CN101204921B - 用于混合驱动装置的双离合器 - Google Patents

用于混合驱动装置的双离合器 Download PDF

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CN101204921B
CN101204921B CN2007103009351A CN200710300935A CN101204921B CN 101204921 B CN101204921 B CN 101204921B CN 2007103009351 A CN2007103009351 A CN 2007103009351A CN 200710300935 A CN200710300935 A CN 200710300935A CN 101204921 B CN101204921 B CN 101204921B
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clutch
double
shaft
motor
output shaft
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CN101204921A (zh
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M·克卢格
E·桑德
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车的混合驱动装置的双离合器，具有可由内燃机驱动的输入轴和变速器连接的输出轴。其中与输出轴同轴地延伸的中间轴可由电机驱动，其中所述输入轴和中间轴可以通过双离合器的第一离合器彼此耦连。根据本发明，中间轴和输出轴可以通过双离合器的第二离合器彼此耦连，其中在所述电机和与输出轴同轴地向着变速器延伸的外部从动轴之间设置有第三离合器，所述双离合器的输出轴与变速器的第一挡位组驱动连接，并且所述外部从动轴与变速器的第二挡位组驱动连接，其中为了在第一组的挡位中驱动变速器，仅双离合器的第一和第二离合器被闭合，并且为了在第二组的挡位中驱动变速器，仅双离合器的第一和第三离合器被闭合，并且分别断开电机。

