CN101253257A - 用于洗碟机的含有疏水改性聚羧酸盐的洗涤剂配料 - Google Patents
用于洗碟机的含有疏水改性聚羧酸盐的洗涤剂配料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101253257A CN101253257A CNA2006800318075A CN200680031807A CN101253257A CN 101253257 A CN101253257 A CN 101253257A CN A2006800318075 A CNA2006800318075 A CN A2006800318075A CN 200680031807 A CN200680031807 A CN 200680031807A CN 101253257 A CN101253257 A CN 101253257A
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZVUJVFQFNHRSY-OUTKXMMCSA-J tetrasodium;(2s)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC[C@@H](C([O-])=O)N(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UZVUJVFQFNHRSY-OUTKXMMCSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001479 tosylchloramide sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006000 trichloroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003487 xylose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于机器洗碟的不合磷酸盐的洗涤剂配料,其含有以下组分:a)1-20重量%的由以下组分形成的共聚物:a1)50-93摩尔%丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸的水溶性盐,a2)5-30摩尔%的甲基丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的水溶性盐,和a3)2-20摩尔%的至少一种式(I)的非离子性单体;b)1-50重量%的选自甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐中的络合剂;c)1-15重量%的低泡非离子表面活性剂;d)0-30重量%的漂白剂以及如果合适的漂白活化剂;e)0-60重量%的其它助洗剂;f)0-8重量%的酶;g)0-50重量%的一种或多种其它添加剂,例如阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂、漂白催化剂、碱性载体、腐蚀抑制剂、消泡剂、染料、香料、填料、有机溶剂和水,其中组分a)至g)的总和是100重量%。
Description
描述
本发明涉及一种用于机器洗碟的洗涤剂配料。
当在洗碟机中洗涤盘碟时,在洗涤循环的过程中从盘碟上洗掉了污垢,这些污垢由各种食品残渣组成,也包括脂肪和油类组分。被除去的污垢颗粒和组分在进一步洗涤的过程中在洗碟机的漂洗水中泵送循环。必须确保被除去的污垢颗粒能够被有效地分散和乳化,从而它们不会再次沉积到器皿上。
目前市场上的许多配料是基于磷酸盐的。所用的磷酸盐对于这种应用而言是理想的,因为它组合了在机器洗碟中所需的许多有用性能。其中之一是磷酸盐能分散水硬度(即,离子例如钙和镁离子的不溶性盐,它们会引起水硬度)。实际上,这种任务也可以通过机器的离子交换剂来实现。但是,大部分用于机器洗碟的产品目前是以所谓三合一的形式提供,其中不再需要离子交换剂的功能。在这种情况下,磷酸盐通常与膦酸盐组合使用,负责将水软化。另外,磷酸盐分散了被除去的污垢,因此防止了污垢在器皿上再次沉积。
在清洁组合物的情况下,许多国家已经出于环保原因而转换到完全不含磷酸盐的体系。同样对于机器洗碟的产品,也讨论是否应当转换到不含磷酸盐的产品。但是,在九十年代中期仍然在市场上销售的不含磷酸盐的产品在洗涤结果方面不再能满足目前的要求。现在,消费者需要没有缺陷、没有条纹、没有膜且没有水滴的碟子,优选不使用额外的漂洗助剂或用于离子交换剂的再生盐。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于机器洗碟的不含磷酸盐的洗涤剂配料。本发明的一个具体目的是提供能在不使用额外漂洗助剂的情况下得到没有条纹、没有膜和没有水滴的碟子的洗涤剂配料。
DE 102 25 594A1描述了含氧化烯单元的共聚物在洗衣洗涤剂和清洁组合物中的用途,以及含有这些共聚物的洗衣洗涤剂和清洁组合物。但是,没有描述这些聚合物与络合剂的组合。
DE 102 33 834A1描述了洗碟机用洗涤剂,其含有1-25重量%的含氧化烯单元的共聚物。其中也描述了除所述聚合物之外,洗碟机用洗涤剂还可以含有络合剂,优选使用EDTA。其中没有提到甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物和谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐。
现在,发现可以通过组合使用特定的疏水改性聚羧酸盐和特定的络合剂来代替磷酸盐。
在这种情况下,络合剂的任务是络合在漂洗水或食物残渣中存在的会引起水硬度的离子(钙离子和镁离子)。聚羧酸盐也具有结合钙的能力,并另外也能分散会引起水硬度的难溶性盐和在洗涤液中存在的污垢。惊奇地发现组合使用MGDA和GLDA与疏水改性聚羧酸盐时具有比EDTA更好的污垢抑制效果,即使它们对于Ca离子的络合物形成常数小于EDTA对于Ca离子的络合物形成常数。
