CN101243165A - 燃料添加剂及燃料处理方法 - Google Patents
燃料添加剂及燃料处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101243165A CN101243165A CNA2006800304886A CN200680030488A CN101243165A CN 101243165 A CN101243165 A CN 101243165A CN A2006800304886 A CNA2006800304886 A CN A2006800304886A CN 200680030488 A CN200680030488 A CN 200680030488A CN 101243165 A CN101243165 A CN 101243165A
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- fuel
- enriched material
- platinum
- viscosity
- cerium
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- ROQRYYMOYXKROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C Chemical compound [Pt].C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C ROQRYYMOYXKROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZRUPIVXBTIOMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CCCC=CCC1 Chemical compound [Pt].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CCCC=CCC1 ZRUPIVXBTIOMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 11
- OPUYKIRUGBZTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPUYKIRUGBZTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- FXNONNRUNQPNLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;2-ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound [Ce].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O.CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O.CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O FXNONNRUNQPNLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 6
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 cerium hydroxy oleate propionate salt salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUQXCHZNUWQQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C Chemical compound [Ce].C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C AUQXCHZNUWQQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIVVWHQDANKXBE-KVVVOXFISA-N cerium;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound [Ce].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O PIVVWHQDANKXBE-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K iron(3+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXYOAESUCSYJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;bis(6-methylheptoxy)-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC(C)C.CC(C)CCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC(C)C SXYOAESUCSYJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2234—Beta-dicarbonyl ligands, e.g. acetylacetonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2239—Bridging ligands, e.g. OAc in Cr2(OAc)4, Pt4(OAc)8 or dicarboxylate ligands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2531/38—Lanthanides other than lanthanum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/828—Platinum
