低熔点合金不足，导致树脂中间层83a的导热性降低；如果高于3/1，则与导热性填料相比热导率低的低熔点合金的量增加，因而树脂中间层83a的热导率降低。
基材82的滑动侧表面还可以进行镀敷处理、热喷涂处理、阳极氧化处理、化学整理、粗糙化处理。通过进行上述处理，从而提高树脂中间层83a的粘着性，从而提高滑动面的抗粘性、耐磨性。镀敷处理为镀锡处理、镀镍处理、镀铜处理等。热喷涂处理为Cu热喷涂处理、Al-Si热喷涂处理等。基材82为铝系材料的情况下，阳极氧化处理为防蚀铝处理(alumite)等。化学整理为铬酸盐处理、非铬酸盐处理、磷酸锌处理等。粗糙化处理为喷丸处理、软氮化处理等。通过实施上述处理，使树脂中间层83a的粘着性提高，进而，可以确保在固体润滑剂表层83b或树脂中间层83a磨损时的滑动性。
工业适用性
本发明可以广泛用于斜板式压缩机的与斜板闸瓦邻接的滑动部、斜板式压缩机的闸瓦、斜板式压缩机的活塞、支持各种压缩机的驱动轴的滑动轴承等、各种压缩机等的滑动部件。

Claims (10)

1.滑动部件，其特征在于，具备基材和保护被膜，其中，所述保护被膜具有：
树脂中间层，其形成在所述基材的滑动侧表面上，且包括低熔点合金、导热性填料和中间层用耐热性树脂的混合剂，所述低熔点合金为选自Sn-Cu、Sn-Al、Sn-Zn、Sn-Pt、Sn-Mn、Sn-Mg、Sn-Ag、Sn-Au、Al-Li、Zn-Li中的至少1种，所述导热性填料为选自金属粉末、陶瓷粉末、石墨粉末、金属纤维、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳素纤维中的至少1种，所述中间层用耐热性树脂为选自聚苯硫醚(PPS)、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚缩醛、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚(亚)苯醚、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯树脂、蜜胺树脂、尿素树脂中的至少1种；以及
固体润滑剂表层，其形成在所述树脂中间层上，且包括固体润滑剂和表层用耐热性树脂的混合剂，所述固体润滑剂为选自二硫化钼、石墨、氟化物中的至少1种，所述表层用耐热性树脂为选自聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂中的至少1种，
其中将固相与液相混合的半熔融状态的低熔点合金和熔融状态的中间层用耐热性树脂进行混炼之后，形成树脂中间层被膜。
2.权利要求1所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述固体润滑剂表层包括固体润滑剂、表层用耐热性树脂、低熔点合金和导热性填料的混合剂。
3.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述导热性填料为铜粉和石墨粉末的混合剂。
4.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述中间层用耐热性树脂的荷重弯曲温度为100℃以上。
5.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述中间层用耐热性树脂与所述表层用耐热性树脂为相同种类。
6.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述树脂中间层的厚度为0.1～100μm。
7.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述固体润滑剂表层中的所述表层用耐热性树脂的含量不高于所述树脂中间层中的所述中间层用耐热性树脂的含量。
8.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，所述基材为选自铝系材料、铁系材料、铜系材料、镁系材料中的1种。
9.权利要求1或2所述的滑动部件，其特征在于，对所述基材的滑动侧表面实施了镀敷处理、热喷涂处理、烧结处理、阳极氧化处理、化学整理、粗糙化处理中的至少1种。
10.一种压缩机，其特征在于，具备权利要求1～9中任一项所述的滑动部件。
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US20090136747A1 (en) 2009-05-28
CN101336310A (zh) 2008-12-31

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