CN101115585B - 电动工具齿轮组及其转矩过载离合器 - Google Patents

电动工具齿轮组及其转矩过载离合器 Download PDF

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CN101115585B
CN101115585B CN2006800043886A CN200680004388A CN101115585B CN 101115585 B CN101115585 B CN 101115585B CN 2006800043886 A CN2006800043886 A CN 2006800043886A CN 200680004388 A CN200680004388 A CN 200680004388A CN 101115585 B CN101115585 B CN 101115585B
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gear
motor
electric tool
clutch
spring
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CN101115585A (zh
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阿纳-玛丽亚·罗伯茨
大卫·普罗德罗克
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Black & White Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/141—Mechanical overload release couplings

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)
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  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种手持马达驱动的电动工具，包括：马达，其具有在使用过程中由其驱动的驱动轴；用于马达的壳体；齿轮组，其具有与马达轴相连的输入端、驱动刀具的输出端、两个或多个齿轮减速装置，齿轮减速装置位于输入、输出端之间，使得在使用过程中，输出端相对于马达轴的较高或较低的速率旋转，齿轮组设置在齿轮箱中；离合器机构，布置成当施加于输出端的扭力超过预定阈值时中断从马达向输出端的驱动，包括可手动操作的转盘和弹簧部件，转盘用于改变驱动被中断时的阈值，离合器机构的一部分设置在由马达的一部分、马达壳体和/或转盘、齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中，贯穿销设置成将来自弹簧的载荷传送经过第一齿轮减速装置的一部件。

