CN101264800B - 用于装填袋子的包装机和包装方法 - Google Patents
用于装填袋子的包装机和包装方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种包装机和用于操作包装机以装填袋子的方法,它包括用于装填袋子的装填嘴和用于密封袋子的封闭装置,该封闭装置包括在其间密封袋子的两个封闭件。两封闭件之间的接触压力在焊接过程中是可调节的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于装填袋子的包装机或装料机以及方法,其中特别是用散料装填阀口袋(valve bag)。原则上,也可以充填液体或糊状材料。本发明例如可用于装填包覆在热塑性塑料中的袋子。较佳的应用是用塑料薄膜制成或包覆在塑料薄膜中的袋子、特别是阀口袋,这些袋子特别是在装填以干燥散料(诸如建筑材料或颗粒)之后通过密封而被焊接。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知在装填后封闭袋子的不同装料机。例如可以通过超声波焊接工艺来进行封闭。为此目的,阀口袋的被包覆阀口的薄片层在超声波焊接装置中被焊接在一起以使袋子紧密地封闭。超声波焊接装置包括超声波发生器(snotrode)或角状件以及在阀口的整个宽度上延伸的砧座,借助于它们可以在一个步骤中密封整个阀口的宽度。对于尺寸恒定和袋子材料不变的袋子,这种工艺能可靠地工作。
已知设备的一个不足之处在于该密封装置的操作是与所采用的袋子无关的。焊缝的质量取决于密封过程中的条件。这适用于纸袋的密封也适用于塑料袋的密封。不过,对于塑料袋,焊缝质量更大程度地取决于密封条件,这是因为过于强力的密封会明显地增加例如切穿材料的危险性。因此,迄今为止,在设计用于纸袋的机器中采用塑料袋仍是一个问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种装置和方法,它能替代地或任选地装填和封闭纸袋和塑料袋。
该目的由具有权利要求1所述特征的设备以及具有权利要求16所述特征的方法来实现。本发明的较佳的具体实施例是从属权利要求的保护对象。
根据本发明的用于装填袋子的包装机包括至少一个用于装填袋子的装填嘴,以及至少一个用于特别是通过焊接来密封袋子的封闭装置。封闭装置包括至少两个封闭件,袋子在封闭件之间被密封。根据本发明,在封闭件之间施加的用于进行密封的接触压力是可改变的,特别是改变以适应当前采用的袋子材料的密封条件。
本发明具有许多优点。一个显著的优点是可调节的接触压力,因为这样就可调节和改变当前用于密封的条件。通过改变接触压力,可以将密封操作设置成较强或较弱,从而可对不同的袋子材料进行改变。较佳的是,该包装机用来装填阀口袋。
特别是,根据本发明的包装机用来对袋子装填干燥的散料。基本上所有类型的散料都是可以装袋的,诸如粉状、粒状或细粒状材料。该包装机特别适合和设置成用于对诸如水泥之类的建筑材料进行装袋。
本发明的一个更具体的实施例提供包括多个装填嘴的包装机,该包装机特别是安排和设置成是可转动的。转动式包装机设备可包括多个装填嘴,如6、8、12或16个、或者更多的装填嘴。转动架包装机或装填系统在将材料装填入袋子方面是十分高效率的。
可以考虑为每个特定的装填嘴提供独立的封闭装置。不过,可以为2、3或更多的装填嘴各设置一个公共的封闭装置。在这种情况下,尤佳的是,如果封闭装置的能力足够的话,为所有的装填嘴设置一个封闭装置。
根据较佳的构型,设置接触装置,用于在密封过程中以规定的接触压力将两个封闭件彼此压抵。该接触装置提供灵活调节在密封过程中施加的接触压力的简单和有利的方式。较佳的是,接触装置的接触压力可在至少两个压力级中改变,且低接触压力的压力级可进行例如塑料袋的较弱密封,而接触压力的第二级则用于密封纸袋。
也可考虑这两个压力级均为焊接塑料袋提供,其中,低压力级例如为较薄的袋子提供,而较高的压力级则为较厚的袋子或较结实材料提供。
接触装置的这种两级接触压力调节可明显更好地使密封条件适应当前材料的袋子材料。
因为在密封操作本身中就可以避免会造成废袋的焊穿或切穿,所以接触压力的可调节性使得根据本发明的包装机有更多用途的应用。接触压力的相应降低可独立于所采用的袋子材料而实现几乎理想的密封条件。
在本发明的更佳的具体实施例中,接触装置的接触压力是可连续变化的,以可为任何所希望的袋子材料提供理想的密封条件。接触压力的接触特性例如可在密封所要求的最小密封压力直至最大压力压力的范围内进行调节。
一个较佳实施例提供了利用压缩空气来操作的接触装置。为此目的,接触装置可设有压缩空气供应装置,该压缩空气供应装置包括用于设定所想要的接触压力的受控压力阀。