因此,该目的通过用于机器洗碟的不含磷酸盐的洗涤剂配料来实现,其含有以下组分:
a)1-20重量%的由以下组分形成的共聚物:
a1)50-93.5摩尔%丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸的水溶性盐,
a2)5-30摩尔%的甲基丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的水溶性盐,和
a3)2-20摩尔%的至少一种式(I)的非离子性单体:
其中各变量各自如下定义:
R1是氢或甲基,
R2是化学键,或者未支化或支化的C1-C6亚烷基,
R3是相同或不同的、未支化或支化的C2-C4亚烷基,
R4是未支化或支化的C1-C6烷基,
n是3-50,
其中单体a1)至a3)以无规或嵌段方式共聚,
b)1-50重量%、优选5-40重量%的选自以下的络合剂:甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐,
c)1-15重量%、优选1-10重量%的低泡非离子表面活性剂,
d)0-30重量%、优选0-20重量%的漂白剂以及如果合适的漂白活化剂,
e)0-60重量%、优选0-40重量%的其它助洗剂,
f)0-8重量%、优选0-5重量%的酶,
g)0-50重量%、优选0.1-50重量%的一种或多种其它添加剂,例如阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂、漂白催化剂、碱性载体、腐蚀抑制剂、消泡剂、染料、香料、填料、有机溶剂和水,
组分a)至g)的总和是100重量%。
该配料可以作为片、粉末、凝胶、胶囊、挤出物或溶液加工。它们可以是用于家居应用或用于工业应用的配料。
所述目的也可以通过使用共聚物a)和络合剂b)组合作为用于机器洗碟用洗涤剂配料中的助洗剂体系来实现。所述助洗剂体系的任务是络合会引起水硬度的离子(钙离子和镁离子),这些离子存在于漂洗水或食物残渣中。
所述目的也可以通过使用共聚物a)和络合剂b)组合作为用于机器洗碟用洗涤剂配料中的污垢抑制剂来实现。
含氧化烯单元的共聚物a)包含作为共聚组分a1)和a2)的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸和/或这些酸的水溶性盐,特别是碱金属盐,例如钾盐和特别是钠盐,以及铵盐。
按照本发明使用的丙烯酸a1)在共聚物中的比例是50-93摩尔%,优选60-85摩尔%,更优选65-75摩尔%。
按照本发明使用的甲基丙烯酸a2)在共聚物中的比例是5-30摩尔%,优选10-25摩尔%,更优选15-25摩尔%。
作为组分a3),共聚物含有式(I)的非离子性单体:
其中各变量各自如下定义:
R1是氢或优选甲基,
R2是未支化或支化的C1-C6亚烷基,或优选是化学键,
R3是相同或不同的、未支化或支化的C2-C4亚烷基,特别是C2-C3亚烷基,尤其是亚乙基,
R4是未支化或支化的C1-C6烷基,优选C1-C2烷基,
n是3-50,优选5-40,更优选10-30。
单体(I)的特别合适的例子包括:甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚丁二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚(氧化丙烯/氧化乙烯)(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,乙氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基聚丁二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基聚(氧化丙烯/氧化乙烯)(甲基)丙烯酸酯,优选甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯和甲氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,特别优选甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯。
聚亚烷基二醇包含3-50个、特别是5-40个、尤其是10-30个氧化烯单元。
按照本发明使用的非离子性单体a3)在共聚物中的比例是2-20摩尔%,优选5-15摩尔%,更优选5-10摩尔%。
本发明中使用的共聚物的平均分子量Mw通常是3000-50,000,优选10,000-30,000,更优选15,000-25,000。
共聚物的K值通常是15-40,特别是20-35,尤其是27-30(在1重量%的水溶液中于25℃检测,按照H.Fikentscher,Cellulose-Chemie,第13卷,58-64和71-74页(1932))。
本发明中使用的共聚物可以通过单体的自由基聚合制备。可以通过所有公知的自由基聚合方法操作。除了本体聚合之外,可以特别提到溶液聚合和乳液聚合,优选溶液聚合。
聚合反应优选在作为溶剂的水中进行。但是,聚合反应也可以在醇溶剂中进行,特别是C1-C4醇,例如甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇,或这些溶剂与水的混合物。
合适的聚合引发剂是能以热和光化学(光引发剂)方式分解形成自由基的化合物。在可热活化的聚合引发剂中,优选分解温度在20-180℃、特别是50-90℃范围内的引发剂。合适的热引发剂的例子是无机过氧化合物和偶氮化合物。这些引发剂可以与还原性化合物组合,作为引发剂/还原剂体系使用。
如果需要的话,也可以使用聚合调节剂。合适的调节剂是本领域技术人员公知的化合物,例如硫化合物,例如巯基乙醇、硫代乙醇酸2-乙基己基酯、巯基乙酸和十二烷基硫醇。当使用聚合调节剂时,用量通常是0.1-15重量%,优选0.1-5重量%,更优选0.1-2.5重量%,基于单体a1)、a2)和a3)计。