Description

用于混合驱动装置的双离合器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合驱动装置的双离合器。此外，本发明还涉及一种具有这种双离合器的汽车。
背景技术
通常混合汽车表示使用多个能源，例如内然机和电机的汽车。为了能达到尽可能高的能效，在混合汽车中通常使用所谓的并联混合驱动装置(Parallel-Hybrid-Antriebe)。这种并联混合驱动装置使得电机和内燃机不仅能替代地，而且也能累加地将扭矩导入到变速器中。与首先将能量从内燃机的机械能转化为电能，然后用于驱动电机的串联混合驱动装置的区别在于，并联混合驱动装置并不总是在最佳工作点上工作，因为内燃机和电机是通过变速器彼此机械耦连的。因此在现有技术中，在这方面通常建议使用一种双离合传动装置。
例如DE 10 2004 062 530 A1公开了一种双离合器传动装置。该传动装置是如此构造的，即根据相应的运行状态，在达到较高的作用效率时可将电机的扭矩和/或内燃机的扭矩导入到传动链上。
发明内容
本发明致力于解决这一问题，即为这种类型的双离合器提供改进的实施方式，或者至少提供另外的实施方式，其尤其在应用于混合驱动装置中时能够实现紧凑的结构。
根据本发明，这个问题通过一种用于汽车的混合驱动装置的双离合器得以解决，其具有：
-可由内燃机驱动的输入轴，
-和变速器连接的输出轴，
-可由电机驱动的并与输出轴同轴地延伸的中间轴，
-其中，所述输入轴和中间轴可以通过双离合器的第一离合器彼此耦连，
其中，所述中间轴和输出轴可以通过双离合器的第二离合器彼此耦连，其中在所述电机和与输出轴同轴地向着变速器延伸的外部从动轴之间设置有第三离合器，所述双离合器的输出轴与变速器的第一挡位组驱动连接，并且所述外部从动轴与变速器的第二挡位组驱动连接，其中为了在第一组的挡位中驱动变速器，仅双离合器的第一和第二离合器被闭合，并且为了在第二组的挡位中驱动变速器，仅双离合器的第一和第三离合器被闭合，并且分别断开电机。
本发明是建立在这样的总构思之上，即在用于汽车的并联混合驱动装置中，通过一种商业上通用的双离合器代替通常设置在电机的驱动侧和从动侧的两个离合器，并且通过此措施明显地缩短了传动链的结构长度。其中所采用的双离合器具有可由燃烧驱动的输入轴和与变速器连接的输出轴，其中，附加地设置可由电机驱动且与输出轴同轴地延伸的中间轴。输入轴和中间轴可通过双离合器的第一离合器彼此耦连，而中间轴和输出轴通过双离合器的第二离合器彼此耦连。其中电机直接和中间轴驱动连接。因此根据运行状态来打开或者闭合双离合器的两个离合器，可简单地实现单个的运行状态。因此，只要闭合两个离合器以及使电机没有电流通过，例如就可纯粹地由燃烧驱动行驶。在这种状态下，电机可用作发电机，并且给储能装置充电。当不要将驱动矩传递到变速器时，可将第二离合器打开，并且通过被闭合的第一离合器使电机通过内燃机被驱动，并且用于给储能装置充电。而在纯电运行时，仅闭合第二离合器，而打开第一离合器，这样，内燃机就和电机脱耦。在一种助力运行(Boostbetrieb)中，闭合两个离合器，并且电机和内燃机都将扭矩引入到变速器中。
输出轴同轴地延伸穿过电机是合适的。通过这一措施可达到特别紧凑和使结构空间最小化的结构形式，因为与现有技术不同之处是，电机紧靠双离合器设置，而不是安装在它的旁边，要是这样就必须设置附加的扭矩传递部件。特别是这样可以节省重量，这除了需要小的结构空间外，特别是对跑车制造特别有利。
在根据本发明的方案的另一实施方式中，输入轴与输出轴同轴地设置。输入轴与输出轴的同轴取向具有很大的优点，即例如无需借助万向节进行力转向，通过此措施仅出现小的传递损失或者传动损失。
由附图和借助于附图的所述附图说明中得到本发明的其它重要特征和优点。
当然，上述特征和下述还将论述的特征不仅可应用在上述分别给出的组合中，而且在不脱离本发明的框架下，也可用在其它的组合中，或者单独使用。
在附图中示出了本发明的一些优选实施例，在下述说明中将对这些实施例进行更加详细的说明，其中，相同的附图标记涉及相同的或者类似的或者功能相同的结构部件。
附图说明
附图示意地示出：
图1根据本发明的用于混合汽车的双离合器，
图2a至d根据本发明的双离合器的不同运行状态，
图3根据本发明的具有附加第三离合器的双离合器，
图4a至d根据本发明的具有附加第三离合器的双离合器的不同运行状态。
具体实施方式
根据图1，根据本发明用于汽车的其他部分未示出的混合驱动装置的双离合器1，具有一个可由内燃机7驱动的输入轴2。在从动侧，双离合器1具有一个与变速器3连接的输出轴4。其中根据图1，输入轴2和输出轴4彼此同轴布置。此外，双离合器1还具有一个可由电机5驱动的且与输出轴4同轴地延伸的中间轴6。在此中间轴6也同样与输入轴2或者与输出轴4同轴布置。此外，中间轴6优选地构造成空心轴。输出轴4在该空心轴内延伸。通常双离合器1具有两个离合器，也就是一个第一离合器K1和一个第二离合器K2。其中第一离合器K1设置在输入轴2和中间轴6之间，并且在闭合状态下将两个轴2和6连接起来。通过双离合器1的第二离合器K2，可将中间轴6和输出轴4彼此耦连。其中电机5直接和中间轴6连接。