在另一实施例中,接触装置直接或间接地设有至少两个不同的压缩空气供应管线,通过这些压缩空气供应管线可将两个不同的压力级施加于接触装置。例如,接触装置可包括通过阀来连接或断开的两个压缩空气供应管线。以不同压力级加压的压缩空气供应管线然后将产生不同的接触压力。还可以附加地设置压力控制装置,用于在规定的限值内改变在所施加的压力。
在一些较佳的较特定的实施例中,封闭装置特别是包括超声波焊接装置,该超声波焊接装置特别是包括超声波发生器或称角状件和砧座。通过超声波发生器与砧座的相互作用,能可靠地密封放置在其间的袋子或袋子阀口。藉此,超声波发生器在密封过程中通过施加于超声波发生器的接触压力而被偏压。实际的密封过程通过超声波发生器的高频振动来进行,这样的高频振动致使有效密封压力局部增大。以这种方式,接触装置仅用来设定接触压力的基本级,而在整个密封过程中的压力则借助于超声波发生器来设定。
基本上,超声波发生器可用各种不同材料制成。较佳的是,它至少部分地用钛制成,且尤佳的是它完全用钛制成。
超声波发生器可包括包覆层。
在有利的较为特定的实施例中,超声波发生器的振动强度是可调节的,以通过改变振动强度来改变包覆过程中的压力。
或者,可以改变其它密封参数,以使密封条件适应当前所希望的调节。此外,较佳的是,焊接的持续时间适应当前所采用的袋子。如果采用超声波焊接装置,较佳的是,振幅和振动频率中的至少一个参数是可适应性地改变的。
较佳地较为特定的实施例提供可自动调节的接触装置。例如,通过规定或输入所采用的袋子材料,接触装置可自动进行调节。
在其它实施例中,可以设置传感器以自动检测当前所采用的袋子材料,并相对于其调节密封条件。
还考虑到,当采用新的袋子材料时,首先在不同接触压力下执行多次测试性密封,其中操作者或机器自动检测或选择并调节最合适的接触压力。
根据本发明的方法特别是用于装填袋子的包装机,其中通过至少一个装填嘴来装填袋子并采用封闭装置来密封袋子。根据本发明的方法,袋子的密封在两个封闭件之间进行,其中施加在封闭件之间的接触压力是可调节的。
该接触压力特别是通过接触装置来调节。接触压力的强度较佳的是可相对于袋子材料进行调节。
所有本发明的上述构型可替代地用于所要采用的冷焊接,其中袋子阀口或称袋子开口被冷加工以实现密封或连结。例如,可采用与另一封闭件协作的转动滚花轮,并压缩在其间行进的袋子阀口或袋子开口从而密封它们。同样,根据本发明,接触压力是可调节的,或者两个封闭件之间的基本距离可设定成在袋子阀口穿过它们行进时产生所希望的相应压力。
附图说明
从下面参照附图描述的示例性实施例中可获得本发明的其它优点和应用。
这些示于:
图1根据本发明的转动式包装机的示意性俯视图;
图2带有涡轮装填系统的包装机的侧视剖视详图;
图3带有气动装填系统的侧视剖视详图;
图4根据前述图的包装机的封闭单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出包装机1的示意性俯视图,该包装机1构造成转动式装料机,并包括壳体3和总共六个装填嘴12,这些装填嘴在圆周上均匀地分布。
与图1所示的不同,根据本发明的包装机1可包括更多或更少数量的装填嘴。在转动式构型的情况中,较佳的是采用多于两个的装填嘴,较佳的是6、8、10、12或16个装填嘴。另外,也可考虑其它不同的数目。
在如图1所示的包装机1的情况中,在放置位置B处将特别是构造为阀口袋13的袋子放置在装填嘴12上。尽管可以手动放置,但较佳的是借助于独立的自动馈送器(未示出)来放置,这样的馈送器可将阀口袋13放置或推送到装填嘴12上。
在图示实施例中的各装填嘴12设有围绕装填嘴的膨胀套环29。在将要装填的阀口袋13放置在装填嘴12上之后,充胀膨胀套环29,以使阀口袋13紧贴地安置在装填嘴12上。
在电动机33使装料机绕中心轴线11沿箭头A的方向转动时,对各阀口袋13进行单独地装填,并在装填过程中基本上连续地确定和监控每个阀口袋的重量。
当阀口袋13到达放出位置C并且其中装填了目标重量时,装填过程停止,并手动或自动地从包装机1中放出阀口袋。较佳的是,自动放出阀口袋,其中由平行四边形的袋架9(参见图2和3)支承袋子并将其抬升和推出。每个装填嘴12设有独立的袋架9。
或者,可以为所有的装填嘴12设置一个袋子放出设备9,则该袋子放出设备构造成是静止不转动的。
要装填物料特别是诸如建筑材料、水泥或其它细粒型或颗粒型物料的运输和装袋是借助于已知的装填方法来执行的。这例如较佳的是采用图2的实施例所示的借助于装填涡轮的装填方法,或者采用如图3实施例所示的借助于空气输送机来输送散料的装填方法。也考虑到可采用螺旋输送器或重力系统或用于输送要装填入阀口袋的物料的任何其它物料输送器来替代涡轮或空气运输系统。