聚合温度通常是30-200℃,优选50-150℃,更优选80-120℃。
聚合可以在大气压下进行,但是优选在形成的自生压力下在闭合体系中进行。
在制备本发明使用的共聚物a)的过程中,单体a1)、a2)和a3)可以原样使用,但是也可以使用在单体a3)的制备中获得的反应混合物。例如,代替甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯,可以使用在聚乙二醇单甲基醚与过量甲基丙烯酸的酯化反应中获得的单体混合物。有利的是,酯化反应也可以在现场在聚合混合物中通过平行地加入(1)丙烯酸、(2)甲基丙烯酸和聚乙二醇单甲基醚的混合物和(3)自由基引发剂而进行。如果合适的话,可以额外使用酯化反应所需的催化剂,例如甲磺酸或对甲苯磺酸。
本发明使用的共聚物a)也可以通过类似聚合物的反应制备,例如使丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸类的共聚物与聚亚烷基二醇单烷基醚反应。但是,优选单体的自由基共聚。
作为组分b),本发明的洗涤剂配料含有一种或多种选自以下的络合剂:甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐。优选的络合剂b)是甲基甘氨酸二乙酸和谷氨酸二乙酸;特别优选的络合剂b)是甲基甘氨酸二乙酸或其盐。
优选的甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物是在EP-A 0 845 456中描述的那些。合适的甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物是通式(II)的化合物:
其中
R是C1-C12烷基,和
M是碱金属,优选钠或钾,更优选钠。
R是C1-C12烷基,优选C1-C6烷基,更优选甲基或乙基。作为组分b),特别优选使用甲基甘氨酸二乙酸的碱金属盐(MGDA)。非常特别优选使用甲基甘氨酸二乙酸的三钠盐。
这些甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物的制备是公知的,描述在例如EP-A-0845 456以及其中引用的文献中。
作为组分c),本发明的洗涤剂配料含有低泡的或无泡的非离子表面活性剂。它们的存在比例通常是1-15重量%,优选1-10重量%。
合适的非离子表面活性剂包括通式(III)的表面活性剂
R1-(OCH2CHR2)p-(OCH2CHR3)m-OR4 (III)
其中R1是具有6-24个碳原子的直链或支化烷基,
R2和R3各自独立地是氢或具有1-16个碳原子的直链或支化烷基,其中R2≠R3,和
R4是具有1-8个碳原子的直链或支化烷基,
p和m各自独立地是0-300。优选p=1-50和m=0-30。
式(III)的表面活性剂可以是无规共聚物或具有一个或多个嵌段的嵌段共聚物。
另外,还可以使用由氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯构成的二嵌段和多嵌段共聚物,这些共聚物可以从商业获得,例如以商品名Pluronic(BASFAktiengesellschaft)或Tetronic(BASF Corporation)。另外,可以使用脱水山梨醇酯与氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯的反应产物。也合适的是氧化胺或烷基苷。适宜非离子表面活性剂的综述在EP-A 851 023和DE-A 198 19 187中给出。
该配料可以进一步含有阴离子、阳离子、两亲性或两性离子表面活性剂,优选作为与非离子表面活性剂的共混物使用。合适的阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂也在EP-A 851 023和DE-A 198 19 187中给出。合适的阳离子表面活性剂是例如C8-C16-二烷基二甲基卤化铵、二烷氧基二甲基卤化铵或具有长链烷基的咪唑盐。合适的两亲性表面活性剂是例如仲胺或叔胺的衍生物,例如C6-C18-烷基甜菜碱或C6-C15-烷基磺基甜菜碱,或氧化胺,例如烷基二甲基氧化胺。
作为组分d),本发明的洗涤剂配料可以含有漂白剂和如果合适的漂白活化剂。
漂白剂分为含氧漂白剂和含氯漂白剂。可以使用的含氧漂白剂是碱金属过硼酸盐和其水合物,以及碱金属过碳酸盐。在这里优选的漂白剂是单水合物或四水合物形式的过硼酸钠,过碳酸钠或过碳酸钠的水合物。
可以使用的含氧漂白剂还有过硫酸盐和过氧化氢。
典型的含氧漂白剂还有有机过酸,例如过苯甲酸、过氧基-α-萘甲酸、过氧基月桂酸、过氧基硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酰氨基过氧基-己酸、1,12-二过氧基十二烷二酸、1,9-二过氧基壬二酸、二过氧基间苯二甲酸或2-癸基二过氧基丁烷-1,4二酸。
另外,以下含氧漂白剂也可以用于洗涤剂配料中:阳离子过氧酸,描述在专利申请US 5,422,028、US 5,294,362和US 5,292,447中;磺酰基过氧酸,描述在专利申请US 5,039,447中。
含氧漂白剂的用量通常是0.5-30重量%,优选1-20重量%,更优选3-15重量%,基于洗涤剂配料的总量计。
同样,也可以使用含氯漂白剂以及含氯漂白剂与过氧漂白剂的组合。已知的含氯漂白剂是例如1,3-二氯-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲、N-氯磺酰胺、氯胺T、二氯胺T、氯胺B、N,N’-二氯苯甲酰基脲、N,N’-二氯-对甲苯磺酰胺或三氯乙基胺。优选的含氯漂白剂是次氯酸钠、次氯酸钙、次氯酸钾、次氯酸镁、二氯异氰脲酸钾或二氯异氰脲酸钠。