Description

电动工具齿轮组及其转矩过载离合器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有齿轮组和转矩过载离合器的电动工具。具体而言，本发明涉及手持的马达驱动电动工具，但本发明还同样适用于其它形式的电动工具。 
背景技术
已知的手持式马达驱动的电动工具(具体为螺丝刀)通常在齿轮箱中结合有离合器过载机构。所述离合器设置成在作用于电动工具输出端上的扭力超过阈值时中断或切断动力传动系统。这可以通过使齿轮组的部件彼此滑动或松脱而实现。在这种情况下，马达继续运行，而齿轮箱输出端、且由此刀具不再旋转。这样，所述离合器可被用于防止螺母或螺钉被旋紧超过一定转矩(在该转矩下，例如可能会剥去螺纹)。 
传统电动工具中的齿轮组通常具有两个或更多个齿轮减速装置，并常常结合有变速设备。所述齿轮通常为周转、或行星类型的齿轮，这样的齿轮在紧凑尺寸或体积的情况下可以提供相对大的减速比。在EP0613758A1中描述了这种用于电动工具的齿轮箱。 
传统的马达驱动螺丝刀具有设置在齿轮组的输出齿轮上的离合器。过载离合器常常是滚珠离合器类型，其中滚珠位于齿环上的承窝中，如EP0613758A1中所示例的那样。所述滚珠被弹簧施加的载荷或力推入所述承窝中。使用者可通过调节围绕在齿轮箱与卡盘之间的齿轮箱输出端设置的转矩调节套圈而改变弹簧力。对所述套圈的调节改变了弹簧的压缩度，并由此改变了由弹簧施加在滚珠离合器上的力。使离合器滑动所需的转矩随着弹簧的压缩度和/或套圈的位置而变化。如EP1445074A1中所述的那样，离合器也可以采用销(pin)，而不是滚珠。 
将离合器设置在减速齿轮组的输出齿轮上(例如，三齿轮组中的第三齿轮)导致在所述离合器滑动之前需要相对高的扭力。这从而需要相对大的力施加到离合器机构上以维持离合器部件不滑动。这样，需要相对大和重的弹簧来施加必需的力。 
为了减小弹簧的尺寸和重量，可将离合器设置在齿轮组的需要较低扭力的不同部分上。例如，所述离合器可以设置在靠近用于减速齿轮组的马达驱动器的齿轮上。在这种设置中，对于传统的马达驱动的螺丝刀而言，离合器调节套圈(使用者通过该离合器调节套圈设置离合器松脱时的扭力)和弹簧设置在齿轮箱输出端周围，从齿轮箱的卡盘端延伸从而增加了电动工具的长度。需要传送机构以将弹簧载荷施加于离合器机构。所述传送机构设置成或者穿过所述齿轮，或者围绕所述齿轮施加所述载荷。这种传送机构通常包括连接销(link-pin)等以将所述弹簧联结至离合器片。这样，减小弹簧尺寸获得的重量节省由于传送机构带来的重量增加而变得最小。 
EP302229A2描述了一种设置在第三行星齿轮上的离合器机构。可通过调节转矩设定钮而设定一定范围的转矩，所述转矩设定钮调节弹簧的偏压力。所述弹簧将滚珠推入第三齿轮上的凹槽中。当转矩超过载荷时，第三齿轮在所述滚珠上松脱。齿轮的轴向运动使连接至第一行星齿轮的齿轮的滑动销向后运动。所述销动作以推动制动盘(其通常使第一齿轮的运动停止)，并由此允许第一齿轮在所述离合器松脱时自由运动。 
在多速多齿轮减速齿轮箱中，存在与设置在变速机构之后(或其下游)的齿轮上的离合器机构有关的问题。该问题在于转矩离合器在各速度上具有有限的范围。这是因为，在高速设定(对减速齿轮箱而言)下，仅使用了部分、而非全部的齿轮减速装置。由此，输出转矩被限制为马达转矩乘以运转齿轮的减速比。相对比的是，当以最低速度运行时，使用所有的齿轮减速装置，由此输出转矩等于马达转矩乘以所有齿轮的减速比。因此，在低速时，输出端可施加全范围的转矩，但是在高速时不能利用所述范围。因此，如果所述转矩过载离合器被设计为在落入针对两种速度的最大转矩输出之间的一最大转矩值时松脱，则在低速时可利用所有的转矩，而在高速时仅可利用一部分转矩。 