在放出位置C处取走阀口袋13之后,借助于封闭单元14来封闭阀口袋13的阀口。封闭阀口袋13的阀口较佳的是采用超声波焊接方法,通过该方法在阀开口区域中的开口通过焊缝来紧密地密封,本封闭装置14构造为超声波焊接装置25。
通过焊接阀口袋13,可以可靠地防止任何材料在阀口袋13放出到放出带15上时从阀口袋中逃出,从而使得包装机1的环境清洁度得以提高。焊接的另一优点是可更好地保持目标袋重。此外,通过焊接,可以更好地抑制任何随后从袋子中取出物料的行为。
包装机1包括设有两个压缩空气缸19的接触装置18,该接触装置用于将两个封闭件16和17压向彼此。不是采用压缩空气缸,也可以经由其它电气、机械或磁性装置来施加接触压力,诸如通过电动机或通过弹簧或重力等。
接触装置18由控制装置45来控制。
根据本发明的包装机1的一个显著的优点在于:封闭装置14的这两个封闭件16和17的接触压力是可调节的,其中接触压力可适合于当前所想要的条件。特别是当处理纸袋和塑料袋时,这是一个很大的优点。
因为焊缝质量是耐久性和稳定性方面的一个主要的因素,所以对于任何要焊接的材料,严格遵守焊接条件基本上都是很重要的。不过,与处理纸袋相比,当采用塑料袋时,切穿或焊穿整个阀口的危险性要大得多,从而在密封塑料袋时应用与密封纸袋时的条件不同的条件是合理的。
最常用的焊接条件还有关所要焊接的塑料材料的类型。在这种情况下,本发明提供使当前焊接条件适应于理想条件的选项,以使废品减少并同时能轮流地装填塑料袋和纸袋而无需重置系统。以这种方式,甚至在工作中(甚至在袋子之间)都可以改变袋子的类型或接触压力,而无需重置或甚至是停止系统。
图2所示的包装机1构造为转动式包装机1或装料机2,它布置成借助于电动机32而可围绕中心轴线11转动。
本包装机1构造为所谓的涡轮装填机,这意味着用于要装填散料的驱动系统是涡轮42,该涡轮的动力借助于电驱动的电动机10或V形带来提供。
包装机1包括多个装填嘴12,各装填嘴与平行四边形型的袋架9相关联。各装填嘴还设有封闭单元14,该封闭单元14在本实施例中作为超声波封闭单元来工作并包括封闭件16和17,其中封闭件16构造为超声波发生器26,而封闭件17构造为砧座27。在本实施例中,超声波发生器26是静止不动的,而砧座27设置成可经由压缩空气缸19而移动。
包装机1的顶端设有压缩空气供应装置5和材料馈送装置6,并设有用于转动包装机1的电驱动装置32。经由材料馈送装置6供应的装填材料暂时地存储在料仓7中。
本实施例设有放置在各装填嘴上方的相关电路系统8。
与图2所示实施例不同,图3所示的包装机1不包括涡轮装填系统,而是包括籍助空气供应装置的输送系统。为此目的,在结构上基本上与图2的实施例相似的图3的包装机1被供应以空气,且空气通过空气供应管线32而供应至装填箱31,以使要装填的物料流动并将其输送入阀口袋13。在装填箱31上方设有压力室30,以支持向装填嘴12的方向输送装填材料。
为了在装填结束时停止馈送产品,可以设置滑门或例如格栅门来阻止材料馈送到装填管或装填嘴12。是选择滑门还是格栅门取决于具体应用,特别是所要装袋的产品。
图4是封闭装置14的放大图。封闭装置14包括两个封闭件16、17,其中封闭件16构造为至少部分、特别是全部用钛制成的超声波发生器26。
超声波封闭单元的封闭件17或称砧座27设置成可经由压力缸19移动,其中,通过施加合适的压力,它可以移离超声波发生器,或者通过施加合适的压力,它可移向超声波发生器,从而以规定的接触压力压抵在超声波发生器26上。为了防止在其间没有放置袋子的情况下进行焊接,设置包括触点35和36的短路监视器34。
为了进行焊接,通过给振荡器28供能而使超声波发生器以高频振动以执行焊接操作,该振荡器又经由供能装置37来供能。
各压力缸19直接或间接地经由压缩空气供应管线20、21和24而被供应以压缩空气,其中各供应管线可借助于阀39、40和41来致动。
通过将第一压力级22施加至压缩空气管线20,砧座以第一预定的压力级压抵在超声波发生器上。通过经由压缩空气供应管线21将第二压力级23施加至压力缸19,砧座27以不同于第一压力级22的第二压力级压抵在超声波发生器上。
根据本发明,可以为焊接工艺设定至少两个不同的接触压力,以可使接触压力灵活地适应当前所采用的袋子类型和当前的条件。
以这种方式,简单地致动阀40或41就可将接触压力设定成用于塑料袋或纸袋。压力级22和23的相应适应性同样允许对两种不同的塑料袋或两种不同的纸袋进行调节。基本上,同样可考虑设置压力控制阀,以为每个被装填的袋子提供一要施加到相应压力缸19上的相应压力级。