含氯漂白剂的用量通常是0.1-20重量%,优选0.2-10重量%,更优选0.3-8重量%,基于洗涤剂配料的总量计。
另外,可以加入少量的漂白稳定剂,例如膦酸盐、硼酸盐、偏硼酸盐、硅酸盐或镁盐。
漂白活化剂是在过水解条件下能得到具有优选1-10个碳原子、特别是2-4个碳原子的脂族过氧羧酸和/或取代的过苯甲酸的那些化合物。合适的化合物含有一个或多个N-或O-酰基和/或任选取代的苯甲酰基,例如选自酸酐、酯、酰亚胺、酰化咪唑或肟的物质。例子是四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED)、四乙酰基亚甲基二胺(TAMD)、四乙酰基甘脲(TAGU)、四乙酰基己二胺(TAHD);N-酰基酰亚胺,例如N-壬酰基琥珀酰亚胺(NOSI);酰基化苯酚磺酸盐,例如正壬酰基-或异壬酰基-氧基苯磺酸盐(n-和iso-NOBS);五乙酰基葡萄糖(PAG),1,5-二乙酰基-2,2-二氧杂六氢-1,3,5-三嗪(DADHT)或N-羧氨基苯甲酸酐(ISA)。
也适合作为漂白活化剂的是腈的季化物,例如N-甲基吗啉-乙腈盐(MMA盐)或三甲基铵-乙腈盐(TMAQ盐)。
优选的漂白活化剂是选自聚酰基化亚烷基二胺,更优选TAED;N-酰基酰亚胺,更优选NOSI;酰基化苯酚磺酸盐,更优选n-或iso-NOBS;MMA和TMAQ。
另外,以下物质也可以在洗涤剂配料中用作漂白活化剂:
羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸酐;酰基化多元醇,例如三醋精、乙二醇二乙酸酯或2,5-二乙酰氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃;DE-A 196 16 693和DE-A 196 16 767公开的烯醇酯,以及EP-A 525 239中描述的酰化山梨糖醇和甘露醇和/或它们的混合物;酰化蔗糖衍生物,特别是五乙酰基葡萄糖(PAG)、五乙酰基果糖、四乙酰基木糖和八乙酰基乳糖,以及酰化的、任选N-酰化的葡糖胺和葡糖酸内酯,和/或N-酰化的内酰胺,例如N-苯甲酰基己内酰胺,描述在文献WO 94/27 970、WO 94/28 102、WO94/28 103、WO95/00 626、WO 95/14 759和WO 95/17 498中;
可以使用在DE-A 196 16 769中列出的被亲水取代的酰基缩醛以及在DE-A 196 16 770和WO 95/14 075中描述的酰基内酰胺,就如从DE-A 4443 177知道的常规漂白活化剂的组合一样。
漂白活化剂的用量通常是0.1-10重量%,优选1-9重量%,更优选1.5-8重量%,基于洗涤剂配料的总量计。
作为组分e),本发明的洗涤剂配料可以含有其它助洗剂。可以使用水溶性和水不溶性的助洗剂,其主要任务是结合钙和镁。
其它使用的助洗剂可以是:
低分子量的羧酸及其盐,例如碱金属柠檬酸盐,特别是无水柠檬酸三钠或柠檬酸三钠二水合物、碱金属琥珀酸盐、碱金属丙二酸盐、脂肪酸磺酸盐、氧基二琥珀酸盐、烷基或链烯基二琥珀酸盐、葡糖酸、氧杂二乙酸酯、羧基甲氧基琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐单琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐二琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐单乙酸盐、酒石酸盐二乙酸盐、α-羟基丙酸;
氧化淀粉,氧化多糖;
聚羧酸均聚物和共聚物以及它们的盐,例如聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、马来酸和丙烯酸的共聚物;
单烯属不饱和单和/或二羧酸在单糖、低聚糖、多糖、氨基聚羧酸或聚天冬氨酸上的接枝聚合物;
膦酸盐,例如2-膦酰基-1,2,4-丁烷三羧酸、氨基三(亚甲基膦酸)、1-羟基亚乙基(1,1-二膦酸)、乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸、六亚甲基二胺四亚甲基膦酸或二亚甲基三胺五亚甲基膦酸;
硅酸盐,例如二硅酸钠和硅酸钠;
水不溶性助洗剂,例如沸石和结晶片状硅酸盐。
作为组分f),本发明的洗涤剂配料含有一种或多种酶。可以向洗涤剂中加入基于配料总量计的0-8重量%的酶,从而提高洗涤剂的性能或确保在温和条件下同样品质的清洁性能。所用的酶通常包括脂酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶。另外,也可以例如使用酯酶、果胶酶、乳糖酶和过氧酶。
本发明的洗涤剂可以另外含有其它添加剂作为组分g),例如阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂、漂白催化剂、碱性载体、腐蚀抑制剂、消泡剂、染料、香料、填料、有机溶剂和水。
除了或代替上述常规的漂白活化剂,还可以使用EP-A 446 982和EP-A453 003中公开的磺基亚胺和/或在本发明洗涤剂配料中存在的已知为漂白催化剂的那些促进漂白的过渡金属盐或过渡金属配合物。
有用的过渡金属化合物包括例如DE-A 195 29 905中公开的锰-、铁-、钴-、钌-或钼-salen配合物,以及DE-A 196 20 267中公开的N-类似化合物,DE-A 195 36 082中公开的锰-、铁-、钴-、钌-或钼-羰基配合物,DE-A 19605 688中公开的具有含氮三角配体的锰、铁、钴、钌、钼、钛、钒和铜配合物,DE-A 196 20 411中公开的钴-、铁-、铜-和钌-胺配合物,DE-A 44 16438中公开的锰、铜和钴配合物,EP-A 272 030中描述的钴配合物,EP-A693 550中描述的锰配合物,EP-A 392 592中公开的锰、铁、钴和铜配合物,和/或EP-A443 651、EP-A458 397、EP-A458 398、EP-A549 271、EP-A549272、EP-A544 490和EP-A544 519中描述的锰配合物。漂白活化剂和过渡金属漂白催化剂的组合可以从例如DE-A 196 13 103和WO 95/27 775中得知。
