CN101111618B - 用于汽轮机外壳应用的CrMo1/4V钢铸件中的铌添加 - Google Patents
用于汽轮机外壳应用的CrMo1/4V钢铸件中的铌添加 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 5
- VGIPUQAQWWHEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Mo].[Cr] Chemical compound [V].[Mo].[Cr] VGIPUQAQWWHEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
一种含有0.04-0.08重量％铌的铬-钼-钒(Cr-Mo-V)铸钢。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含铌的钢铸件。
本发明进一步涉及含铌的铬-钼-钒钢铸件，其适用于汽轮机外壳或阀门外壳应用。
发明背景
为提高钢的力学性能和可焊性，将各种合金元素如Ti、Nb、Mo、W、B等加入低合金钢和高合金钢中。加入Ti和Nb作为碳化物形成体，它们通过形成细小的基体碳化物来强化合金钢，这些碳化物与位错相互作用并在亚晶界析出，从而降低了二次蠕变速率。
目前，CrMoV基钢铸件用于高达约540℃的汽轮机外壳和阀门外壳用途。由于功率要求的提高和对二氧化碳排放的限制，对更高的汽轮机效率和输出存在日益增长的需求。通过提高汽轮机的温度和压力，有可能在不大幅增加成本的情况下实现上述需求。
发明目标
本发明的目标是提出一种含Nb的铬-钼-钒铸钢，它在室温和高温以及高压下具有更大的机械强度和延展性。
本发明的另一目标是提出一种含Nb的铬-钼-钒铸钢，它在高温下具有更大的蠕变断裂时间、断裂伸长率和面积缩小。
本发明的另一目标是提出一种含Nb的铬-钼-钒铸钢，它可用于制造汽轮机外壳或者其它承受高温和高压的零件。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种含铌的铬-钼-钒铸钢。更具体地，本发明提供 了一种耐热的铬-钼-钒钢，其基本组成为：0.08-0.12重量％的碳、0.015重量％或更低的硫、0.02重量％或更低的磷、0.30-0.60重量％的硅、0.50-0.80重量％的锰、1.20-1.50重量％的铬、0.90-1.00重量％的钼、0.20-0.30重量％的钒、除偶然杂质以外余量为铁、并含有0.04-0.08重量％的铌。
附图简述
利用以下附图，对本发明进行更详细的介绍。
图1：用于制备焊接接头的双“V”形边缘的示意图。
图2：焊接过程鉴定的取样方案
图3：具有不同Nb含量的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢焊接接头的Larson Miller参数与应力的关系曲线
图4：具有不同Nb含量的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢焊接接头的Larson Miller参数与应力的关系曲线
图5：具有不同Nb含量的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢的Larson Miller参数与伸长率的关系曲线
图6：具有不同Nb含量的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢焊接接头的Larson Miller参数与伸长率的关系曲线
图7：不同测试条件下，铌含量对所测的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢的蠕变断裂性能的影响
图8：200MPa、不同测试温度条件下，铌含量对所测的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢的蠕变断裂性能的影响
发明详述
根据本发明提供了一种含0.04-0.08重量％铌的铬-钼-钒(Cr-Mo-V)铸钢。
该铸钢包含0.08-0.12重量％的碳、0.015重量％或更低的硫、0.02重量％或更低的磷、0.30-0.60重量％的硅、0.50-0.80重量％的锰、1.20-1.50重量％的铬、0.90-1.00重量％的钼、0.20-0.30重量％的钒、 除偶然杂质外余量为铁，并加入了0.04-0.08重量％的铌。对基础的铬-钼-钒铸钢进行铸钢的均匀化热处理，随后加入0.04-0.08重量％的铌。在感应熔化炉中进行Nb的添加。
对如此制备的含铌铸件进行各种测试以评价其蠕变/应力断裂性能及拉伸强度。
通过向CrMoV钢中添加0.4-0.8％的Nb，得到3种铸件。分别将钢熔体命名为铸件“B”、铸件“C”和铸件“D”。将不含Nb的基础熔体命名为铸件“A”。
A：基础的铬-钼-钒铸件(CrMoV铸件)
B：具有0.04重量％铌的CrMoV铸件
C：具有0.06％铌的CrMoV铸件
D：具有0.08％铌的CrMoV铸件
通过在940℃下保温3小时对基础的CrMoV钢进行固溶处理，然后强制空气冷却，从而进行对铸件“A”的热处理。通过在1040℃下保温3小时使CrMoVNb钢进行固溶处理，然后强制空气冷却，从而进行对其它铸件“B”、“C”和“D”的热处理。接着，所有的铸件在740℃回火5小时并在炉中冷却至300℃，然后空气冷却至室温。
所有四种铸件的组成如表1所示。
表1.不同Nb含量的1Cr1Mo1/4V铸件的化学组成
| 炉次 编号 | C | S | P | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | Nb | Al | Cu | Ni |
| A | 0.11 | 0.018 | 0.020 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.25 | ＜0.01 | 0.050 | ||
| B | 0.12 | 0.010 | 0.026 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.010 | |
| C | 0.12 | 0.020 | 0.024 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 1.47 | 0.98 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.030 | |
| D | 0.12 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 1.70 | 1.03 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.019 | ||
| 规定的 | 0.08- 0.12 | 最大 0.015 | 最大 0.02 | 0.30- 0.60 | 0.50- 0.80 | 1.20- 1.50 | 0.90- 1.10 | 0.20- 0.30 | ||||
| 允许的 变化 | ±0.02 | ±0.003 | ±0.003 | ±0.10 | ±0.07 | ±0.08 | ±0.06 | ±0.03 |
