CN101223022B - 电焊套筒组件和利用电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法 - Google Patents

电焊套筒组件和利用电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN101223022B
CN101223022B CN2006800259787A CN200680025978A CN101223022B CN 101223022 B CN101223022 B CN 101223022B CN 2006800259787 A CN2006800259787 A CN 2006800259787A CN 200680025978 A CN200680025978 A CN 200680025978A CN 101223022 B CN101223022 B CN 101223022B
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electric welding
sleeve
welding sleeve
inflatable cushion
pipeline
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CN101223022A (zh
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P·赫斯
M·格雷斯曼
D·派拉斯基
E·莱曼
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Georg Fischer Wavin AG
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Georg Fischer Wavin AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0222—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81471—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a wrap-around tape or band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B29C66/82421—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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Abstract

一种电焊套筒(1)，用于焊接由热塑性的塑料或者可焊接的塑料制成的管道，所述电焊套筒(1)包括带有用于引入电流的触头(23，24)的至少一个加热线圈(21，22)，其中该套筒端部(2，3)构造成，在焊接过程中因为压力增大而沿径向对管道端部施加作用力。还公开了利用该电焊套筒(Y)来连接管道的方法。

Description

电焊套筒组件和利用电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电焊套筒组件(Elektroschweissmuffe)，用来焊接由热塑性塑料或可焊接塑料制成的管道，其包括至少一个加热线圈(Heizdrahtwicklung)，该加热线圈带有用来引入电流的触头以及设置在该焊接套筒的外圆周上的张紧元件。
背景技术
在管道的建造中，特别是在用于供气和供水的管道网络的建造中，将越来越多地使用塑料(例如聚乙烯)制成的耐压的管道。当管道的横截面非常大时，管道壁厚以及与之相配的电焊套筒也成比例地变大。用于管道的额定直径为500mm的单个电焊套筒可能重量超过40公斤。管道本身在运输和存放中由于巨大的自重变得不圆或变成椭圆。随着增大的直径，焊接套筒和管道的壁厚的公差也都变大，使得在把管道与焊接套筒连接在一起时，留出了几个毫米的间隙。如此大的直径需要强大的电功率，而其只有在良好的热传导以及套筒内侧和管道外侧之间的良好接触的情况下才能够有效地引入。在焊接过程中必须保证，套筒的内侧在整个圆周上对管道外侧施加足够大的沿径向作用的挤压力。
文献DE29619881U1介绍了一种用于薄壁塑料管的电焊套筒。该套筒可以在接入这种管道端部后被张紧，从而均匀地施加作用于管道端部的径向力。该套筒在正面(stirnseitig)具有接管(Stutzen)，其被沿轴向开槽并构造成舌形。利用张紧箍、张紧环或者利用锁紧螺母可以将该开槽了的接管安装到该管道的外壁上。因此可以实现：管道端部可以在焊接过程中关于该电焊套筒而定向并固定。该开槽套筒的制造以及张紧环的安装使这种管道连接相对复杂。
发明内容
从现有技术出发，本发明的目的在于提供一种电焊套筒组件，其生产尽可能简单，重量尽可能地轻，并且即使管道直径很大时也可以可靠而有效地进行焊接。
该目的将通过一种用于焊接由热塑性塑料或可焊接塑料制成的管道的电焊套筒组件来实现，该电焊套筒组件的电焊套筒具有至少一个加热线圈，该加热线圈带有用来引入电流的触头以及设置在焊接套筒的外圆周上的张紧元件，其中该张紧元件构造成可以移除并可再次使用。
