CN101247800B - 抗过敏剂 - Google Patents

抗过敏剂 Download PDF

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CN101247800B
CN101247800B CN2006800308177A CN200680030817A CN101247800B CN 101247800 B CN101247800 B CN 101247800B CN 2006800308177 A CN2006800308177 A CN 2006800308177A CN 200680030817 A CN200680030817 A CN 200680030817A CN 101247800 B CN101247800 B CN 101247800B
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狩野宏
池上秀二
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Abstract

本发明者发现医药品和食品中使用的维生素K3及维生素K5或使有用的双歧杆菌增殖的物质ACNQ及DHNA等能抑制嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株的脱颗粒,具有较强的脱颗粒抑制作用,可用作抗过敏剂和食品。本发明提供将选自2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌、1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸、1,4-萘醌、4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚、2-甲基-1,4-萘醌以及2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌及它们的盐的1种或2种以上作为有效成分的抗过敏剂。

Description

抗过敏剂 
技术领域
本发明涉及具有β-氨基己糖苷酶(β-hexosaminidase)游离抑制活性、缓和过敏症状的抗过敏剂。 
背景技术
近年来,因特定的花粉、食物等而出现过敏症状的人的增加已成为社会问题,能缓和所出现的过敏症状的抗过敏剂和食品的开发已在进行。 
作为过敏症状的的治疗法,大致分为给与甾类激素等的甾类疗法、抗组胺剂等的非甾类疗法。甾类疗法对过敏症状的缓和非常有效,但若长期给药,可见骨质疏松、白内障、血栓症等副作用。 
作为过敏症状的机制,已知在嗜碱性白细胞、肥大细胞等颗粒状白细胞中存在组胺等各种化学介质,存在于这些细胞表面上的特定部位受到抗原的刺激,引起脱颗粒现象,从而化学介质被释放到细胞外,由于化学介质的释放,诱发喷嚏、鼻涕、眼泪、皮炎、哮喘等过敏症状。 
上述过敏症状的机制已被阐明,除了减少IgE量,人们正在探索并研究从天然提取物等中得到非甾类疗法的药剂,以所述药剂抑制当肥大细胞和嗜碱性白细胞的细胞表面上表达的高亲和性IgE受体(FcεRI)与IgE结合后进一步因抗原而交联时引起的肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的脱颗粒。 
例如,可列举作为山竹的果皮提取物的α-或γ-倒捻子素(参照专利文献1)、作为茶提取物的表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯(参照非专利文献1)、作为霉菌的一种的卵形孢霉属菌株产生的作为二苯酮衍生物的硫赭曲菌素(スロクリン)(参照专利文献2)、从唇形科植物提取的作为双萜的一种的弗司扣林(フオルスコリン)(参照专利文献3)、从泰国产红豆蔻(A.galanga)的干燥根茎提取的类苯丙烷类(参照非专利文献2)等。 
专利文献1:日本专利特开2000-116356号公报 
专利文献2:日本专利特开平8-92082号公报 
专利文献3:日本专利特开2003-252786号公报 
非专利文献1:Maeda等,The Journal of Immunology,2004年,172卷,p.4486-4492 
非专利文献2:吉川等,文部科学省高科技研究中心整备事业;平成14·15年度研究成果报告书,-生药学-,“泰国天然药物Khaa的抗过敏作用成分”,[在线],平成16年4月,京都药科大学,[平成17年8月2日检索],因特网<URL:http://www.kyoto-phu.ac.jp/hitech/a5.pdf> 
发明的揭示 
但是,以往的抗过敏剂存在有效性不充分、有副作用等问题。因此,本发明的目的在于提供新型的抗过敏剂。 
若在抗体IgE与FcεRI结合后也能抑制肥大细胞和嗜碱性白细胞的脱颗粒,则可直接缓和过敏症状。作为细胞株的脱颗粒抑制的指标,可使用β-氨基己糖苷酶(LB Schwartz,KF Austen和SI Wasserman,Immunologic release ofbeta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase from purified rat serosal mast cells,J.Immunol.,(1979)123:p.1445-1450,以及非专利文献2),因此本发明者将萘醌类作为被测物,对于嗜碱性白细胞细胞株的脱颗粒抑制以β-氨基己糖苷酶释放抑制活性以及50%β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制浓度(IC50)为指标进行了研究,结果发现特定的萘醌类具有较强的脱颗粒抑制作用,可用作抗过敏剂。 