含有1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷(TMTACN)的双核锰配合物、例如[(TMTACN)2MnIVMnIV(μ-O)3]2+(PF6 -)2也适合作为有效的漂白活化剂。这些锰配合物同样描述在上述文献中。
优选的漂白催化剂是能促进漂白的过渡金属配合物或盐,选自锰的盐和配合物,以及钴的盐和配合物。更优选的是钴(胺)配合物,钴(乙酸盐)配合物,钴(羰基)配合物,钴或锰的氯化物,硫酸锰或[(TMTACN)2MnIVMnIV(μ-O)3]2+(PF6 -)2。
漂白催化剂的用量通常是0.0001-5重量%,优选0.0025-1重量%,更优选0.01-0.25重量%,基于洗涤剂配料总量计。
作为洗涤剂配料的其它组分,可以存在碱性载体。碱性载体是铵和/或碱金属的氢氧化物,铵和/或碱金属的碳酸盐,铵和/或碱金属的碳酸氢盐,铵和/或碱金属的倍半碳酸盐,铵和/或碱金属的硅酸盐,铵和/或碱金属的二硅酸盐,铵和/或碱金属的偏硅酸盐,以及上述物质的混合物,优选使用铵和/或碱金属的碳酸盐,特别是碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或倍半碳酸钠以及β-和δ-二硅酸钠Na2SiO5·yH2O。
所用的腐蚀抑制剂可以是选自三唑、苯并三唑、双苯并三唑、氨基三唑、烷基氨基三唑以及过渡金属盐或配合物中的银保护剂。特别优选使用苯并三唑和/或烷基氨基三唑。另外,能显著降低银表面腐蚀的含氯活性试剂通常用于洗涤剂配料中。在不含氯的洗涤剂中,优选使用含氧和含氮的有机氧化还原活性化合物,例如二酚和三酚,例如氢醌、邻苯二酚、羟基氢醌、鞣酸、间苯三酚、连苯三酚以及这些化合物的衍生物。也通常使用盐和配合物类型的无机化合物,例如金属Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Co和Ce的盐。优选过渡金属盐,选自锰和/或钴的盐和/或配合物,更优选钴(胺)配合物,钴(乙酸盐)配合物,钴(羰基)配合物,钴或锰的氯化物和硫酸镁。也可以使用锌化合物或铋化合物来防止器皿、特别是玻璃被腐蚀。
石蜡油和硅油可以任选地用作消泡剂,用于保护塑料和金属表面。消泡剂的用量通常是0.001-5重量%。另外,染料(例如专利蓝)、防腐剂(例如Kathon CG)、香水和其它香料可以加入本发明的洗涤剂配料中。
合适的填料例如是硫酸钠。
本发明还提供用于机器洗碟用洗涤剂配料中的混合粉末或混合颗粒,其由以下组分组成:
a)10-95重量%的上述由组分a1)、a2)和若合适的a3)和a4)组成的共聚物,
b)5-80重量%的选自以下的络合剂:甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐,
和如果合适的话,
c)0-20重量%的聚乙二醇、非离子表面活性剂或它们的混合物。
作为组分c),可以使用聚乙二醇,更优选具有500-30,000g/mol的平均分子量(重均分子量)。
用作组分c)的聚乙二醇优选具有OH端基和/或C1-6烷基端基。在本发明的混合物中,特别优选使用具有OH端基和/或甲基端基的聚乙二醇作为组分c)。
聚乙二醇的分子量(重均分子量)优选是1000-5000g/mol,最优选1200-2000g/mol。
适合用作组分c)的化合物是非离子表面活性剂。这些化合物优选选自烷氧基化伯醇、烷氧基化脂肪醇、烷基苷、烷氧基化脂肪酸烷基酯、氧化胺和聚羟基脂肪酸酰胺。
所用的非离子表面活性剂优选是烷氧基化的,有利地是乙氧基化的,特别是优选具有8-18个碳原子和平均1-12mol环氧乙烷(EO)/mol醇的伯醇,其中醇基团可以是直链的或优选是2-甲基支化的,或可以含有混合形式的直链和支化基团,如通常存在于羰基合成醇基团中的那样。但是,特别优选醇乙氧基化物,其具有来自含12-18个碳原子的天然来源醇的直链基团,例如来自椰油醇、棕榈醇、牛油脂肪醇或油基醇,并具有平均2-8个EO/mol醇。优选的乙氧基化醇包括例如具有3EO、4EO或7EO的C12-14醇,具有7EO的C9-11醇,具有3EO、5EO、7EO或8EO的C13-15醇,具有3EO、5EO或7EO的C12-18醇,以及它们的混合物,例如具有3EO的C12-14醇与具有7EO的C12-14醇的混合物。乙氧基化度是统计平均值,其可以对于特定产品而言是整数或分数。优选的醇乙氧基化物具有窄的同系物分布(“窄范围乙氧基化物”,NRE)。
本发明的混合粉末或混合颗粒如下制备:将组分a)、b)和c)作为粉末混合,将混合物加热,并在随后的冷却和成型工艺中调节粉末性能。
也可以将组分a)和b)与已经熔融的组分c)一起造粒,并随后冷却它们。随后的固化和成型按照熔融加工的公知方法进行,例如通过造粒或在冷却带上,以及如果需要的话,用于调节粉末性能的下游步骤,例如研磨和筛分。
本发明的混合粉末或混合颗粒也可以如下制备:将组分a)、b)和c)溶解于溶剂中,并将所得的混合物喷雾干燥,然后可以是造粒步骤。在这种情况下,组分a)至c)可以分别溶解,在这种情况下将这些溶液随后混合;或者这些组分的粉末混合物可以溶于水中。所用的溶剂可以是任何能溶解组分a)、b)和c)的那些溶剂,优选使用例如醇和/或水,更优选水。
下面通过实施例详细说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1-6和对比例C1-C9