发明内容
本发明旨在改进现有技术存在的问题，其中一些问题在上文进行了描述。 
更确切而言，本发明提供一种手持马达驱动的电动工具，该电动工具包括：马达，该马达具有在使用过程中由所述马达驱动的驱动轴；壳体，该壳体用于所述马达；齿轮组，该齿轮组具有与所述马达轴相连的输入端、用于驱动刀具的输出端、以及两个或多个齿轮减速装置，所述两个或多个齿轮减速装置位于所述输入端和所述输出端之间，且布置成使得在使用过程中，所述输出端以相对于所述马达轴的较高或较低的速率旋转，所述齿轮组设置在齿轮箱中；离合器机构，该离合器机构布置成当施加于所述输出端的扭力超过预定转矩阈值时中断从所述马达向所述输出端的驱动，所述离合器机构包括可手动操作的转盘和弹簧部件，所述转盘设置成用于由使用者改变驱动被中断时的所述预定扭力；所述离合器机构的一部分，诸如离合弹簧或弹簧加载装置设置在由所述马达的一部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中，贯穿销设置成将来自所述弹簧的载荷传送经过第一齿轮减速装置的一部件。 
优选的是，所述转盘设置在所述齿轮箱上或其周围靠近所述马达壳体、或者位于所述马达壳体和所述齿轮箱之间、或者在所述马达壳体上或其周围。 
广义上，本发明有利地提供了一种马达驱动的电动工具，其中，所述驱动系统(包括马达、齿轮组和离合器机构)紧凑并且重量轻。在本发明的实施方式中，这是通过在所述马达和齿轮组之间设置所述离合器机构的至少一部分，如调节转盘(或套圈)和/或有弹性的弹簧或弹簧加载装置而实现的。所述离合器弹簧和转矩调节转盘可以分别设置在所述马达和齿轮组之间，以及所述马达壳体和齿轮组的可见部分之间。有利的是，这种设置会在总体上缩短所述电动工具的长度。而且，这种设置在电动工具最靠近卡盘的前端上留出空的空间，该空间中可以设置有诸 如工件照明装置之类的辅助设备。 
优选的是，所述离合器机构包括离合器弹簧，所述离合器弹簧设置成用于将弹簧力施加于设置在齿轮组中或马达轴上的第一离合器片，其中在使用过程中所述弹簧力被施加成保持所述第一离合器片与第二离合器片静态接触，同时施加于所述输出端的扭力低于所述预定阈值。所述弹簧部件可布置成机械连接、或联结至所述转盘，从而所述转盘的旋转改变施加于所述离合器片的弹簧力。这种设置有利地使得使用者可调节在所述驱动系统被中断时的转矩。 
在一个实施方式中，所述离合器弹簧可设置在由所述马达的一些部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱所限定的体积中。而且，设置在所述体积中的离合器机构的所述部分可以是弹簧加载装置、和/或所述弹簧、和/或所述第一离合器片中的任一种(或其任意组合)。因为所述弹簧设置于在传统电动工具中没有为此目的而加以利用的空间内，从而这种设置与传统工具相比会在总体上缩短电动工具的长度。弹簧加载装置可以包括臂或柄脚，所述臂或柄脚的第一端联结至所述转盘，第二端与一系列阶梯接合，所述阶梯具有不同的轴向长度，从而在使用的过程中当所述转盘围绕所述马达旋转时所述臂相对于所述马达沿轴向方向(纵向)移动。优选的是，所述臂联结至所述弹簧，从而所述弹簧通过所述臂的轴向移动而被压缩或解压。所述弹簧可联结至所述转盘，从而所述转盘的旋转改变由所述弹簧施加于所述第一离合器片的弹簧力。 
