CN101232211B - 用于冷却电机定子叠片组的装置 - Google Patents

用于冷却电机定子叠片组的装置 Download PDF

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CN101232211B
CN101232211B CN2007103077857A CN200710307785A CN101232211B CN 101232211 B CN101232211 B CN 101232211B CN 2007103077857 A CN2007103077857 A CN 2007103077857A CN 200710307785 A CN200710307785 A CN 200710307785A CN 101232211 B CN101232211 B CN 101232211B
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CN101232211A (zh
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R·T·道西
C·C·斯坦库
E·R·奥斯特伦
Y·杜
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
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    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
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    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K9/10—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
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    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

电机定子的同轴叠片组使用实质上相同并彼此直接邻接的叠片。各叠片具有外缘和内缘，外缘由向外突出的突状物阵列来界定，内缘由向内突出的齿阵列来界定。向外突出的突状物与环绕叠片组的护套相配合以提供冷却流体流经的冷却间隙，而齿提供它们之间的间隙以容纳定子绕组。根据关系式(2K+1)/(2Kth)乘齿数(nth)，突状物的个数(npin)与齿数(nth)成比例，这里K等于选择的整数，Kth是各叠片相对于相邻叠片旋转以使相邻叠片的齿间隙对准而转过的齿数。

Description

用于冷却电机定子叠片组的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电机定子叠片组的冷却装置，其中叠片组中的叠片包括其间具有间隙的放射状的突出突状物，冷却流体流过间隙。本发明尤其涉及诸如为机动车辆提供动力的电动机之类的机械。
背景技术
对用于为机动车辆提供动力的电动机进行冷却有助于提高电动机的效率。构造这样一种冷却装置的方法是，利用从这类电机的定子向外突出的突状物阵列来形成构造为突翅片(Pin Fin)阵列的定子的外缘，该阵列与周围的护套相配合并与突状物的自由端具有热传递关系。突状物的自由端和突状物护套具有接触面，由于冷却流体流经突状物和护套的内表面，在接触面处的温度大大降低。
在机动车制造中，希望在保持可靠性的同时降低成本。在现行实践中，采用了不同构造的叠片，以便在定子表面提供间隙以允许冷却流体流过定子。采用一种以上构造的叠片增加了定子的制造成本和定子的组装成本。
发明内容
电机定子的同轴叠片组使用实质上相同并彼此直接邻接的叠片。每个叠片具有外缘和内缘，外缘由向外突出的突状物阵列界定，内缘由向内突出的齿界定。向外突出的突状物与环绕叠片组的护套相配合，从而提供冷却流体流经的冷却间隙，而齿提供它们之间的容纳定子绕组的间隙。
本发明的一个方面，每个突状物从基部向顶端逐渐变细，顶端宽度小于基部宽度以在相邻叠片的突状物之间提供角形的间隙，冷却流体流经这些间隙。
本发明的另一个方面，叠片上每个突状物与相邻突状物间隔距离等于该突状物基部的宽度，其中相邻叠片的突状物排列形成间隙，而齿间隙对准以容纳定子绕组。
本发明的又一个方面，根据关系式(2K+1)/2Kth乘齿数(nth)，突状物的个数(npin)与齿数(nth)成比例，这里K选择整数，Kth是各叠片相对于相邻叠片旋转以使相邻叠片的齿间隙对准而转过的齿数。
本发明的又一个方面，护套在轴端中间具有开口以接收加压的冷却流体，加压的冷却流体在护套和突状物阵列之间作相反的轴向流动，流经突状物间隙以冷却叠片组，从而冷却电机的定子。
本发明的又一个方面，电机是电动机。
本发明的又一个方面，电动机为机动车辆提供动力。
附图说明
结合附图进行考虑，将更全面地看到和更好地理解本发明的其他各种特征和附加优点，在附图中同样的附图标记指代几个视图中相同或相似部件，其中：