整个焊接操作和特定的阀39、40及41通过控制单元45来控制,该控制单元也是用于触点35和36的短路监视器。
为了缩回砧座27,对压力管线24施加压力以释放焊接好的袋子阀口。
图4所示的实施例包括分开的供应管线20和21以及用于两个压力缸的阀40和41。为了清楚起见,在右侧的压力缸没有示出将阀40、41与压力级22和23连接的管线。同样省略了在右侧的压力缸19的供应管线24。其它实施例可以仅设置一个压力缸19。
可以考虑,如图4的左侧所示,设置两个分开的供应管线20和21,以使接触压力直接通到压力缸19。也可以考虑仅设置一个供应管线以使接触压力通到压力缸19,该供应管线与多通阀或类似装置连接,以同样能对压力缸19可变地施加压力。
附图标记列表
1包装机 24压缩空气供应管线
2转动式装填系统 25超声波焊接装置
3壳体 26超声波发生器
5压缩空气馈送装置 27砧座
6产品馈送装置 28振荡器
7料仓 29膨胀套环
8电路系统 30压力室
9袋架 31装填箱
10驱动电动机 32空气馈送装置
11中心轴线 33驱动装置
12装填嘴 34短路监视
13阀口袋 35触点
14封闭装置 36触点
15放出带 37供能装置
16封闭件 39阀
17封闭件 40阀
18接触装置 41阀
19压力缸 42涡轮
20压缩空气供应管线 45控制单元
21压缩空气供应管线 A转动方向
22压力级 B放置位置
23压力级 C放出位置
Claims (16)
1.一种用于装填阀口袋(13)的包装机(1),该包装机包括至少一个用于装填所述阀口袋(13)的装填嘴(12),并包括至少一个用于密封所述阀口袋(13)的封闭装置(14),其中,所述封闭装置(14)包括至少两个封闭件(16、17),所述阀口袋(13)在所述封闭件之间被密封,其特征在于,在所述封闭件(16、17)之间产生的接触压力在密封过程中是可变的;
其中,设置接触装置(18),所述至少两个封闭件(16、17)借助于该接触装置(18)以规定的接触压力彼此压抵以进行密封,以及其中,所述接触装置(18)的所述接触压力在至少两个压力级中调节;
以及,其中当第一材料的阀口袋闭合时能够施加第一接触压力,当第二材料的阀口袋闭合时能够施加第二接触压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述包装机设置成可转动和/或包括多个装填嘴(12)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述接触装置(18)的所述接触压力是可连续变化的。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,通过压缩空气供应装置来操作所述接触装置(18)。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,对所述接触装置(18)施加至少两个不同的压力级。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述封闭装置(14)包括超声波焊接装置(14)。
7.如权利要求6所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述超声波焊接装置(14)包括超声波发生器(26)和砧座(27)。
8.如权利要求7所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述超声波发生器(26)至少部分地由钛构成。
9.如权利要求7所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述超声波发生器(26)包括包覆层。
10.如权利要求7所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述超声波发生器的振幅是可调节的,以对密封强度产生影响。
11.如权利要求7所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,所述超声波发生器的振动频率是可调节的,以对密封强度产生影响。
12.如权利要求7所述的包装机(1),其特征在于,密封的持续时间是可调节的,以对密封强度产生影响,。
13.一种操作用于装填阀口袋(13)的包装机(1)的方法,该包装机包括至少一个用于装填所述阀口袋(13)的装填嘴(12),并包括至少一个用于密封所述阀口袋(13)的封闭装置(14),其中,所述封闭装置(14)包括至少两个封闭件(16、17),所述阀口袋(13)在所述封闭件之间被密封,其特征在于,在所述封闭件(16、17)之间的接触压力在密封过程中是可调节的;