优选的是，并且所述离合器机构设置成当施加于所述输出端的扭力超过所述预定阈值时中断第二齿轮减速装置处的驱动。这种设置对其中所述变速机构设置在所述第三齿轮减速装置上的两速、三级齿轮减速装置特别有利。在这种齿轮组中，将所述离合器设置在变速机构之前的齿轮上使得可对两种/所有速度在整个预定阈值范围内使用所有的转矩设置。优选的是，所述齿轮组包括开关机构，所述开关机构用于在相对于马达轴旋转速度的第一速度和第二速度之间改变输出端的速度。 
所述贯穿销可设置成被所述弹簧载荷推靠在所述第一止推板上。换 言之，所述贯穿销起到了将弹簧载荷传送至止推板的作用。所述止推板优选地包括沿径向延伸的突起或肋，所述突起或肋设置成与所述第二齿轮减速装置的部件上的槽或类似的肋配合，从而当施加于输出端的扭力超过所述预定阈值时，所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部件可相对于所述止推板移动，并且当施加于所述输出端的转矩低于所述预定阈值时，所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部件相对于所述止推板保持静止。所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部件可以是所述第二齿轮减速装置的行星环部件。这样提供了一种相对紧凑的设置，其中所述弹簧设置在所述马达和齿轮组之间，而所述离合器设置在所述第二齿轮减速装置上。 
优选的是，所述转盘包括套圈，所述套圈环绕在所述齿轮箱周围靠近所述马达壳体，环绕在所述马达壳体和所述齿轮箱之间，或者环绕在所述马达壳体上或其周围。优选的是，所述套圈与齿轮箱和/或马达壳体的外表面平齐。这样提供了一种相对紧凑的设置，并且所述设置易于使用且具有美观性。 
附图说明
现在通过实施例方式并参考附图对本发明的实施方式进行描述。在所述附图中 
图1是示出了具体实施本发明的手动操作的马达驱动螺丝刀的示意图； 
图2是以剖面图示出了具体实施本发明的驱动系统的示意图； 
图3是以剖面图示出了具体实施本发明的另一驱动系统的一部分的示意图； 
图4是示出了图3所示的驱动系统的部件的示意图； 
图5是示出了组成图3所示的离合器机构的部件的分解视图的示意图。 
具体实施方式
参考图1，图1示出了具体实施本发明的螺丝刀10。所述螺丝刀包 括：驱动夹头12；用于容纳齿轮组的齿轮箱14；用于容纳电动马达的马达壳体16；手持部18，所述手持部18包括可手动操作的开关20；以及用于向马达供电的电池组22。使用者通过通常的方式利用开关来启动所述螺丝刀。所述齿轮箱包括变速开关24，所述变速开关24可用于改变所述夹头12的速度。在本示例中，所述变速开关提供两种输出速度。 
套圈或转盘26设置在所述齿轮箱14和马达壳体16之间。所述套圈可旋转地安装在所述螺丝刀上位于所述齿轮箱和马达壳体的可见部之间，从而所述套圈可如箭头C所示围绕夹头的旋转轴线R旋转。所述套圈设置成使得使用者可以对离合器机构变得过载以及滑动或松脱从而要中断从马达至夹头的驱动时的扭力进行改变。面板28设置在马达壳体上，所述面板28向使用者提供所述离合器过载时的相对扭力指示。在所述套圈上的指针可以帮助指示离合器过载。 
参考图2，以高度示意性的剖面图的形式示出了螺丝刀驱动系统40的第一实施方式。电动马达42设置在马达壳体16中，齿轮组44设置在齿轮箱14中。所述马达具有在开动马达时旋转的输出驱动轴48。所述齿轮组的输出端46与螺丝刀的夹头(未示出)连接。 
第一齿轮50刚性地安装至马达轴48上，并由此在马达开动时旋转。所述第一齿轮50就是所谓的中心太阳齿轮。三个行星齿轮52(为了清楚，在图2中仅示出有两个齿轮)可旋转地安装在第一级支架56的轴54上，并布置成与第一齿轮50啮合。行星环形齿轮58刚性地安装至马达壳体16，并且所述行星齿轮52与所述行星环形齿轮啮合。由此，第一齿轮50的旋转使所述行星齿轮52旋转，并且因为所述行星环58刚性地安装在壳体16中，从而所述行星齿轮围绕所述行星环的内侧滚动并由此使第一级支架旋转。 