其中混合驱动装置优选地构造为并联混合驱动装置，使得内燃机7和电机5不仅可以替代地，而且可以累加地将扭矩导入到变速器3中。
通过根据本发明的双离合器1，可将标准的双离合器集成到一个混合驱动装置中，并且通过这一措施可省掉两个到目前为止单独安置的、通常设置在电机5的驱动侧和从动侧的离合器。特别是根据本发明的双离合器1允许混合驱动装置的传动链具有明显更加紧凑的结构。这对于较小的结构空间而言是特别有利的。
图2a至2d示出双离合器1或者混合驱动装置的不同运行状态。在图2a中，无论是双离合器1的第一离合器K1还是第二离合器K2都是闭合的，并且电机5断开。在这种状态中，装配有根据本发明的混合驱动装置的汽车纯粹由燃烧驱动，其中同时可将电机5用作发动机，并且给未示出的储能装置例如汽车电池充电。根据图2，在运行状态下，内燃机7驱动输入轴2，由于离合器K1是闭合的，所以输入轴的扭矩被传递到中间轴6。因为中间轴6直接与电机5连接，所以内燃机7也驱动电机5。由于第二离合器K2也是闭合的，所以由输入轴2传递到中间轴6的扭矩被传递到输出轴4，该输出轴4和变速器3驱动连接。
图2b示出一种充电运行状态。在该运行状态中，装备有根据本发明的混合驱动装置的汽车不运动。在此由内燃机7产生扭矩，并且将此扭矩传递到输入轴2。因为离合器K1是闭合的，所以该扭矩被传递到中间轴6，并且因此进一步传递到电机5，在此该电机仅用作给汽车电池充电的发电机。双离合器1的第二离合器K2被打开，这样就没有扭矩从中间轴6传递到输出轴4或者变速器3。
图2c示出电机运行状态。在该运行状态中，汽车纯粹电驱动。其中电机5产生扭矩。该扭矩继续传递到中间轴6。由于离合器K2是闭合的，该扭矩从中间轴6传递到输出轴4，并且因此传递到变速器3。与此相对，第一离合器K1是打开的，这样，就没有扭矩从中间轴6传递到输入轴2，因此也没有扭矩传递到内燃机7。然而也可以设想，在开动内燃机7时闭合第一离合器K1，并且将第二离合器K2至少稍微打开，这样电机5就可以开动或者拖拉内燃机7。
图2d示出一种所谓的助力运行状态(Boost-Betriebszustand)。在该运行状态中，无论是双离合器1的第一离合器K1还是第二离合器K2都是闭合的，并且无论是内燃机7还是电机5都产生扭矩。其中由于离合器K1是闭合的，由内燃机7产生的扭矩经过输入轴2被传递到中间轴6，而该中间轴同时被电机5驱动。由于第二离合器K2是闭合的，因此这个在中间轴6上累加的扭矩被传递到输出轴4，并且因此传递到变速器3。当汽车要特别快地加速时，或者当电机5的功率例如由于电池至少部分地放电不再足以单独驱动汽车行驶时，这种助力运行状态就很有意义。
在图3中示出根据本发明的双离合器1，其中这里在电机5和一个与输出轴4同轴地朝着变速器3延伸的外部从动轴8之间设置有一个第三离合器K3。其中双离合器1的输出轴4可同第一挡位组9，例如同奇数挡位驱动连接，而外部从动轴8可同第二挡位组10，例如偶数挡位驱动连接。
图4a至4d又示出不同的运行状态。图4a示出一种燃烧驱动状态。在该状态中，双离合器1的两个离合器K1和K2被闭合，而第三离合器K3是打开的。其中电机5被断开。扭矩从内燃机7传递到输入轴2，并从该输入轴经过第一离合器K1传递到中间轴6，并且通过第二离合器K2传递到输出轴4。其中该输出轴4优选地可和第一挡位组9，也就是同例如奇数挡位驱动连接。因为中间轴6并且由此电机5也同样是由内燃机7驱动的，所以在这种运行状态下，可将电机5用作给汽车电池充电的发电机。
图4b示出一种燃烧驱动状态。在该状态中，可由内燃机7驱动第二挡位组10，也就是例如偶数挡位。为此，双离合器1的第一离合器K1如同第三离合器K3一样是闭合的。电机5被中断。在根据图4b的运行状态中，扭矩从内燃机7传递到输入轴2，并且通过双离合器1的被闭合的第一离合器K1传递到中间轴6。中间轴6直接和电机5驱动连接，并通过被闭合的第三离合器K3同外部从动轴8驱动连接。在这种运行状态中，电机5也同样可用作给汽车电池充电的发电机。在这种运行状态中的行驶仅靠内燃机在第二挡位组10中实现，例如在偶数挡位中实现。
图4c示出一种电驱动状态。在该驱动状态中，双离合器1只有第二离合器K2是闭合的，而第一离合器K1和第三离合器K3是打开的。在这种电驱动状态中，内燃机7是断开的。其中电机5产生扭矩，电机将这个扭矩传递到中间轴6，并且通过被闭合的离合器K2传递给输出轴4。其中输出轴4可同第一挡位组9连接。
图4d也示出一种电驱动状态。在该驱动状态中，电机5产生扭矩，由于第三离合器K3是闭合的，因此电机将该扭矩传递到外部从动轴8，并且因此传递到第二挡位组10。双离合器1的第一离合器K1和第二离合器K2是打开的，这样，扭矩从中间轴6既不能传递到输入轴2，也不能传递到输出轴4。
为重新启动内燃机7，在根据图4c和图4d在电驱动状态下，可以闭合双离合器1的第一离合器K1，这样电机5拖拉内燃机7。
其中根据本发明的双离合器1的所有示出实施方式具有一个共同点，即输出轴4同轴地延伸穿过电机5，并且由此实现特别紧凑的结构。