其中,所述至少两个封闭件(16、17)借助于接触装置(18)以规定的接触压力彼此压抵,其中,所述接触装置(18)的所述接触压力在至少两个压力级中调节;以及其中,当第一材料的阀口袋闭合时施加第一接触压力,当第二材料的阀口袋闭合时施加第二接触压力。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接触压力通过接触装置(18)来调节。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,在密封前对阀口袋(13)进行装填。
16.如权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于转动式装填系统来装填所述阀口袋(13),在所述装填系统中设有用于阀口袋(13)的超声波焊接装置。
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DE102008051023A1 (de) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-17 | Haver & Boecker Ohg | Packmaschine |
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DE102012016654A1 (de) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Haver & Boecker Ohg | Füllmaschine und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Füllmaschine |
JP6069174B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-02-01 | 東洋自動機株式会社 | 袋詰め包装機における超音波シール装置 |
CN115674784B (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-31 | 江西新明峰包装科技有限公司 | 一种内衬式阀口袋制作工艺 |
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DE3006129C2 (de) | 1980-02-19 | 1984-05-17 | Haver & Boecker, 4740 Oelde | Maschine zum Füllen und Verschließen von Säcken aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise von Seitenfaltensäcken oder Flachsäcken |
JP3762490B2 (ja) | 1996-09-14 | 2006-04-05 | 株式会社イシダ | 製袋包装機 |
DE10139193C1 (de) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-01-16 | Sonotronic Nagel Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines ein keilförmiges Ende aufweisenden Gegenstands aus einem Ausgangswerkstoff |
JP2004067177A (ja) | 2002-08-07 | 2004-03-04 | Toyo Jidoki Co Ltd | 超音波シール装置を用いた袋の真空包装方法及び超音波シール装置を備えた真空包装機 |
DE20305725U1 (de) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-07-10 | Haver & Boecker, 59302 Oelde | Rotierende Füllmaschine mit Verschließvorrichtung |
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