本发明提供一种电焊套筒组件，其用于焊接由热塑性塑料或可焊接塑料制成的管道，所述电焊套筒组件中的电焊套筒包括至少一个加热线圈，所述加热线圈带有用来引入电流的触头以及设置在所述电焊套筒外圆周上的张紧元件，所述张紧元件构造成能够被移除且能够再次使用，其特征在于，所述张紧元件由可以通过箍相互连接的可充气的至少两个软垫形成，其中所述箍设置成彼此平行延伸。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，套筒端部在所述电焊套筒的外圆周上具有构造成环形的凸筋。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述凸筋设置在位于所述电焊套筒的焊接区和外部冷却区之间的过渡区域中。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，张紧元件能够被引入到所述凸筋之间并处于所述电焊套筒的焊接区的范围内。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，可充气的所述软垫设置成完全地或部分地围绕所述焊接区的外圆周。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，在所述箍之间，设置有沿轴向伸展的、带吊环的接板。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，邻近所述凸筋的所述冷却区具有朝着套筒端部方向不断减小的外直径。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述冷却区具有至少两个部分，所述两个部分具有以不同方式减小的外直径。
按照本发明的一种优选技术方案，邻近所述凸筋的所述第一部分具有最大程度地减小的外直径。
本发明提供一种利用根据前述技术方案所述的电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法，依次包括以下步骤：
-把电焊套筒放到它的使用位置，其中所述电焊套筒被带有经由所述吊环而设置的承重绳索的起重设备提举，
-把所述张紧元件放置到邻近第一待连接管道的端部，其中所述可充气软垫放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在第一管道端部上施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第一管道端部接入所述电焊套筒，
-从所述可充气的软垫排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述电焊套筒上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈的所述触头上，从而在所述套筒和所述第一管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区挤压在所述管道端部的外圆周上，并且在熔化压力的作用下，焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-把张紧元件放置到邻近第二待连接管道的端部，其中，所述可充气软垫放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第二管道端部接入到所述电焊套筒中，
-从所述可充气软垫排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述电焊套筒上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈的所述触头上，从而在所述套筒和第二管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区挤压在管道端部的外圆周上，并且，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-从所述可充气软垫中排掉压力，并且
-移除所述张紧元件。
本发明还提供一种根据前述技术方案所述的电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法，依次包括以下步骤：
-把所述电焊套筒放置在它的使用位置，其中所述套筒被带有经由所述吊环而设置的承重绳索的起重设备提举，
-把所述张紧元件放置到邻近第一待连接管道的端部，其中所述可充气软垫放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-给可充气软垫充气，其中在第一管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第一管道端部接入所述电焊套筒，
-从所述可充气软垫排掉压力，
-放置张紧元件到邻近第二待连接管道的端部，其中，所述可充气软垫放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第二管道端部接入所述电焊套筒，
-从所述可充气软垫中排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在电焊套筒上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈的所述触头上，在所述套筒和所述管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区挤压在所述管道端部的外圆周上，并且，在熔化压力的作用下，焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-从所述可充气软垫中排掉压力，以及
-移除所述张紧元件。
当管道连接部具有尽可能轻的重量时是有利的。这通过使附接在凸筋上的冷却区(Kaltzonen)具有朝套筒端部不断减小的外直径来实现。通过凸筋和套筒端部的特殊尺寸可以使在熔化过程中在焊接区产生的力被导入到套筒端部。该套筒端部被径向地挤压到管道的外壁上。
这也可以通过特殊的产生管道连接的方法来实现。在电焊套筒上并不把额外的部件，例如管道箍、张紧箍或者锁紧螺母等作为张紧元件而一体地形成在或者集成在其上。张紧元件可以再次使用，并且也可以用于其他目的。
附图说明
参考附图将对本发明的实施例进行描述。其中：
图1显示了穿过根据本发明的电焊套筒的截面，
图2显示了穿过图1中电焊套筒局部区域的截面，
图3显示了图1中电焊套筒的透视图，
图4显示了图1中电焊套筒的另一透视图以及
图5显示了带有吊环