Claims (9)

1. 一种用于汽车的混合驱动装置的双离合器（1），具有：
- 可由内燃机（7）驱动的输入轴（2），
- 和变速器（3）连接的输出轴（4），
- 可由电机（5）驱动的并与输出轴（4）同轴地延伸的中间轴（6），
- 其中，所述输入轴（2）和中间轴（6）可以通过双离合器（1）的第一离合器（K1）彼此耦连，
其特征在于，所述中间轴（6）和输出轴（4）可以通过双离合器（1）的第二离合器（K2）彼此耦连，其中在所述电机（5）和与输出轴（4）同轴地向着变速器（3）延伸的外部从动轴（8）之间设置有第三离合器（K3），并且所述双离合器（1）的输出轴（4）与变速器（3）的第一挡位组（9）驱动连接，并且所述外部从动轴（8）与变速器（3）的第二挡位组（10）驱动连接，其中为了在第一组（9）的挡位中驱动变速器（3），仅双离合器（1）的第一和第二离合器（K1、K2）被闭合，并且为了在第二组（10）的挡位中驱动变速器（3），仅双离合器（1）的第一和第三离合器（K1、K3）被闭合，并且分别断开电机（5）。
2. 按照权利要求1所述的双离合器，其特征在于，所述输入轴（2）与输出轴（4）同轴地布置。
3. 按照权利要求1或2所述的双离合器，其特征在于，所述混合驱动装置构造为并联混合驱动装置，使得内燃机（7）和电机（5）不但可以替代地，而且也可以累加地将扭矩导入到变速器（3）中。
4. 按照权利要求1或2所述的双离合器，其特征在于，在电驱动状态下，仅双离合器（1）的第二离合器（K2）被闭合。
5. 按照权利要求1或2所述的双离合器，其特征在于，在充电状态下，至少双离合器（1）的第一离合器（K1）被闭合，并且电机（5）可用作给储能装置充电的发电机。
6. 按照权利要求1或2所述的双离合器，其特征在于，在助力状态下，双离合器（1）的第一和第二离合器（K1、K2）被闭合，并且输出轴（4）既被内燃机（7）驱动，也被电机（5）驱动。
7. 按照权利要求1所述的双离合器，其特征在于，在电驱动状态下，为了在第一组（9）的挡位中驱动变速器（3），仅双离合器（1）的第二离合器（K2）被闭合，并且为了在第二组（10）的挡位中驱动变速器（3），仅双离合器（1）的第三离合器（K3）被闭合，并且分别断开内燃机（7）。
8. 按照权利要求1或2所述的双离合器，其特征在于，所述输出轴（4）同轴地延伸穿过电机（5）。
9. 具有按照权利要求1至8中任一项所述双离合器（1）的汽车。
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JP2008150033A (ja) 2008-07-03
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CN101204921A (zh) 2008-06-25
US7784573B2 (en) 2010-08-31
KR101421730B1 (ko) 2014-07-22
EP1932741A2 (de) 2008-06-18
US20080142283A1 (en) 2008-06-19
JP4477666B2 (ja) 2010-06-09

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