即,本发明提供将选自2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌、1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸、1,4-萘醌、4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚、2-甲基-1,4-萘醌以及2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌及它们的盐的1种或2种以上作为有效成分的抗过敏剂。 
本发明的萘醌类具有较强的脱颗粒抑制作用,因而可用作抗过敏剂。 
附图的简单说明 
图1表示ACNQ的β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放率。 
图2表示DHNA的β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放率。 
图3表示PCA反应中的ACNQ给药组(实施例7)、CMC钠给药组(比较例4)以及PCA不发生组(比较例5)的耳廓漏出伊文思蓝量。*P<0.05,t测验,与对照组(CMC钠给药组(比较例4))比较。 
实施发明的最佳方式 
下面,详细说明本发明。 
本发明的抗过敏剂的有效成分是选自2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌(2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone、ACNQ)、1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid、DHNA)、1,4-萘醌(1,4-naphthoquinone)、2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone、维生素K3)、4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚(4-amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol、维生素K5)、2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌(2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone)以及它们的盐的1种或2种以上。更优选为2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌(ACNQ)、1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(DHNA)。 
作为这些成分的盐,优选为医药品上或食品上能允许的盐。例如,可列举钠、钾、锂等碱金属的盐,钙、镁、锰等碱土金属的盐,盐酸、硫酸等的酸加成盐等。 
这些成分均为已知的化合物,例如维生素K3和维生素K5也用于医药品和食品中。另外,已知ACNQ和DHNA是使有用的双歧杆菌增殖的物质,安全性高(日本专利特开平7-289273、日本专利特开平10-36328、日本专利特开2003-89683以及日本专利特开2004-210676)。 
上述萘醌类具有较强的脱颗粒抑制作用,且安全性也高,因而可用作抗过敏剂。作为本发明中针对的过敏症状,可列举过敏性鼻炎、过敏性皮炎、哮喘、喷嚏、鼻涕、眼泪、发痒(瘙痒)等。 
本发明的抗过敏剂可单独或制成与其他医药、任意的制剂用载体和稀释剂混合而得的任意剂型作为医药品使用。另外,本发明的抗过敏剂可以在各种食品中配合,能作为抗过敏食品、特别是标注有缓和过敏症状的内容的食品使用。 
上述成分在医药品或食品中的含量没有特殊限制,通常以0.01~1 00重量%为宜,优选为0.1~50重量%。 
作为本发明的抗过敏剂的制造方法,可以通过利用上述成分在医药品或食品中各自的一般制造方法,直接混合、分散后,加工成所需的形态,从而获得本发明的抗过敏剂。制造时,可分别添加作为医药品或食品所允许的载体或稀释剂等。具体而言,分别添加作为医药品或食品所允许的公知的溶剂、增溶剂、等渗剂、保存剂、抗氧化剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、乳化剂以及稳定剂等。 
作为抗过敏剂,例如利用口服给药形态或肌肉内、皮下、静脉内、下部体腔、皮肤等非口服给药等给药形态,可列举口服剂、滴眼剂、注射剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、栓剂等。作为口服剂,可列举例如片剂、颗粒剂、细粒剂、硬胶囊剂、 软胶囊剂、散剂、含片剂、口服液体制剂等。 
另外,作为抗过敏食品,可列举例如糖果、水果糖、口香糖、胶囊丸、片剂、清凉饮料、点心、冷冻点心、乳制品、面包类、米饭类、谷物类以及肉类等。 
本发明的抗过敏剂的给药量或摄取量不受特殊限制,以上述成分计,优选成人每日0.005~500mg。 
实施例 
<基于细胞株的脱颗粒的诱导> 