图1是与散热器和泵相结合的电动机的侧视图，例如用于驱动机动车辆的电机；
图2是具有冷却套的图1中电机定子的正视立体图；
图3是中不带冷却套的图1部分定子的放大视图；
图4是用于构成图2和3中定子的单个叠片的端视图；
图5是示出两相邻叠片的叠片组的端视图；
图6是图5所示放置在图2-5中的叠片的向内突出的齿之间的绕组间隙中的绕组的部分放大图；
图7是图3所示冷却流体流经定子的部分放大顶视图。
具体实施方式
现在参看图1，在图1中示出根据本发明的原理构造的电动机10，其中电机包括定子12和电枢14。电枢14连接到轴16，该轴16向驱动元件传递动力，驱动元件例如为汽车的驱动轮或连接到成对的驱动轮上的传动装置。定子12由冷却流体17冷却，冷却流体17最好是由泵18加压的液体，泵将液体注入围绕冷却套22设置的总管20，冷却套围绕定子12。冷却流体17通过一系列的孔23进入冷却套22，并冷却所述定子12，并且通过出口24和26流出冷却套，并返回车辆的散热器28，其从冷却流体中带走热量并进而从定子中带走热量。然后，泵18使得冷却流体17返回到总管20，使其可通过冷却套22循环以给电机10的定子12提供持续的冷却。虽然冷却流体17最好是液体，但也可以是能够发生相变的流体。
现在参看图2，图2中示出图1的定子12，出口24和26没有连接到定子12的两端31和32的液体收集器29和30上。定子12由单个叠片(lamination)42形成的叠片组(stack)40构造成，单个叠片是相同的，因为每个叠片由相同或相似的冲压工具冲压制成。这消除了对现有技术装置中所需的不同冲压工具的需要，其中不同叠片使用时用不同部件标号表示。通过用相同的工具制造叠片42，叠片的成本降低，同时组装方便。
从定子12的端部44看，每个叠片42具有在其外径47上向外突出的突状物46形成的突翅片阵列45，其与冷却套22的内表面48接合，并界定出定子的外缘。向内突出的齿50的阵列界定出定子12的内缘，并提供容纳定子绕组56的绕组间隙52(参看图3和6)。各叠片12的齿50相互对准，从而所述间隙52也对准，但相邻叠片的突状物46不对准。这种突状物的不对准提供了具有在突状物46和套22的内表面48之间流经冷却间隙54的混合式涡流的流动模式。
现在参看图3，示出了移走所述套22之后定子的放大部分。从图3可以清楚地看到，相同的冲压叠片42与相邻的叠片直接抵靠，各相邻叠片旋转以使叠片向内突出的齿50对准，以界定出定子绕组间隙52，其沿定子12轴向延伸以容纳定子的绕组56。为了给选定个数的齿50正确地确定各叠片42上突状物46的个数以适当地确定间隙52的个数，采用了丢番图方程(Diophantic equation)来计算突状物46的个数，其作为定子齿50的个数的函数，以便得到180度交错排列的突翅片阵列45。这个结果可按如下计算得到：
nth-定子齿50的个数，
npin-定子外径47上突状物46的个数，
kth-为了在定子外径47上得到突翅片阵列45，各叠片组(按定子齿的个数)的旋度。
假设叠片组相对前一个叠片组旋转Kth定子齿50。在突翅片间距上的相应旋转角度为：
αpin＝kth*(360°/nth)*npin    (1)
为了得到交错的突翅片阵列45，αpin必须是180°的奇数倍：
αpin＝(2k+1)*180°    (2)
其中，k＝0，1，2，......是任意整数。这样，一组突状物46相对于前一个组和后一个组的突状物间隔180°。其他组间角位移由冷却流体流动分布模式需求来决定。
由等式(1)和(2)可以得到：
Figure S2007103077857D00041
图4示出具有根据前述等式(3)作为齿数(nth)的函数确定的突状物个数(npin)的单个叠片。图4中每个叠片42有六十个齿50和七十个突状物46。
图5是图3中所示的叠片42的叠片组40的端视图，其中当叠片组40组装后，每个接连的叠片42旋转三个齿50的距离，产生图3和5的排列结果，其中冷却流体17流入后续突状物46之间的间隙60，以便冲击相邻的下游叠片的突状物的端面62。
最好参见图6和7，在上述图中示出定子12的截面图，每个突状物46具有前端面62和后端面66。前端面62面对冷却流体17的进口23(图1、2和6)，而后端面66面对定子12的端部29和30。为了使齿46不完全堵塞突状物46之间的间隙60，每个突状物具有从各突状物的底部74向顶部76倾斜的侧面70和72。这在连续的叠片42上的突状物46之间形成沟槽80。这些沟槽80形成轴向延伸的凹槽，在叠片42的表面上沿轴向方向输送冷却流体17的波动流，该流动流过定子12的突翅片阵列45。冷却流体17的流动通过面对各突状物46的下游表面62的冲击而成为湍流，并借助各突状物的上游表面66而产生上游涡流。
从进口端口23流出的冷却流体17沿突状物46的前表面62侧向偏斜流进间隙60和由倾斜的侧面70和72形成的沟槽80中，以便冷却流体持续地流向定子12端部的出口24和26。沟槽80中的冷却流体17也在突状物66的后表面66的后面流动，并形成涡流，这有助于使得在沟槽80和间隙60中流动的冷却流体混合。