Figure GSB00000415330900051
的电焊套筒的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2显示了用于塑料管道的电焊套筒1的截面。图1中的电焊套筒1用来在建造供气或供水或下水道网络时连接管道段。图1中的电焊套筒1在套筒端部2、3两端具有相同的内直径。该电焊套筒1构造成笔直延伸的管形部件，而待连接管道的轴线彼此对齐。
然而在实践中，管道轴线也可以设置成一定角度，而电焊套筒也可以在两个套筒端部2、3具有不同的内直径。对于多个管道的分叉，也可以使用Y形或T形的电焊成型件。
该电焊套筒1具有(沿轴线方向看的)在第一套筒端部2与第二套筒端部3之间的、不同环形构造的范围或者说区域：第一外部冷却区4、第一焊接区5、内部冷却区6、第二焊接区7以及第二外部冷却区8。内部冷却区6构造成关于电焊套筒1的中线10对称。在中线10上，待连接的管道(未显示)相互接触。
在中线10上，还可以在套筒1的内侧上设置深度限制器(Tiefenanschlag)。利用该深度限制器可以将第一管道与第二管道以尽可能简单的方法和方式正确地并足够深地推进该套筒1中。
在电焊套筒1的内侧上还设有加热线圈21、22，其可以通过触头23、24与电压源连接。在电焊套筒1外侧上还设置有所谓的焊接指示器，该焊接指示器包括位于导轨中的、塑料材料制成的特殊销钉，并向外部显示焊接套筒内部的熔化过程的进展。由于电焊套筒的内部的压力上升，指示器销钉被向外挤压。
在外圆周上套筒1具有两个凸筋12、13。凸筋12、13在套筒1的外侧上，在位于焊接套筒1的焊接区5、7和外部冷却区4、8之间的过渡区域中构造成环形。凸筋12、13可以在外圆周上构造成连贯的或不连贯的环形。
图2显示了第一套筒端部2的一部分的放大视图。从中可以看出，电焊套筒1的壁厚在第一凸筋12和第一套筒端部2之间的冷却区4的范围内是如何减少的。冷却区4(位于凸筋12与套筒端部2之间)包括两个部分14、15，其具有朝着套筒端部方向不断减小的壁厚。套筒1的外直径在第二段15处(其离凸筋12较远而离套筒端部2较近)比起在第一段14处(其离凸筋12较近)减小得比较慢。套筒的内直径在整个冷却区4内保持不变。当电焊套筒1被加热时，管道与套筒的熔化的塑料的体积在焊接区的范围内增加。由于这增加的体积，冷却区4、6、8上的压力增大。通过对凸筋12、13以及外部冷却区4、8进行特殊的尺寸设计，使施加在凸筋12、13的沿轴向的作用力转化成沿径向的作用力。冷却区4、8沿径向向内改变形状并压到待焊接的管道端部的外壁上。
使用可充气的软垫16、17(其设置在电焊套筒1的外侧上)有利于力线的转向。
在图3、图4和图5中示意性显示了电焊套筒1。这里显示了两个软垫16、17，其利用夹紧箍18、19而彼此相连。可充气的软垫16、17也可以包围比焊接套筒的整个圆周少的多的地方。当管道或者该焊接套筒不是完全的圆形时这是尤其有利的。尤其是当管道具有大的直径时，其容易变成非圆形或者椭圆形。那么可充气的软垫16、17就正好可以放置在直径最大的地方。也可能有多于两个的软垫16、17利用夹紧箍18、19连接到张紧元件上。不仅在圆周方向上(也就是在前后相随的夹紧箍上)，还可以在轴线方向上(也就是在彼此相邻的夹紧箍上)，将多个软垫连接到比较大的张紧元件上，该张紧元件遮盖了电焊套筒的整个长度及/或整个外圆周。
在软垫16上显示有连接管路20，其可以与气动的或者液压的压力产生器连接。当软垫16、17放置在具有最大直径的地方并充气时，套筒和位于其下的管道就被压在一起。套筒以及管道的圆形形状可以再次产生。
图5中显示了夹紧箍18、19与接板(Steg)25(其沿轴向伸展)的连接方式。在接板25上可以设有吊环26。利用吊环26，电焊套筒1(可具有超过40Kg的重量)可以被起重设备提起或者抬高。在铺设直径超过500mm的供应管道时，施工地点通常都配备有起重设备。
利用电焊套筒进行管道连接的过程(尤其是当直径很大时)如下：利用可充气的软垫16、17，第一管道端部(必须被焊接)在直径最大的地方被围住。借此再次产生出管道的圆形形状并且使得管道端部易于接入电焊套筒中。接着第二管道的端部以同样的方式被围住、压成圆形并接入电焊套筒中。当两个管道端部都接入电焊套筒中时，把可充气的软垫安装在电焊套筒的圆周上、凸筋12、13之间。可充气的软垫起临时性的作用并且作为用于电焊套筒的额外的装备而再次使用。
该张紧元件本身也可以设有向内(也即朝向焊接套筒的外圆周)指向的凸筋。凸筋形成在可充气的软垫16、17的边缘。于是在电焊套筒的外侧，形成有代替凸筋12、13的槽口，其匹配地容纳张紧元件的凸筋。
利用根据本发明的电焊套筒的管道连接也可以首先在第一管道端部的侧面上并接着在第二管道端部的侧面上产生。为此加热线圈21、22可以设置在用于两个焊接区(其位于电焊套筒的两端)的隔开的两个电流回路中。当焊接工具的功率较小时，加热线圈也可分配在多于两个的电流回路中(其各自带有多于两个的触头23、24)。加热线圈21、22也可以分配成，使得多个焊接工具可以同时连接。焊接区本身也可以分成较小的具有不同任务的区域，相应于每个区域的任务，可以使张紧元件具有不同张紧效果且施加不同的力到焊接连接部中。
由于临时地额外地装备了可移除的又可再次使用的张紧元件，电焊套筒1可以设计成具有较轻的重量。该张紧元件可以使用在不同的环境温度下。在焊接过程中，可充气的软垫16、17承受由熔化过程在焊接区5、7所产生的压力。
临时的张紧元件也可以和由热塑材料制成的加固箍(其与套筒主体的外圆周构成作用力锁定的连接)根据文献DE4203626A1而结合。
通过套筒主体外圆周上的张紧元件的作用力锁定的设置，在焊接过程中产生指向内部的压力，其作用在熔化的材料上并且产生对于优良的焊接连接来说所必需的焊接压力。通过凸筋12、13以及外部冷却区4、8的特殊形状，可以把力从焊接区引到冷却区4、8中。
总而言之，本文公开了一种电焊套筒，其具有尽可能小的重量，而可以对额定直径较大的管道进行尽可能良好的焊接，同时也可以用在非圆管道的焊接中。