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- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/842—Iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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Abstract
公开了一种具有高闪点的燃料添加剂浓缩物,其特征在于粘度控制为可在伯努利进料装置中进行定量供给。所述浓缩物是高温稳定的,并且其形式适于在交通工具上定量供给燃料,其可以提供能预知的从进料装置的进料速率。其包括能溶于燃料的铂族金属组合物、和/或能溶于或能分散于燃料的铈组合物、和/或能溶于或能分散于燃料的铁化合物、以及高闪点芳族溶剂。所述溶剂和所述金属组合物以提供以下FBC浓缩物的相对量存在:其闪点(ASTM D93-85)大于140℉;按照ASTM D445在105℉下测量,其优选的运动粘度在7-25厘斯的范围内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料添加型催化剂(fuel borne catalyst)及其配方,其方式为通过从计量装置到用于驱动发动机的燃料的逐步进料而促进精确的定量供给。
背景技术
将燃料添加型催化剂(FBC)添加到用于发动机特别是柴油机的运转的燃料中可提供多种有益效果。它们可在发动机中赋予改善燃料利用率的效果,或者连同后处理装置例如柴油机微粒过滤器、柴油机氧化催化剂和/或微粒反应器一起提供下游效应(downstream effect)。
许多针对定量供给(dosing)添加剂提出的现有技术的系统涉及复杂的电子和/或机械监控,其通常具有某一形式的反馈控制和/或强制进料泵,以在燃料中实现所需浓度的活性催化金属。提供需要更改燃料箱或更改配线的系统对于改型应用通常是不实用的,因为商业上所使用的卡车存在巨大不同,即使是单个车队的主人所使用的卡车也是如此。
其它现有技术的系统需要操作员的监控和/或介入。然而,车/船队操作员需要确保FBC或其它添加剂浓缩物恰当地添加到指定交通工具的燃料中,而不需要特别的操作员实施除其正常操作以外的任何任务。操作员的监控或介入可能有问题,尤其是在相同的交通工具由不同的操作员使用的情况下。
已经提出了一些装置以消除操作员的介入,但是它们通常在设计上太简单以致于均匀的定量供给是不可行的。这样的系统可以导致FBC的浪费或没有实现FBC定量供给程序的目标所必需的量。
当前的和已提出的规章要求制造商同时实现良好的燃料经济性和减少排放。虽然燃料添加剂对于实现这些规章的目标可能是必须的,但是本领域尚未提供简单的装置,能够在长时间内没有操作员介入或注意的情况下,以可靠的方式计量进入到燃料中的有效FBC。
对于燃料添加剂供应商和希望使用该添加剂的车/船队主人而言,在有规律的一致的基础上,将燃料添加剂自动地、以正确的比例引入到交通工具的燃料箱中是一种挑战。目前需要一种安全、经济和有效的解决方案,以解决关于将添加剂有规律地配量到燃料中的问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种可用于在压力梯度装置中自进料的FBC浓缩物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种FBC浓缩物,其在高闪点的混合物中具有非常高浓度的催化剂金属,所述混合物在窄直径的进料导管中具有能预知的流量。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种FBC浓缩物,其可提供能预知的从进料装置的进料速率,所述进料装置能够在燃料供应装置中的两点之间产生压差,由此所述压差导致FBC计量进入到燃料中。
通过本发明实现这些和其它目的,本发明提供一种FBC浓缩物和定量供给使用其的燃料的方法。
在一个方面,本发明提供一种高温稳定的燃料添加型催化剂浓缩物,其形式适于在交通工具上(on-board)定量供给燃料,其可以提供能预知的从进料装置的进料速率,并包括:能溶于燃料的铂族金属组合物、和/或能溶于或可能散于燃料的铈组合物、和/或能溶于或能分散于燃料的铁化合物;以及高闪点的芳族溶剂;其中所述溶剂和所述金属组合物以提供闪点(ASTM D93-85)大于140的FBC浓缩物的相对量存在。优选地,按照ASTM D445在105下测量,运动粘度在7-25厘斯的范围内。
下面将描述本发明的优选的方面和示例性配方。
具体实施方式
将参照涉及柴油机燃料和特定类型的配量器(dispenser)的优选实施方式描述本发明,但本领域技术人员应理解本发明的优点将使其可用于许多情况,包括其它类型的发动机、燃料和配量器,其中高闪点、受控的粘度和产品稳定性是重要的。
在优选的方式中,本发明的FBC浓缩物适于用在利用伯努利(Bernoulli)或其它压差/毛细管效应的FBC浓缩物进料装置中,例如由两个被间隔壁隔开的腔室所构成的FBC浓缩物进料装置中,该间隔壁包括连接所述两个腔室的毛细管和孔,流进所述两个腔室中的第一腔室的燃料可以由此通过所述间隔壁流进所述两个腔室中的第二腔室,并且毛细管将FBC浓缩物从第一腔室汲取到第二腔室以与燃料混合。在优选的方式中,燃料从燃料源例如燃料箱流经第一腔室并流入到供应至发动机的燃料进料管线中。燃料流经第一腔室,赋予轻微的压力梯度,从而迫使燃料流进FBC浓缩物储罐中进入到流动的燃料中。这迫使FBC浓缩物在毛细管中上升。通过控制添加剂的粘度并适当选择管的直径,燃料处理速度可以设置为所需水平。对于给定的燃料流速,提高添加剂的粘度或使用更小直径的管可以降低添加剂的流速,并且因此降低处理速度。随着燃料流在这种优选的设置中上升,驱动FBC浓缩物传输的压差增大,从而有不断增大的添加剂流补偿增加的燃料流。通过改变添加剂的粘度,可以改变释放速率(release rate)而不改变组件,并且产生更精确的添加剂释放。还合乎人意的是将添加剂粘度控制在合理范围内而不将有害物质(增稠剂等)引入到燃料中。
FBC浓缩物通常安置在交通工具上,使得某些其它的考虑因素变得重要:闪点和其它有害的特性对于这种应用而言必须是可接受的。因此,商品化的FBC浓缩物不适于用在这种环境中,因为它们通常在配制时没有考虑到闪点,而是为了得到FBC的最佳溶解度。根据本发明,闪点保持在小于140的温度,并且优选在至少约145的范围内。虽然从功能的观点来看,闪点不存在上限,但是由于随着闪点的增加,烃同系物的粘度增大而存在实用性限制,因此实用中上限最高为约225。闪点由ASTM D93-85测定。本发明的独特优点在于可以在避免使用低闪点溶剂的同时获得稳定的粘度以确保恒定的能预知的流速。