在本实施例中,通过测定β-氨基己糖苷酶的活性,评价细胞的脱颗粒。方法如下所述。将嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株RBL-2H3(人类科学研究资源库)用含10%胎牛血清的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(Dulbecco’s modified eaglemedium:DMEM;吉伯科公司(Gibco))悬浮,以2.5×105细胞/mL在0.1μg/mL的抗二硝基苯基(DNP)-IgE抗体(西格马公司(SIGMA))的存在下,用96孔板在37℃孵育一晚。 
将制备的嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株RBL-2H3用磷酸缓冲液(PBS)洗涤后,在各浓度的被测物(实施例1~6以及比较例1~3)存在下,于37℃孵育30分钟。此时的各浓度分别是,ACNQ为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5μM,DHNA为20、30、40、60、80μM,2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(维生素K3)为60、70、80、90、100μM,4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚(维生素K5)为10、20、30、40、50μM,1,4-萘醌为10、20、30、40、50μM,2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌为3、4、5、6、7μM,维生素K1为50、100μM,维生素K2为25、50、100μM,1,3-萘二酚(1,3-naphthalenediol)为50、100μM。 
将经过孵育的嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株RBL-2H3用PBS洗涤后,在1μg/mL的DNP-BSA(LSL公司(エル·エス·エル))的存在下,再于37℃孵育1小时。孵育后,收集上清液,测定上清液中含有的β-氨基己糖苷酶活性。另外,对于细胞内残留的β-氨基己糖苷酶的活性,将残留的细胞用0.1%聚氧乙烯(10)辛基苯基醚/DMEM溶解,同样地测定β-氨基己糖苷酶活性。 
<β-氨基己糖苷酶的活性测定> 
将得到的上清液以及细胞的溶解液以50μL/孔在96孔板中添加后,以50μL/孔添加作为底物的2mM对硝基苯基-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡糖苷(西格马公司(SIGMA))。在37℃下孵育2小时后,以150μL/孔添加停止液(1M Tris,pH9.0),用平板阅读仪(plate reader)测定415nm处的吸光度。通过下式算出β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率(%),评价脱颗粒。 
β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率(%) 
=100×(上清液的OD415)/(上清液的OD415+溶解细胞的OD415
<β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制试验> 
与上述同样地测定了上清液的β-氨基己糖苷酶活性,测定各实施例1~6及比较例1~3的被测物的嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株RBL-2H3的上清液的β-氨基己糖苷酶活性,求出50%β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制浓度(IC50)。 
<实施例1~2> 
实施例1~2分别以2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌(ACNQ)、1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthsaisyuoic acid,DHNA,和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))为被测物,用上述方法进行β-氨基己糖苷酶的活性测定以及β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制试验。 
<实施例3~6、比较例1~3> 
实施例3~6分别以维生素K3(2-甲基-1,4-萘醌,和光纯药工业)、维生素K5(4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚,和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))、1,4-萘醌(和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))、2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌(和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))为被测物,用上述方法进行β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制试验。 