在配有氮气供应、回流冷凝器和计量装置的反应器中,在供应氮气和进行搅拌的同时将619g蒸馏水和2.2g亚磷酸的混合物加热到100℃的内部温度。然后,平行地在5小时内连续加入(1)123.3g丙烯酸和368.6g蒸馏水的混合物、(2)18.4g过氧二硫酸钠和164.6g蒸馏水的混合物、(3)72.0g水、49.1g甲基丙烯酸和166.9g甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(Mw=1100)的混合物以及(4)46g的40重量%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液。于100℃再搅拌2小时后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,并通过加入190g的50重量%氢氧化钠溶液调节到7.2的pH。
获得了共聚物的略黄色透明溶液,具有25.7重量%的固含量和27.2的K值(1重量%水溶液,25℃)。
为了检测本发明的共聚物与络合剂的组合,使用以下配料(表1):
表1:
配料 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
组分 | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] |
甲基甘氨酸二乙酸,Na盐 | 22.2 | 13 | 12.4 | |||
谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸,Na盐 | 22.2 | |||||
乙二胺四乙酸,Na盐 | 13 | 22.2 | ||||
柠檬酸钠·2H2O | 11.1 | 11.1 | 26 | 24.7 | 26 | 11.1 |
碳酸钠 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 35.6 |
碳酸氢钠 | 24 | 22.9 | 24 | |||
二硅酸钠(xNa2O·ySiO2;x/y=2.65,80%) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
过碳酸钠(Na2CO3·1.5H2O2) | 11.1 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 11.1 |
四亚乙酰基二胺(TAED) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
基于脂肪醇烷氧基化物的低泡非离子表面活性剂 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
共聚物 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 9.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
在以下实验条件下进行实验:
洗碟机:Miele G 686 SC
洗涤循环:2个洗涤循环,55℃,正常(没有预先洗)
器皿:刀(WMF Berlin餐刀,单层)和玻璃杯(Matador,RuhrKristall);塑料盘(Kayser SAN盘);重盘:6个黑色甜品盘
漂洗温度:65℃
水硬度:14°GH(对应于250mg碳酸钙/kg)或25°GH(对应于445mg碳酸钙/kg)
在一些实验中,在每种情况下将50g的IKW沙土按照SFW-Journal,124,14/98第1029页所述在实验开始时加入洗碟机中。
表2列出了实施例1-6和对比例C1-C9的实验条件:
表2:
实施例 | 配料 | 水硬度[°GH] | 沙土 | 聚合物 |
1 | 1 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C1 | 1 | 25 | 无 | 无 |
C2 | 6 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
2 | 2 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C3 | 2 | 25 | 无 | 无 |
3 | 1 | 25 | 有 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C4 | 1 | 25 | 有 | 无 |
C5 | 6 | 25 | 有 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
4 | 1 | 14 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C6 | 1 | 14 | 无 | 无 |
5 | 3 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C7 | 3 | 25 | 无 | 聚丙烯酸钠盐(Mw8000) |
C8 | 5 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
6 | 4 | 25 | 无 | 来自DE 102 25 594的共聚物 |
C9 | 4 | 25 | 无 | 聚丙烯酸钠盐(Mw8000) |
在清洁后18小时在光箱中使用10(非常好)到1(非常差)的标准目测评价器皿,该光箱具有黑色涂层、卤素点光和带孔的板。最高评分10对应于没有膜和没有滴液的表面;从小于3的评分开始,即使在正常光线下也能看到膜和滴液,因此被认为是不可接受的。
洗涤实验的结果汇总在表3中。
评价(评分) | |||
实施例 | 刀 | 玻璃 | 塑料 |
1 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 1.7 |
C1 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.7 |
C2 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
2 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 1.7 |