含铂金属的燃料FBC浓缩物有市售的Platinum Plus牌燃料添加剂,并且具有基于在甲苯中的2%的1,5-环辛二烯二苯基铂(COD二苯基铂)的典型配方。这些添加剂具有低的闪点和相当大的苯含量。COD二苯基铂对于该目的而言原本是理想的化合物:其在所有类型的芳族溶剂中均具有非常高的溶解度,尽管可以使用其它形式的铂,例如乙酰丙酮铂(Pt AcAc),但是其在这些类型的溶剂中的溶解度仅为COD二苯基铂的溶解度的约10%。并且,Pt四胺皂也极易溶解在这些溶剂中并且可以使用。在商品化的Platinum Plus牌燃料添加剂中的苯和甲苯可以优选地通过前述方法(参见例如美国专利申请公布No.20040172876)用高闪点的芳族溶剂代替以生产对于在添加剂储罐中使用而言更安全的产品。
在适于制备本发明的FBC浓缩物的溶剂中,优选其闪点超过140,并优选为150和更高的芳族石脑油。这些石脑油溶剂对于COD二苯基铂而言是高度有效的溶剂,主要含有芳族化合物,并优选含有至少95%的芳族化合物以确保合适的闪点以及处于有效范围内的粘度,从而根据本发明精确地定量供给。在优选的形式中,用这种具有150闪点的石脑油制备铂浓缩物,然后按照需要用闪点为190的石脑油稀释该浓缩物。这将使得能够生产闪点高于145的高活性浓缩物。本发明优选的FBC浓缩物的运动粘度在105下按照ASTM D445测量在约1-30厘斯,并优选在约7-25厘斯的范围内。
用于制备本发明的FBC浓缩物的方法优选使用燃料添加型催化剂,该燃料添加型催化剂优选包括能溶于燃料的铂和/或铈和/或铁。铈或铁通常以足以使在燃料中的浓度为0.5-25ppm的量定量供给,铂为0.0005-2ppm,优选铈和/或铁的燃料浓度为5-10ppm,例如7.5ppm,以及铂为0.05-0.5ppm,例如0.15ppm。铈和/或铁与铂的比例优选为1000∶1-10∶1。一个较窄的范围为200∶1-25∶1。
用本发明的FBC处理过的燃料可以含有清洁剂(例如50-300ppm)、润滑添加剂(例如25-约500ppm)、其它添加剂、以及合适的能溶于燃料的催化剂金属组合物,例如0.1-2ppm能溶于燃料的铂族金属组合物,例如COD铂或乙酰丙酮铂、和/或2-20ppm能溶于燃料的铈或铁组合物,例如铈、辛酸铈、二茂铁、油酸铁、辛酸铁等。定量供给速率可以有效地改变,例如从约1∶1000到1∶20000或更多,以提供催化活性浓度的铂和铈。
在减少碳或煤烟沉积或排放方面,燃料中低浓度的铂与铁或铈的组合与没有铂的情况下浓度高得多的铈、铁或其它金属一样有效。几个ppm浓度的金属的组合与单独使用的30-100ppm的铁和/或铈一样有效。通过使用本发明的FBC浓缩物配方获得的燃料中的金属浓度避免了使用传统水平的铈或铁通常遇到的问题,所述传统水平足够高至成为导致设备结垢的因素,因为燃料中高的金属浓度伴随着高的灰分负担。
优选的双金属和三金属铂以及其它的催化剂金属的组合与用于馏分燃料和残渣燃料的标准的添加剂成分,例如降凝剂、抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂等相容。
铈以皂的形式市售。所有这些由于是稳定的乙酰丙酮化物和分散体,因此均是合适的。具体的铈化合物有:乙酰丙酮铈III、环烷酸铈III和辛酸铈、油酸铈和其它皂,例如硬脂酸盐、新癸酸盐和辛酸盐(2-乙基己酸盐)。许多铈化合物为满足下式的三价化合物:Ce(OOCR)3,其中R=烃,优选为C2-C22,并包括脂肪族的、脂环族的、芳基和烷基芳基。优选铈的浓度为铈的重量与燃料的体积之比(w/v)为1-15ppm。含有这种类型的化合物的脂肪酸作为皂是本领域中已知的,例如铈羟基油酸盐丙酸盐络合物(cerium hydroxy oleatepropionate complex)和辛酸铈。优选地,铈作为辛酸铈以12重量%的Ce(乙基己酸中的金属为12%)提供。优选的水平是朝着该范围的较下端,例如小于8ppm。
具体的铁化合物有:二茂铁;乙酰丙酮铁和乙酰丙酮亚铁;铁皂,例如辛酸盐和硬脂酸盐(通常作为Fe(III)化合物市售);五羰基铁Fe(CO)5;环烷酸铁;和妥尔油脂肪酸铁。
可以使用任何铂族金属组合物,例如,Bowers等的美国专利No.4891050中、Epperly等的美国专利No.5034020和Peter-Hoblyn等的美国专利No.5266093中描述的1,5-环辛二烯二苯基铂(COD铂,也称为“COD-二苯基铂”)作为铂源。其它合适的铂族金属催化剂组合物包括市售的或容易合成的铂族金属乙酰丙酮化物、铂族金属二亚苄基丙酮化物以及四胺铂金属络合物的脂肪酸皂,例如油酸四氨合铂。
对于待制备的高度浓缩的FBC浓缩物,铈和铂浓缩物必须本身是稳定的并且互相之间相容。市售的辛酸铈浓缩物在高浓度下与芳族溶剂及COD二苯基铂浓缩物相容。
浓缩的添加剂还必须在高的和低的温度极限下稳定。使用芳族溶剂保持在低温下的溶解度,任选地引入基于胺的稳定剂帮助确保COD二苯基铂络合物在50-60℃的延长温度下稳定。在标准的柴油机清洁剂中有这些类型的材料,商品化的柴油机清洁剂的引入将提供在高达80℃或更高的温度下具有高温稳定性的铂化合物。已证实约5%及更小浓度的标准柴油机清洁剂是有效的。非稳定的COD二苯基铂可以在60-80℃下缓慢分解,其可能分解为金属,这可能是通过配体取代机理。可以类似地使其它形式的Pt稳定。
通过使用高闪点芳族溶剂和柴油机清洁剂的组合可以调节粘度。根据所使用的清洁剂的粘度,粘度可以在宽范围内变化。所发现的可用于提供上述双重好处的商品化的柴油机清洁剂包括Lubrizol 9570A、Chevron ODA 78012和Allegheny petroleum DDA 1210。没有理由认为该列举是穷尽性的。通过选择适当的清洁剂,可以基本上改变粘度:使用以下列举的稀Lubrizol清洁剂可以使添加剂浓缩物在105(典型的发动机温度)下具有约1-20厘斯的粘度。优选的清洁剂有例如提到的由65%-80%的聚烯烃酰胺碱性胺在石油馏分中配制的Allegheny petroleum DDA 1210等清洁剂,并且这些清洁剂的特征为:密度(D4052)为约0.91-0.94,粘度(D1445)通常在600-850厘斯的范围内,闪点(D93)为至少140。选择基本上更加粘性的清洁剂可以导致当其以高浓度使用时共混物更浓,并且这在合适的场合具有实用性。
因此,除了选择和使用合适的溶剂(优选为所指出的芳族石脑油)之外,适当选择清洁剂和/或其它燃料添加剂也可以提供实现本发明的目的所必需的浓度范围。在操作中,根据本发明的将燃料添加型催化剂进料到燃料中的方法需要提供所述浓缩物,并将其进料到与燃料流管线相连通的毛细管中。燃料流管线可由燃料过滤器中的腔室、燃料管线本身或燃料流经的其它腔室构成。