第二齿轮60形成在第一级支架56的前端62上。三个(在图2中仍然仅示出两个齿轮)二级行星齿轮64可旋转地安装在第二级支架68的第二轴66上，并且所述二级行星齿轮64设置成与第二齿轮60啮合。第二齿轮60的旋转使二级行星齿轮64旋转。 
二级行星环70可旋转地安装在齿轮箱14中。所述二级行星环包括 与所述二级行星齿轮64啮合的齿轮齿。所述二级行星环由转矩离合器保持固定，所述转矩离合器设置成在施加于所述二级行星环上的扭力低于预定水平时防止所述二级行星环旋转。当所述二级行星环保持固定时，二级行星齿轮64的旋转使所述二级行星齿轮64围绕二级行星环70的内表面滚动。这样，第二级支架68也旋转。然而，如果二级行星环被允许旋转，则不会导致第二级支架68的旋转运动。以下将对转矩离合器机构进行更详细地描述。 
第三齿轮72形成在第二级支架68的前端74。三个(在图2中仍然仅示出了两个)三级行星齿轮76可旋转地安装在第三级支架80的第三轴78上。第三行星环形齿轮82可旋转地安装在齿轮箱中，并且所述行星环包括设置成与所述三级行星齿轮76啮合的齿轮齿。所述第三行星环或是相对于所述齿轮箱保持静止，或是被允许相对于所述齿轮箱自由旋转，这取决于滑动齿轮变速环84的位置。 
所述齿轮变速环84可以在相对于齿轮箱的第一位置和第二位置之间滑动。在所述第一位置，如图2所示，所述齿轮变速环与第三行星环和齿轮箱14的齿部15接合。由此，因为齿部15与所述齿轮变速环上的相反齿85配合，从而所述部分15起到了防止所述齿轮变速环在所述齿轮箱中旋转的作用。这样，第三行星环相对于齿轮箱保持固定。由此，所述三级行星齿轮76围绕所述第三行星环的内侧滚动，从而使所述第三级支架80旋转。 
滑动拨动件92适于允许使用者在第一位置和第二位置之间手动滑动齿轮变速环。当所述齿轮变速环在第二位置时，相反齿85与齿轮箱的齿部15脱开。此外，内齿90还与形成在第二级支架68外表面上的齿94接合。由此，齿轮变速环将第三行星环与第二级支架的接合锁定，但所述齿轮变速环可以相对于齿轮箱自由旋转。这样导致第二级支架68、第三齿轮72、三级行星齿轮76和第三行星环82作为一个单元旋转。换言之，所述第三级支架80与第二级支架68以相同的速率旋转。 
第三级支架相比第二级支架旋转速率的比值取决于齿轮变速环在第一位置还是在第二位置。如上所述，当所述齿轮变速环在第二位置时， 所述比值为1∶1。然而，当所述齿轮变速环在第一位置时，所述比值取决于第三齿轮72和三级行星齿轮76的相对大小。 
现参考图2对转矩离合器机构的第一实施方式进行更详细描述。所述转矩离合器包括套圈100，所述套圈100包围马达壳体16。螺旋线102形成在壳体的外表面上，且所述线102与形成在套圈100内表面上的相反的螺纹部分104配合。由此，套圈围绕壳体16的纵向轴线的旋转使所述套圈沿所述壳体纵向地移动。换言之，旋转套圈使所述套圈沿壳体在如图2中箭头A所示的左/右方向上旋动。可以采用锁扣装置(未示出)以将套圈锁定在相对于螺丝刀的预定位置。 
在套圈中形成有环形凹槽106以容纳弹性的弹簧108。在所述弹簧的松弛状态中，所述弹簧延伸超过套圈到所述凹槽之外。止推板110设置在弹簧的从所述凹槽露出的端部上，并且所述止推板接合滚珠轴承112。由此，所述滚珠轴承112由压缩的弹簧推动至设置于二级行星环70上的相反凹痕114中(当凹痕与滚珠对准时)。 