C3 | 1 | 1 | 1.7 |
3 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 1.7 |
C4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.3 |
C5 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 1.7 |
4 | 6 | 5.8 | 1.7 |
C6 | 1 | 3.4 | 4.2 |
5 | 7.5 | 7 | 1.7 |
C7 | 5 | 5 | 1.7 |
C8 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
6 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 1.7 |
C9 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 1.7 |
这些实验表明组合使用本发明共聚物和所选择的络合剂能够显著减少成膜,特别是在玻璃和不锈钢上。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于机器洗碟的不含磷酸盐的洗涤剂配料,其含有以下组分:
a)1-20重量%的由以下组分形成的共聚物:
a1)50-93摩尔%丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸的水溶性盐,
a2)5-30摩尔%的甲基丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的水溶性盐,和
a3)2-20摩尔%的至少一种式(I)的非离子性单体:
其中各变量各自如下定义:
R1是氢或甲基,
R2是化学键,或者未支化或支化的C1-C6亚烷基,
R3是相同或不同的、未支化或支化的C2-C4亚烷基,
R4是未支化或支化的C1-C6烷基,
n是3-50,
其中单体a1)至a3)以无规或嵌段方式共聚,
b)1-50重量%的选自以下的络合剂:甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐,
c)1-15重量%的低泡非离子表面活性剂,
d)0-30重量%的漂白剂以及如果合适的漂白活化剂,
e)0-60重量%的其它助洗剂,
f)0-8重量%的酶,
g)0-50重量%的一种或多种其它添加剂,例如阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂、漂白催化剂、碱性载体、腐蚀抑制剂、消泡剂、染料、香料、填料、有机溶剂和水,
组分a)至g)的总和是100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1的不含磷酸盐的洗涤剂配料,其中络合剂b)是甲基甘氨酸二乙酸和/或其盐。
3.一种用于机器洗碟用洗涤剂配料中的混合粉末或混合颗粒,其由以下组分组成:
a)10-95重量%的权利要求1的由组分a1)、a2)和a3)组成的共聚物,
b)5-80重量%的选自以下的络合剂:甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐,
c)0-20重量%的聚乙二醇、非离子表面活性剂或它们的混合物。
4.权利要求1的由组分a1)、a2)和a3)组成的共聚物与选自甘氨酸-N,N-二乙酸衍生物、谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸以及它们的盐中的络合剂组合用作在机器洗碟用洗涤剂配料中的污垢抑制剂的用途。
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DE102005041347.1 | 2005-08-31 | ||
DE102005041347A DE102005041347A1 (de) | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Reinigungsformulierungen für die maschinelle Geschirrreinigung enthaltend hydrophil modifizierte Polycarboxylate |
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CN101253257A true CN101253257A (zh) | 2008-08-27 |
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US (2) | US8193139B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1924675B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2009506183A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101363153B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101253257A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE487783T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0614939A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2620240C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE102005041347A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2355523T5 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007025944A1 (zh) |