| 炉次 编号 | Co | Ti | W | Pb | Sn | As | Bi | Ce | Sb | B | |
| A | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.01 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | 0.001 | ＜0.001 | ||||
| B | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | 0.01 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ||||
| C | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | 0.01 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ||||
| D | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | 0.01 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 |
使用CrMoV电极进行焊接。按照表2所详述的工厂规范对铸件进行焊接，以获得充足数量的试样。进行可焊性研究。对所有四种铸件进行可焊性测试和180°弯曲测试。
表2.焊接过程的细节
预热温度： 300℃(有效性：最低240℃)
道次间温度： 400℃(有效性：最高500℃)
热处理状态： 淬火和回火
焊接以后的热处理类型： 淬火和回火
温度： WQ-930℃(930℃到950℃有效)
T-720℃(710℃到730℃有效)
时间： WQ-6小时T-8小时
电流范围： 直流180安培到220安培
电压范围： 24伏到28伏
极性： 反向(仅对DCEP有效)
接头制备： 使用背板全熔透
焊接位置： 钝边2mm，根部间隙5mm，接缝侧角度10°
焊接顺序： 多层焊接
对没有和具有铌(Nb)添加的CrMoV钢的全部四种铸件进行硬度 测试、冲击测试、拉伸测试、热拉伸测试以及蠕变/应力断裂测试。蠕变/应力断裂测试是在525、550、575及600℃下进行的，应力在100-300MPa变化。对刚得到的材料以及蠕变断裂测试后的材料进行显微组织分析，包括扫描电子显微分析。
测试了添加Nb的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢的室温和高温拉伸强度，且其高于普通的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢。在添加Nb的钢中，发现含0.06％铌的钢的拉伸强度最高。
添加0.06％和0.08％铌的1Cr1Mo1/4V铸件表现出较高的蠕变断裂性能(图3)。这些铸件的蠕变延展性较普通1Cr1Mo1/4V钢稍低。
在焊接接头试样蠕变断裂测试结果的基础上，发现具有0.06％Nb的钢的焊接接头强度高于普通的1Cr1Mo1/4V钢以及具有0.04％和0.08％Nb的钢(表3和4及图3-8)。
表3CrMoV钢铸件的室温拉伸强度
表4CrMoV钢的冲击强度
具有Nb的铸件在高温下表现出优异的力学性能和蠕变性能。如果使用含Nb钢制造汽轮机外壳，则有可能提高蒸汽的温度和压力。同时钢的可焊性能也得到提高，这将有助于修理工作。
Claims (1)
1.铬-钼-钒(Cr-Mo-V)铸钢，其包含
0.08-0.12重量％的碳，
0.015重量％或更少的硫，
0.02重量％或更少的磷，
0.30-0.60重量％的硅，
0.50-0.80重量％的锰，
1.20-1.50重量％的铬，
0.90-1.10重量％的钼，
0.20-0.30重量％的钒，
0.06-0.08重量％的铌，和
余量的铁和偶然杂质。
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| IN102/KOL/2006 | 2006-02-01 | ||
| PCT/IN2006/000097 WO2007088555A1 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2006-03-20 | Niobium addition in crmo¼v steel castings for steam turbine casing appliations |
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| US9359913B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2016-06-07 | General Electric Company | Steam turbine inner shell assembly with common grooves |
| CN104651753A (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-05-27 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种重型汽车平衡轴用非调质钢及其制造方法 |
| CN105508687A (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 盐城法尔机械有限公司 | 一种耐腐蚀性强的安全阀门 |
| CN105508686A (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 盐城法尔机械有限公司 | 一种用于高温高压的安全阀门 |
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| EP0816523A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-07 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Low-Cr ferritic steels and low-Cr ferritic cast steels having excellent high-temperature strength and weldability |
| EP0835946A1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Weldable low-chromium ferritic cast steel, having excellent high-temperature strength |
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| JPS54107416A (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-08-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat-resistant low alloy steel casting and its heating treatment |