向二级行星环施加超过弹簧经由止推板施加于所述滚珠上的推动力的扭力使得所述二级行星环相对于齿轮箱旋转。所述滚珠被强制从凹痕中出来，并且所述滚珠沿二级行星环的侧面滚动直到它们与另一凹痕接合。这种过程重复进行直到施加于二级行星环的扭力被去消或直到所述力不再大于弹簧力。在所述二级行星环旋转的同时，没有旋转运动被传送至第二支架级56。在此状态中(即当所述离合器过载时)，就称为驱动系统停滞。 
通过旋转套圈调节弹簧力，从而调节弹簧的压缩度。图2中，所述弹簧示出在其最大压缩状态，由此需要相对较高的转矩以停滞所述驱动系统。套圈的旋转使弹簧更松弛，从而导致相对低的弹簧力施加于所述滚珠，由此需要相对低的转矩以使驱动系统停滞。 
在套圈和齿轮箱之间可能必须提供有帘幕状或波纹管式装置，从而防止弹簧和/或离合器机构的其它部分在套圈设定用于低转矩超载力时变得露出。可选择的是，所述套圈可以设置为覆盖齿轮箱的一部分，从而所述弹簧在正常操作过程中不会露出。 
现参考图3、图4和图5对转矩离合器机构的第二实施方式进行更详细的描述。第二实施方式的与上述第一实施方式共用的部件以相同的附图标记表示。图3示出了马达42、第一周转齿轮和部分第二齿轮减速装置。所述转矩过载离合器包括套圈100，所述套圈100基本设置在马达壳体16和齿轮箱14的可见部之间。对于前一实施方式，套圈围绕纵向轴线可旋转地安装在螺丝刀上。 
带支垛的转动架(turret)140设置在颈部142和马达42的轴上并围绕所述颈部142和轴，并且所述转动架被固定，从而所述转动架不能相对于所述马达移动。所述支垛形成为围绕所述转动架外周的类似支架144的特征件(参见图4和图5)，且相邻的支垛具有不断增加的“高度”。“高度”是指从转动架上的给定支架或支垛的顶面146到转动架的马达端部148的距离。 
臂150提供在转动架和套圈之间的机械连接或联结，从而所述套圈的扭转使所述臂相对于螺丝刀的纵向轴线旋转。当所述臂旋转时，其抵接在所述支垛的顶面146上，从而在套圈扭转的过程中所述臂也进行轴向运动。垫圈152可以设置在所述臂上以形成弹簧108的端部接合的基部。所述弹簧的另一端接合环板154。所述环板154与一个或更多个贯穿销156接合，所述贯穿销156穿过行星环58或与所述行星环58并排，所述行星环形成齿轮箱的一体部分。贯穿销距马达最远的端部接合止推板157。所述止推板具有面对二级行星环70的侧面71的表面(图5中的157’)。止推板表面和行星环表面都分别具有彼此配合的一系列突起158和71，和/或槽。优选的是，所述突起形成为沿径向延伸的肋。所述肋应具有足够的高度以与另一个平板/表面上的肋接合且配合。高度为0.5mm的两组肋已经证明对在松脱之前能承受6Nm转矩的离合器而言是足够的。当然，所施加的转矩取决于齿轮组的几何形状，以及由弹簧施加的弹簧力。 
弹簧108设置成经由贯穿销156推动止推板157和二级行星环以使它们彼此接触。由此，第二行星环可以在止推板的作用下相对于马达保持静止。然而，如果施加于第二支架68的扭力超过推动止推板和第二行 星环使它们彼此接触的弹簧力，则第二行星环相对于马达壳体旋转；在一个表面上的峰部可以脱离另一个表面上的槽(或抵接在肋上)，从而驱动系统停滞。 
当出现停滞以及突起相互抵接时，止推板向马达轴向地移动。这种轴向的移动使贯穿销156、并由此使所述环板154沿轴向方向向马达移动。这使弹簧变得稍微更加压靠垫圈152、或箍165(图5中所示)。 
可通过改变弹簧的压缩度来调节推动止推板接触第二行星环的弹簧力。这是通过旋转套圈100来实现的，所述套圈100使臂纵向地移动并由此根据所述套圈旋转的方向压缩弹簧或使弹簧松弛。由此，可改变离合器过载时或驱动系统停滞时的转矩。 