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CN111788293A (zh) * | 2018-02-23 | 2020-10-16 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 包含氨基多羧酸盐和有机酸的洗涤剂固体组合物 |
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-
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- 2005-08-31 DE DE102005041347A patent/DE102005041347A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2006-08-28 US US12/063,036 patent/US8193139B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-28 EP EP06778368.8A patent/EP1924675B2/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-28 ES ES06778368.8T patent/ES2355523T5/es active Active
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- 2006-08-28 KR KR1020087004328A patent/KR101363153B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-28 WO PCT/EP2006/065711 patent/WO2007025944A1/de active Application Filing
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- 2006-08-28 CN CNA2006800318075A patent/CN101253257A/zh active Pending
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110741070A (zh) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-01-31 | 可泰克斯公司 | 无磷酸盐的聚合物洗涤剂组合物 |
CN110741070B (zh) * | 2017-06-16 | 2021-11-26 | 可泰克斯公司 | 无磷酸盐的聚合物洗涤剂组合物 |
CN111788293A (zh) * | 2018-02-23 | 2020-10-16 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 包含氨基多羧酸盐和有机酸的洗涤剂固体组合物 |
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ATE487783T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
ES2355523T3 (es) | 2011-03-28 |
US8440601B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
EP1924675A1 (de) | 2008-05-28 |
US8193139B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
EP1924675B2 (de) | 2015-07-29 |
DE102005041347A1 (de) | 2007-03-01 |
KR101363153B1 (ko) | 2014-02-13 |
DE502006008293D1 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
CA2620240C (en) | 2014-04-01 |
US20120122748A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
WO2007025944A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
ES2355523T5 (es) | 2015-09-21 |
EP1924675B1 (de) | 2010-11-10 |
US20100160203A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
JP2009506183A (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
CA2620240A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
BRPI0614939A2 (pt) | 2013-01-01 |
KR20080041217A (ko) | 2008-05-09 |
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