Claims (11)

1.一种电焊套筒组件，其用于焊接由可焊接塑料制成的管道，所述电焊套筒组件中的电焊套筒(1)包括至少一个加热线圈(21，22)，所述加热线圈(21，22)带有用来引入电流的触头(23，24)以及设置在所述电焊套筒(1)外圆周上的张紧元件(16，17，18，19)，所述张紧元件(16，17，18，19)构造成能够被移除且能够再次使用，其特征在于，所述张紧元件由可以通过箍(18，19)相互连接的可充气的至少两个软垫(16，17)形成，其中所述箍(18，19)设置成彼此平行延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，套筒端部(2，3)在所述电焊套筒(1)的外圆周上具有构造成环形的凸筋(12，13)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，所述凸筋(12，13)设置在位于所述电焊套筒(1)的焊接区(5，7)和外部冷却区(4，8)之间的过渡区域中。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，张紧元件能够被引入到所述凸筋(12，13)之间并处于所述电焊套筒(1)的焊接区(5，7)的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，可充气的所述软垫(16，17)设置成完全地或部分地围绕所述焊接区(5，7)的外圆周。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，在所述箍(18，19)之间，设置有沿轴向伸展的、带吊环(26)的接板(25)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，邻近所述凸筋(12，13)的所述冷却区(4，8)具有朝着套筒端部方向不断减小的外直径。
8.根据权利要求3所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，所述冷却区(4，8)具有至少两个部分(14，15)，所述两个部分(14，15)具有以不同方式减小的外直径。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电焊套筒组件，其特征在于，所述可焊接塑料是热塑性塑料。
10.一种利用根据权利要求3，4，7或8所述的电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法，依次包括以下步骤：
-把电焊套筒(1)放到它的使用位置，其中所述电焊套筒被带有经由所述吊环(26)而设置的承重绳索的起重设备提举，
-把所述张紧元件(16，17，18，19)放置到邻近第一待连接管道的端部，其中所述可充气软垫(16，17)放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在第一管道端部上施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第一管道端部接入所述电焊套筒(1)，
-从所述可充气的软垫排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋(12，13)之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区(5，7)的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述电焊套筒(1)上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈(21，22)的所述触头(23，24)上，从而在所述套筒和所述第一管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区(4，8)挤压在所述管道端部的外圆周上，并且在熔化压力的作用下，焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-把张紧元件放置到邻近第二待连接管道的端部，其中，所述可充气软垫(16，17)放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第二管道端部接入到所述电焊套筒中，
-从所述可充气软垫(16，17)排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋(12，13)之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区(5，7)的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述电焊套筒(1)上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈(21，22)的所述触头(23，24)上，从而在所述套筒和第二管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区(4，8)挤压在管道端部的外圆周上，并且，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-从所述可充气软垫(16，17)中排掉压力，并且
-移除所述张紧元件(16，17，18，19)。
11.一种利用根据权利要求3，4，7或8所述的电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法，依次包括以下步骤：
-把所述电焊套筒(1)放置在它的使用位置，其中所述套筒被带有经由所述吊环(26)而设置的承重绳索的起重设备提举，
-把所述张紧元件(16，17，18，19)放置到邻近第一待连接管道的端部，其中所述可充气软垫(16，17)放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-给可充气软垫充气，其中在第一管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第一管道端部接入所述电焊套筒(1)，
-从所述可充气软垫(16，17)排掉压力，
-放置张紧元件到邻近第二待连接管道的端部，其中，所述可充气软垫放置在具有最大管道直径的地方，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在所述管道端部施加恰当的压力，使得管道的直径在所有方向上都相等，
-将第二管道端部接入所述电焊套筒，
-从所述可充气软垫(16，17)中排掉压力，
-把所述张紧元件放置在所述凸筋(12，13)之间并处于所述电焊套筒的所述焊接区(5，7)的范围内，
-对所述可充气软垫充气，其中，在电焊套筒(1)上施加恰当的压力，使得外直径在所有方向上都相等，
-通过把电流引到所述加热线圈(21，22)的所述触头(23，24)上，在所述套筒和所述管道端部之间产生焊接连接，其中，在熔化压力的作用下，所述焊接套筒的所述冷却区(4，8)挤压在所述管道端部的外圆周上，并且，在熔化压力的作用下，焊接指示器被从其导轨中压出，
-从所述可充气软垫(16，17)中排掉压力，以及
-移除所述张紧元件(16，17，18，19)。
CN2006800259787A 2005-07-18 2006-06-26 电焊套筒组件和利用电焊套筒组件来产生管道连接的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101223022B (zh)

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