套圈100可以设置为具有低剖面(low-profile)，从而所述套圈100与齿轮箱和/或马达壳体的相应外表面平齐配合。为实现这一点，套圈可以装配在形成于齿轮箱和/或马达壳体的外表面上的相对浅的沟槽中。 
图4更详细地示出了转动架140。中空的转动架形成为筒形，马达的轴可以通过转动架的中心141。外柱面包括一系列阶梯，或具有不断增加的高度H的支架状特征件144，如上所述。各个阶梯具有倾斜的前表面141’，所述倾斜的前表面141’设置成使臂150可相对较容易地抵接在所述阶梯上。可与图4示出的阶梯径向相对地设置一系列或多系列的相应阶梯。如果设置有多于两系列的阶梯，则它们可以以均匀的间距设置在转动架周围，例如，对三系列阶梯而言间距为120度，对四系列阶梯而言间距为90度，等等。如上所述，连接至套圈的臂设置成安置在所述阶梯的顶面上，从而在套圈旋转时所述臂在纵向方向上轴向移位。所述阶梯可以具有凹面(臂设置成接合在所述凹面上)以提供转矩调整机构的正分度(positive indexing)。可选择的是，或除此之外，分度装置可以设置在转盘100和马达壳体和/或齿轮箱之间。 
图5以分解图示出了组成至少一部分离合器机构(为了清楚起见，第一行星齿轮52、轴54、支架56和第二行星齿轮64在该图中未示出)的上述部件。上述及在以前附图中示出的部件具有相同的附图标记。臂150示出为箍或垫圈部件165的一体部分。所述臂150沿径向从所述箍向 所述箍的中心延伸。柄脚167从所述箍165沿径向向外延伸。应当理解所述柄脚和臂实际上是由所述箍保持在适当位置的单体部件；所述柄脚是所述臂的延伸并形成所述臂的端部。所述柄脚167设置成穿过马达壳体16中的狭缝169。由此，所述柄脚可与套圈100的内表面上的凹槽接合，从而套圈围绕壳体16的扭转使柄脚、并由此使箍165旋转。箍的这一旋转使臂抵接在转动架的阶梯表面146上，这于是使所述箍沿轴向方向移动，并由此压缩或解压弹簧108。换言之，套圈、柄脚、臂、箍、以及转动架起到了弹簧压缩装置170的作用，并且所述弹簧的压缩取决于这些部件的配置。 
离合器可被锁定在其中箍与环板154的最靠近马达的端部相接触的不能运行状态中。由此，环板不能沿轴向向马达移动。结果，离合器片157保持与第二齿轮行星环70接触。为了实现这一点，所述环板154具有延伸部155，弹簧可环绕所述延伸部155。弹簧108应当设置成其在完全压缩状态中的轴向长度小于环板154的延伸部155的轴向长度。在这种锁定或不能操作的状态中，所述离合器不能松脱，这例如对于钻孔操作特别有用。 
所描述的实施方式提供了一种紧凑的电动工具传动装置。可以通过将离合器机构设置在齿轮组周围、设置在马达的一部分周围，和/或设置在马达和齿轮组之间的空间中而实现这一点。相比较而言，传统的离合器机构设置成至少一部分的离合器设置在齿轮组的输出轴周围。由此，本发明的实施方式可以提供一种长度明显小于传统设备的电动工具。此外，在第二实施方式中描述的离合器的一些部件利用马达的一部分、齿轮组以及马达壳体和/或齿轮箱的所限定的空间或体积。由此，可以获得比传统电动工具离合器机构更高的紧凑度。朝向齿轮组的后部布置离合器机构的调节套圈留下了在电动工具前端未被利用的空间。该未被利用的空间例如可用于提供这样的区域，即，该区域中可设置照明装置来对工件进行照明。 
尽管以上的说明限于行星齿轮，但本发明同样可以适用于其它形式的齿轮组。 
本领域内技术人员可设想上述实施方式的可替换设置。例如，所述离合器机构可以设置在第一齿轮减速装置上，与第二齿轮减速装置相对。因为贯穿销不必将弹簧力传输至离合器片，所以这种设置可以简化齿轮箱。 