当借助于以下非限制性实施例阅读以上描述时,将更好地理解本发明,其中所有的份数和百分率都以重量给出,除非另外特别指明。
实施例1
该实施例描述了三种不同粘度的燃料添加型催化剂浓缩物的制备以允许选择一种其粘度适于以预定的定量供给速率供给至发动机的燃料的燃料添加型催化剂浓缩物。以下三个样品各以1∶11000(V∶V)提供7.5ppm的Ce和0.15ppm的Pt,其具有如下表所列出的不同的粘度(因此,释放速率不同)。
成分 | 量(g/l) | ||
较低粘度 | 中等粘度 | 高粘度 | |
铂浓缩物,1重量%的Pt(Sol 01501中的2.2%的COD二苯基铂)辛酸铈,12重量%的Ce(乙基己酸中的12%的金属)Sol 01902 | 141.1581.2220 | 141.1581.2155 | 141.1581.20 |
Lz 9570A3 | 50 | 106 | 261 |
“1”:芳族石脑油,其闪点为150,可作为SOL-0150从Octel Starreon LLC得到;
“2”:芳族石脑油,其闪点为190,可作为SOL-0190从Octel Starreon LLC得到;
“3”:Lubrizol柴油机清洁剂;
性质 | 值 | ||
较低粘度 | 中等粘度 | 高粘度 | |
运动粘度,厘斯460℃下30天的热稳定性 | 8.06- | 9.16好 | 17.17好 |
“4”:105下,ASTM D445
一旦测试了试验FBC浓缩物并确定了从已知直径的毛细管的流速,便可以通过计算确定使用特定进料管时的进料速率。鉴于该标准,已知管径随FBC粘度按比例增加则可以确定流速。
实施例2-9
以下实施例2-9提供用于以所示定量供给比定量供给到柴油机燃料中的燃料添加剂组合物,以便在燃料中提供比例为0.15/7.5ppm的铂和铈,按每升燃料中的克数测量。
以下索引描述用在实施例2-9中的材料。
Pt浓缩物 | 芳族石脑油*中的2./3%COD二苯基铂 | |
Pt acac | 芳族石脑油*中的0.4重量%乙酰丙酮铂(Pt acac)2 | |
Ce浓缩物1 | 50%三辛酸铈的2-乙基己酸溶液 | 较高粘度 |
Ce浓缩物2 | 70%铈羟基丙酸盐油酸盐络合物的溶剂油溶液 | 较低粘度 |
9570A | Lubrizol 9570A,柴油机清洁剂-Lubrizol Corp | 较低粘度 |
ODA 78012 | Oronite ODA78012,柴油机清洁剂,Chevron | 较高粘度 |
A150 | 芳族石脑油,闪点150 |
实施例2
以下燃料添加剂浓缩物由以下材料制备,并按照浓缩物与燃料之比为1∶13000的比例定量供给到柴油机燃料中。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 8.11 |
Ce浓缩物1 | 687 | |
9570A | 50 | |
A150* | 补至1升 |
实施例3
作为选择,舍去A150,并增加清洁剂以代替之。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 13.74 |
Ce浓缩物1 | 687 | |
9570A | 补至1升 |
实施例4
作为选择,使用不同的铈添加剂。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 1.37 |
Ce浓缩物2 | 206 | |
9570A | 50 | |
A150* | 补至1升 |
实施例5
作为选择,使用与实施例2中的清洁剂不同的清洁剂。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 7.39 |
Ce浓缩物1 | 687 | |
ODA78012 | 20 | |
A150* | 补至1升 |
实施例6
作为实施例5的另一选择,舍去A150,并增加清洁剂以代替之。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 27.59 |
Ce浓缩物1 | 687 | |
ODA78012 | 20 |
实施例7
作为另一选择,使用与实施例4中的清洁剂不同的清洁剂。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt浓缩物 | 167 | 1.3 |
Ce浓缩物2 | 206 | |
ODA78012 | 50 | |
A150* | 补至1升 |
实施例8
作为另一选择,制备浓缩物,以1∶11000的比例将其与燃料共混。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt acac | 706 | 1.32 |
Ce浓缩物2 | 174 | |
ODA78012 | 20 | |
A150* | 补至1升 |
实施例9
作为实施例5的另一选择,舍去A150,并增加清洁剂以代替之。
成分 | 在浓缩物中的量 | 40℃下的浓缩物粘度(厘斯) |
Pt acac | 706 | 1.32 |
Ce浓缩物2 | 174 | |
ODA78012 | 补至1升 |
以上描述意在使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明。并不打算详细描述所有可能的改进和变化,这些改进和变化在本领域的普通技术人员阅读了说明书之后将会变得明晰。然而,所有这些改进和变化均拟包括在本发明的范围内,本发明的范围可以从以上说明书中看出,并由所附权利要求另外限定。这些权利要求意欲涵盖处于可有效实现本发明目标的任何布置和顺序中的所述元件和步骤,除非上下文明确指明相反的情况。
Claims (5)
1.一种高温稳定的燃料添加型催化剂浓缩物,其形式适于在交通工具上定量供给燃料,其可提供能预知的从进料装置的进料速率,并包括:能溶于燃料的铂族金属组合物、和/或能溶于或能分散于燃料的铈组合物、和/或能溶于或能分散于燃料的铁化合物;以及高闪点的芳族溶剂;其中所述溶剂和所述金属组合物以提供闪点大于140的FBC浓缩物的相对量存在。
2.根据权利要求1的高温稳定的燃料添加型催化剂,其中按照ASTMD445在105下测量,运动粘度在7-25厘斯的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1的高温稳定的燃料添加型催化剂,其包括能溶于燃料的铂族金属组合物和铈组合物。