比较例1~3分别以维生素K1(叶绿醌,和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))、维生素K2(甲基萘醌类,西格马公司(SIGMA))以及1,3-萘二酚(和光纯药工业株式会社(和光純薬工業))为被测物,用上述方法进行β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制试验。 
由图1和2所示可知,2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌(ACNQ)(实施例1)为0.4μM时,或1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(DHNA)(实施例2)为60μM以上时,能将β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放率抑制到不添加被测物(0μM)时的约20%。 
下述表1中记载各被测物(实施例1~6及比较例1~3)的50%β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制浓度(IC50)。 
被测物中,2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌(ACNQ)显示极强的活性,IC50为0.25μM(0.0545μg/mL)。另外,2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌的IC50为6.8μM(相当于1.4μg/mL),4-氨基-2-甲基-1-萘酚(维生素K5)、1,4-萘醌的IC50为约30μM(分别相当于6.1、4.7μg/mL),1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(DHNA)、2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(维生素K3)的IC50为50μM(分别相当于8.2、11.5μg/mL)左右。 
据非专利文献1报道,作为茶成分的具有O-甲基的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯也具有脱颗粒抑制能力。在该文献中,用组胺的释放来评价脱颗粒抑制能力,105.8μM(50μg/mL)时为约50%的抑制率。另外,据非专利文献2报道,在嗜碱性白细胞样细胞株RBL-2H3中,作为合成医药品的抗过敏药曲尼司特(tranilast,N-(3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酰)邻氨基苯甲酸)以及富马酸酮替芬(ketotifenfumarate,4-(1-甲基-4-亚哌啶基)-4H-苯并[4,5]环庚[1,2-b]噻吩-10(9H)-酮富马酸盐)的IC50分别为492μM(161μg/mL)、214μM(91μg/mL)。 
由上述可知,本发明的有效成分的脱颗粒抑制能力非常强。 
[表1] 
β-氨基己糖苷酶游离抑制试验中各被测物的IC50
  物质名   IC50
 实施例1   ACNQ   0.25μM   (0.0545μg/mL)
 实施例2   DHNA   41μM   (8.2μg/mL)
 实施例3   维生素K3   66.8μM   (11.5μg/mL)
 实施例4   维生素K5   29.2μM   (6.1μg/mL)
 实施例5   1,4-萘醌   29.8μM   (4.7μg/mL)
 实施例6   2-氨基-3-氯-1,4-萘醌   6.8μM   (1.4μg/mL)
 比较例1   维生素K1   >100μM   (>45.1μg/mL)
 比较例2   维生素K2   >100μM   (>44μg/mL)
 比较例3   1,3-萘二酚   >100μM   (>16μg/mL)
<PCA反应> 
预饲养ICR小鼠(雌、6周龄)后,分为体重无差别的以下3组。1组:0.5%羧甲基纤维素(CMC)钠给药组(比较例4)、2组:ACNQ(100μg/kg)给药组(实施例7)、3组:PCA不发生组(比较例5)。各组的例数是,1、2组为8只,3组为4只。将1组(CMC钠给药组)作为2组(ACNQ给药组)的对照组。 
对于1、2组的ICR小鼠,向小鼠的耳廓皮内给与抗DNP-IgE抗体(100ng/个体)。对于3组的ICR小鼠,用生理盐水代替抗DNP-IgE抗体,以同样方式给药。向耳廓给与抗DNP-IgE抗体23小时后,作为被测物,向1组和3组的 ICR小鼠口服给与0.5%CMC钠水溶液,向2组的ICR小鼠口服给与用0.5%CMC钠水溶液悬浮的ACNQ液。 
接着,在给与被测物1小时后,对于1~3组的各ICR小鼠,与伊文思蓝一起静脉给与作为抗原的DNP结合的BSA(0.25mg/个体),引起PCA反应。PCA反应引发30分钟后,将1~3组的ICR小鼠处死,切除耳廓。将切除的耳廓在1N氢氧钾存在下于37℃孵育过夜,然后用丙酮和0.5N磷酸(13∶5)混合溶液萃取伊文思蓝,由620nm处的吸光度算出漏出到耳廓的伊文思蓝量。 
图3表示ACNQ给药组(实施例7)、CMC钠给药组(对照组、比较例4)以及PCA不发生组(比较例5)的结果。 
ACNQ给药组(实施例7)与CMC钠给药组(比较例4)相比,伊文思蓝量显著下降,可知ACNQ抑制PCA反应。 

Claims (1)

1.将2-氨基-3-羧基-1,4-萘醌或其盐作为制备抗IgE型过敏剂的用途。
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