根据前述内容，本领域技术人员能容易地确定本发明的必要特征，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，能够对其进行各种改变或变型以使其适于各种用途和情况。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于电机定子的叠片的同轴叠片组，包括：
实质上相同的叠片，各叠片具有外缘和内缘，所述叠片彼此直接抵靠，
其中各叠片外缘由向外突出的突状物阵列来界定，所述向外突出的突状物与环绕叠片组的护套相配合以提供冷却间隙，冷却流体流经所述冷却间隙，其中所述突状物均具有上游端面、下游端面和从突状物的底部向顶部倾斜的两个侧面，并且其中所述叠片相对于彼此旋转，使得在第一叠片的每个突状物的两个侧面之间的间隙中流动的冷却流体冲击与所述第一叠片相邻的下游第二叠片的突状物的端面，并且其中每个突状物从所述突状物的基部向突状物的顶部渐缩，并且其中所述突状物的顶部宽度小于基部宽度以提供相邻叠片的突状物之间的沟槽，其中所述沟槽形成轴向延伸的凹槽，并在叠片的表面上沿轴向方向输送冷却流体的波动流，冷却流体的流动通过面对各突状物的下游端面的冲击而成为湍流，并借助各突状物的上游端面而产生上游涡流；并且
其中每个叠片还由向内朝向所述内缘的齿阵列来界定，所述齿提供在它们之间对准的间隙以容纳定子绕组。
2.如权利要求1所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，叠片上各突状物与该叠片上相邻的突状物间隔开的距离实质上等于突状物基部的宽度，并且当所述齿之间的间隙对准以容纳绕组时，相邻叠片的突状物与间隔对准。
3.如权利要求2所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，根据关系式npin＝(2K+1)/(2Kth)乘齿数nth，突状物的个数npin与齿数nth成比例，这里，K等于选择的整数，Kth是各叠片相对于相邻叠片旋转以使相邻叠片的齿间隙对准而转过的齿数。
4.如权利要求3所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，所述护套在其轴向端中间具有开口以接收加压的冷却流体，加压的冷却流体以相反的轴向方向流经突状物之间的沟槽，以冷却叠片形成的叠片组，从而冷却电机的定子。
5.如权利要求4所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，与所述电机一体的定子包括电动机的定子。
6.一种用于电动机的定子的叠片的同轴叠片组，该电动机用于向具有热交换器的机动车辆提供动力，包括：
实质上相同的叠片，各叠片具有外缘和内缘，所述叠片彼此直接抵靠，
其中各叠片外缘由向外突出的突状物阵列来界定，所述向外突出的突状物与环绕叠片组的护套相配合以提供冷却间隙，冷却流体流经所述冷却间隙，其中所述突状物均具有上游端面、下游端面和从突状物的底部向顶部倾斜的两个侧面，并且其中所述叠片相对于彼此旋转，使得在第一叠片的每个突状物的两个侧面之间的间隙中流动的冷却流体冲击与所述第一叠片相邻的下游第二叠片的突状物的端面，并且其中每个突状物从所述突状物的基部向突状物的顶部渐缩，并且其中所述突状物的顶部宽度小于基部宽度以提供相邻叠片的突状物之间的沟槽，其中所述沟槽形成轴向延伸的凹槽，并在叠片的表面上沿轴向方向输送冷却流体的波动流，冷却流体的流动通过面对各突状物的下游端面的冲击而成为湍流，并借助各突状物的上游端面而产生上游涡流；并且
其中每个叠片还由向内朝向所述内缘的齿阵列来界定，所述齿提供在它们之间对准的间隙以容纳定子绕组；以及
车辆的热交换器之间的流体连接，以便冷却从环绕叠片组的冷却间隙流出的液体并将已冷却的液体返回到冷却间隙。
7.如权利要求6所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，叠片上各突状物与该叠片上相邻的突状物间隔开的距离实质上等于突状物基部的宽度，并且当所述齿之间的间隙对准以容纳绕组时，相邻叠片的突状物与间隔对准。
8.如权利要求7所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，根据关系式npin＝(2K+1)/(2Kth)乘齿数nth，突状物的个数npin与齿数nth成比例，这里，K等于选择的整数，Kth是各叠片相对于相邻叠片旋转以使相邻叠片的齿间隙对准而转过的齿数。
9.如权利要求8所述的同轴叠片组，其特征在于，所述护套在其轴向端中间具有开口以接收加压的冷却流体，加压的冷却流体以相反的轴向方向流经突状物之间的沟槽，以冷却叠片形成的叠片组，从而冷却电机的定子。
CN2007103077857A 2006-10-26 2007-10-26 用于冷却电机定子叠片组的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101232211B (zh)

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