4.根据权利要求1的高温稳定的燃料添加型催化剂,其中该铂族金属组合物包括乙酰丙酮铂和/或1,5-环辛二烯二苯基铂和铈组合物。
5.一种用于将燃料添加型催化剂进料到燃料中的方法,包括:提供权利要求1的浓缩物并将其进料到与燃料流管线相连通的毛细管中。
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US70019805P | 2005-07-18 | 2005-07-18 | |
US60/700,198 | 2005-07-18 |
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US (1) | US20070015656A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1907515A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101243165A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006269980A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0613667A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2615520A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2008000872A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2008101556A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007011912A2 (zh) |
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CN106244277A (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆广汇中化能源技术开发有限公司 | 荒煤气高温除尘灰的成型装置 |
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CN103087791B (zh) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-04-01 | 潍坊赛沃尔生物技术有限公司 | 一种生物燃油节能剂及其制备方法 |
US20140274662A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Cdti | Systems and Methods for Variations of ZPGM Oxidation Catalysts Compositions |
US9511350B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | ZPGM Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and methods of making and using same |
US9511355B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | System and methods for using synergized PGM as a three-way catalyst |
US9771534B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-09-26 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | Diesel exhaust treatment systems and methods |
US9545626B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-01-17 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Optimization of Zero-PGM washcoat and overcoat loadings on metallic substrate |
US9511358B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Spinel compositions and applications thereof |
US9579604B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-28 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Base metal activated rhodium coatings for catalysts in three-way catalyst (TWC) applications |
US9731279B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-15 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Thermal stability of copper-manganese spinel as Zero PGM catalyst for TWC application |
US9700841B2 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2017-07-11 | Byd Company Limited | Synergized PGM close-coupled catalysts for TWC applications |
US9951706B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2018-04-24 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Calibration strategies to improve spinel mixed metal oxides catalytic converters |