| JPS63199850A (ja) * | 1987-02-16 | 1988-08-18 | Toshiba Corp | 低合金耐熱鋳鋼 |
| DE69003202T2 (de) * | 1989-07-31 | 1994-03-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hochfeste, hitzebeständige, niedrig legierte Stähle. |
| JP2659813B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-30 | 1997-09-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高強度低合金耐熱鋼の製造方法 |
| JP3396372B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-21 | 2003-04-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高温強度と溶接性に優れた低Ｃｒフェライト鋼 |
| JPH09263888A (ja) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 圧力容器用鋳鋼材及び圧力容器の製造方法 |
| FR2748036B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-29 | 1998-05-22 | Creusot Loire | Acier faiblement allie pour la fabrication de moules pour matieres plastiques |
| JP3504835B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-17 | 2004-03-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 低合金耐熱鋳鋼及び蒸気タービン用鋳鋼部品 |
| JP3518515B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-04-12 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 低・中Ｃｒ系耐熱鋼 |
| JP2003306740A (ja) | 2002-04-18 | 2003-10-31 | Jfe Steel Kk | 金属材料の熱間圧延用ロール |
| JP2005029882A (ja) | 2003-06-19 | 2005-02-03 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 耐溶接軟化性に優れた構造用高強度電縫鋼管の製造方法 |
| CN101111618B (zh) * | 2006-02-01 | 2014-06-25 | 布哈拉特强电有限公司 | 用于汽轮机外壳应用的CrMo1/4V钢铸件中的铌添加 |
-
2006
- 2006-03-20 CN CN200680000921.1A patent/CN101111618B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-20 WO PCT/IN2006/000097 patent/WO2007088555A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-20 JP JP2008516506A patent/JP5220595B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-20 EP EP06745200.3A patent/EP1979499B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-20 US US11/885,810 patent/US7981360B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-09-10 JP JP2012198241A patent/JP2013032592A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0816523A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-07 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Low-Cr ferritic steels and low-Cr ferritic cast steels having excellent high-temperature strength and weldability |
| EP0835946A1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Weldable low-chromium ferritic cast steel, having excellent high-temperature strength |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008544083A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
| EP1979499B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| EP1979499A4 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
| CN101111618A (zh) | 2008-01-23 |
| JP5220595B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
| JP2013032592A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
| US20080138234A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| WO2007088555A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
| EP1979499A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| US7981360B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
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