Claims (19)

1.一种手持马达驱动的电动工具(10)，该电动工具包括：
马达(42)，该马达具有在使用过程中由所述马达驱动的驱动轴(48)；
壳体(16)，该壳体用于所述马达；
齿轮组(44)，该齿轮组具有与所述驱动轴(48)相连的输入端、用于驱动刀具的输出端(12)、以及两个或多个齿轮减速装置，所述两个或多个齿轮减速装置位于所述输入端和所述输出端之间，且布置成使得在使用过程中，所述输出端以相对于所述驱动轴(48)的旋转速度的较高或较低的速率旋转，所述齿轮组设置在齿轮箱(14)中；
离合器机构，该离合器机构布置成当施加于所述输出端的扭力超过预定阈值时中断从所述马达向所述输出端的驱动，所述离合器机构包括可手动操作的转盘(100)和弹簧部件(108)，所述转盘设置成用于改变驱动被中断时的所述阈值，且其中所述离合器机构的一部分设置在由所述马达的一部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中，
所述电动工具的特征在于，贯穿销(156)设置成将来自所述弹簧部件(108)的载荷传送经过第一齿轮减速装置的一部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动工具(10)，其中，所述转盘设置在所述齿轮箱上或其周围靠近所述马达壳体、位于所述马达壳体和所述齿轮箱之间、或者在所述马达壳体上或其周围。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)设置成用于向第一离合器片(157)施加弹簧力，所述弹簧力保持所述第一离合器片与第二离合器片(70)静态接触，同时施加于所述输出端的扭力低于所述预定阈值，所述弹簧部件联结至所述转盘(100)，从而所述转盘的旋转改变施加于所述第一离合器片的弹簧力。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)设置成用于向第一离合器片(157)施加弹簧力，所述弹簧力保持所述第一离合器片与第二离合器片(70)静态接触，同时施加于所述输出端的扭力低于所述预定阈值，所述弹簧部件联结至所述转盘(100)，从而所述转盘的旋转改变施加于所述第一离合器片的弹簧力。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)、或所述离合器机构的一部分设置在由所述马达的一部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中。
6.根据权利要求3所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)、或所述离合器机构的一部分设置在由所述马达的一部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)、或所述离合器机构的一部分设置在由所述马达的一部分、所述马达壳体和/或转盘、以及所述齿轮组和/或齿轮箱限定的体积中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电动工具，其中，所述离合器机构设置在第二齿轮减速装置的部件(70)上。
9.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的电动工具，其中，所述齿轮组具有变速机构(92)，该变速机构用于改变所述电动工具的输出速度，并且其中所述离合器机构设置成中断布置在所述变速机构之前的齿轮减速装置上的驱动。
10.根据权利要求3所述的电动工具，其中，所述齿轮组具有变速机构(92)，该变速机构用于改变所述电动工具的输出速度，并且其中所述离合器机构设置成中断布置在所述变速机构之前的齿轮减速装置上的驱动，并且其中，所述贯穿销设置成被所述弹簧部件(108)的载荷推靠在所述第一离合器片上。
11.根据权利要求3所述的电动工具，其中，所述第一离合器片包括突起(158)，所述突起设置成与在所述第二离合器片上的突起(71)或槽配合；
其中，所述第二离合器片包括第二齿轮减速装置的一部分，从而当施加于所述输出端的扭力超过所述预定阈值时，所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部分可相对于所述第一离合器片移动；并且
其中，当施加于所述输出端的扭力低于所述预定阈值时，所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部分相对于所述第一离合器片保持静止。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电动工具，其中，所述第二齿轮减速装置的所述部分是所述第二齿轮减速装置的行星环部件(70)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电动工具，其中，所述离合器机构由弹簧加载装置(170)、和所述弹簧部件(108)、和第一离合器片(157)组成；并且所述弹簧加载装置(170)、和/或所述弹簧部件(108)、和/或所述第一离合器片(157)设置在所述体积中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧加载装置包括臂(150，165，167)，所述臂的第一端与所述转盘接合，所述臂的第二端与一系列阶梯(146)接合，所述阶梯具有不同的轴向长度，从而在使用的过程中当所述转盘围绕所述马达旋转时所述臂相对于马达沿着轴向方向移动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电动工具，其中，所述臂联结至所述弹簧部件(108)，从而所述弹簧部件(108)通过所述臂的轴向移动而被压缩或解压。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电动工具，其中，所述弹簧部件(108)经由弹簧加载装置联结至所述转盘，从而所述转盘的旋转改变施加于所述第一离合器片的弹簧力。
17.根据权利要求1所述的电动工具，其中，所述转盘包括套圈，所述套圈环绕在所述齿轮箱周围靠近所述马达壳体，环绕在所述马达壳体和所述齿轮箱之间，或者环绕在所述马达壳体上或其周围。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电动工具，其中，所述套圈与齿轮箱和/或马达壳体的外表面平齐。
19.根据权利要求17所述的电动工具，其中，所述转盘设置在齿轮箱上或周围靠近所述马达壳体、位于所述马达壳体和齿轮箱之间、或在所述马达壳体上。
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Correction item: Denomination of Invention

Correct: Hand held power tool

False: Power tool gear set and torque overload clutch thereof

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Volume: 28

CI03 Correction of invention patent

Correction item: Denomination of Invention

Correct: Hand held power tool

False: Power tool gear set and torque overload clutch thereof

Number: 07

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Volume: 28

ERR Gazette correction

Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTION NAME; FROM: POWER TOOL GEAR-TRAIN AND TORQUE OVERLOAD CLUTCH THEREFOR TO: HAND-HELD DRIVEN ELECTRIC TOOL

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