US10533472B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2020-01-14 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Application of synergized-PGM with ultra-low PGM loadings as close-coupled three-way catalysts for internal combustion engines |
US9861964B1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-01-09 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Enhanced catalytic activity at the stoichiometric condition of zero-PGM catalysts for TWC applications |
US10265684B2 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2019-04-23 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Highly active and thermally stable coated gasoline particulate filters |
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US6003303A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1999-12-21 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine |
EP1344812A1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2003-09-17 | Infineum International Limited | Overbased metallic salt diesel fuel additive compositions for improvement of particulate traps |
JP2005520927A (ja) * | 2002-03-22 | 2005-07-14 | クリーン ディーゼル テクノロジーズ インコーポレーテッド | 触媒金属添加剤濃縮物及びその製造方法と使用方法 |
US7153422B2 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2006-12-26 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Liquid additive slow-release apparatus driven by a filter pressure gradient |
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2006
- 2006-07-18 WO PCT/US2006/027783 patent/WO2007011912A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-18 CN CNA2006800304886A patent/CN101243165A/zh active Pending
- 2006-07-18 US US11/458,267 patent/US20070015656A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2006-07-18 BR BRPI0613667-2A patent/BRPI0613667A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-18 EP EP06800098A patent/EP1907515A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-07-18 AU AU2006269980A patent/AU2006269980A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN106244277A (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆广汇中化能源技术开发有限公司 | 荒煤气高温除尘灰的成型装置 |
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US20070015656A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
RU2008101556A (ru) | 2009-08-27 |
AU2006269980A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
MX2008000872A (es) | 2008-03-18 |
CA2615520A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
EP1907515A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
WO2007011912A3 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
WO2007011912A2 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
BRPI0613667A2 (pt) | 2011-01-25 |
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