CN101103692B - Introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas - Google Patents
Introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas Download PDFInfo
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- CN101103692B CN101103692B CN200710029595A CN200710029595A CN101103692B CN 101103692 B CN101103692 B CN 101103692B CN 200710029595 A CN200710029595 A CN 200710029595A CN 200710029595 A CN200710029595 A CN 200710029595A CN 101103692 B CN101103692 B CN 101103692B
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an introduction and cultivation method of Jatropha curcas with high oil content, which comprises seed selecting and sterilization treatment, nutrition bags seedling, as well as transplanting, fix planting and other steps. The invention is on the basis of the optimal selection implemented to the seeds of origin. Through the physical and chemical treatment to the seeds, the germination rate of fine varieties seeds of Jatropha curcas with high oil content can be more than 97%. With the nutrition bags seedling technology, not only the premium germchits can be effectively provided based on the needs of germchit quantity and season, but also the technical support can be provided for the farmers and companies engaged in the Jatropha curcas planting. A relaible basis can also be established for the full utilization of land resources and the realization of scale planting. Meanwhile the site condition impacts to the yield formation and quality assurance of Jatropha curcas are fully considered, and the high-yielding, stable, high quality seeds with high oil content are cultivated. Through the detection to the fruits or seeds, the physicochemical property and the fatty acid composition are found to be in few discrepancies with those of the origin, and the good economic characters of the origin are basically maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the introducing and planting field of woody energy-source plant, relate in particular to a kind of introducing and cultivating technology of high oil content jatropha curcas.
Background technology
Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) for Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae) leprosy Pterostyrax (Jatropha) plant, belongs to half meat dungarunga or shrub, and the whole world has 200 kinds approximately, is distributed in the torrid zone or subtropical zone, and main product is in America and the Africa torrid zone.There are 4 kinds in China, mainly are distributed in provinces and regions such as Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan.As a kind of perennial woody oil tree species, the oil content of leprosy seeds benevolence is about 50%, and the highest reaches 60%, and oil content surpasses common draft crop such as rape, soybean, can be used as desirable biodiesel raw material, thereby becomes universally acknowledged bioenergy tree.Jatropha curcas is a kind of multiduty plant, the vast market potentiality to be exploited is arranged, the more important thing is, it does not occupy cultivated land, have characteristics such as wide adaptability, drought resisting, impoverishment tolerant, be the fine tree species that conserve water and soil, check winds and fix drifting sand, improve the ecological environment etc., the United Nations in 1998 " " Jatropha curcas oil can be used as fabulous diesel oil substitute " proposed in Convention on Biological Diversity the 20 clause specially, and with the Jatropha curcas plantation as ecological construction and anti-poverty project.
Present development and use to the Jatropha curcas resource, also rest on the stage of utilizing of wild resource mostly, some places are before the Jatropha curcas plantation, although seed is screened, but just be directly used in sowing without preliminary treatment mostly, situation takes place to cause that seed germination power is strong, emergence rate and survival rate are undesirable etc.Peasant household or company that some adopt the artificial breeding transplanting method to plant lack relevant operating technology, thereby waste a large amount of resources such as soil.
Though Jatropha curcas is at extremely strong, the fast growth of dry-hot valley area vitality, but for a long time, owing to ignored the influence of factors such as land occupation condition such as mima type microrelief, soil, height above sea level, some local cultivated areas that blindly enlarge, considerable plant occurring in the area that originally is not suitable for planting Jatropha curcas does not have bud, non-result for a long time, or the result seldom, the low situations such as (less thaies 30%) of seed oil content.Although in this evolution, accumulated the experience of aspects such as some seedling breedings and cultivation, but relevant key technique is also immature, the Jatropha curcas improved seeds rareness of high oil content, still be in the exploratory stage at aspects such as the introduction of breeding and culture techniques, cause some place situations such as the introduced variety survival rate is low, the expression of the economic characters of kind is not obvious, instability to occur, soil, financial and manpower resources waste are seriously.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that prior art exists, purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas, and it forms a cover scale plantation, and the germination rate height of seed can be cultivated high yield, the stable and high breeding of oil content.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of seed: a choosing ripe high oil content jatropha curcas fruit, selected full seed, the back kept dry of drying in the shade, sterilization is waited to plant before broadcasting;
(2) grow seedlings: seed is carried out presoaking and germinating, and packing into then contains in the nutritious bag of nutritious soil;
(3) transplant, field planting: when seedling arch seedling stage to Zhan Yeqian, the dry-hot valley areas that transplant below height above sea level 1000m, the gradient are no more than 30 degree, every mu of 80-120 strain.
In the described step (1), adopt 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim to soak sterilization in 5-10 minute before broadcasting.
Presoaking and germinating in the described step (2) is to pick up after 3-5 hour with seed soaking in 30 ℃ ± 5 ℃ the warm water, uses wet husky vernalization under 25-30 ℃ temperature.See after 3-4 days and be used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.To the seed of transferring in spring, carry out provisional vernalization, with 50-60 ℃ after emerge in worm water 12-15 hour, flushing with clean water is also stirred, and is used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed.
Nutrition soil in the described step (2) is counted by weight percentage and is contained farmyard manure 60～80%, woods ground surface soil 8～16%, barnyard manure 5～15%, phosphate fertilizer 4～12%.Pack into behind the nutrition soil disinfection in the nutritious bag to apart from about nutrition sack 5-10mm, will go into bag through the seed that presoaking and germinating is handled the first tenday period of a month month in 2-3, every bag 1-2.
In the described step (3), transplant more than thickness of soil 100cm, liquid manure is sufficient and well-drained red soil, laterite plot.Best transplanting time is the 4-5 the first tenday period of a month month.
At present some places although seed is screened, just are directly used in sowing without preliminary treatment mostly before the Jatropha curcas plantation, and situation takes place to cause that seed germination power is strong, emergence rate and survival rate are undesirable etc.The present invention then carries out on the base of optimum selection at the seed to the original producton location, by seed is carried out physics and chemical treatment, the germination rate of high oil content jatropha curcas improved seeds seed is reached more than 97%; The invention provides the nutritional bag technology, not only can according to seedling quantity and season needs, high quality seedling is provided effectively, also can be the peasant household or the company that are engaged in Jatropha curcas plantation technical support be provided, also for making full use of land resources, the realization large-scale planting is established reliable basis; Though Jatropha curcas is extremely strong in dry-hot valley area vitality, fast growth, but for a long time, owing to ignored land occupation condition such as mima type microrelief, soil, the influence of factors such as height above sea level, some local cultivated areas that blindly enlarge, considerable plant occurs in the area that originally is not suitable for planting Jatropha curcas and do not have bud for a long time, result not, or the result seldom, the low situations such as (less thaies 30%) of seed oil content, the present invention then fully takes into account the influence of land occupation condition to formation of Jatropha curcas output and quality guarantee, by at height above sea level below 1000 meters, the gradient is no more than the approach of the dry-hot valley employing seedling raising and transplanting of 30 degree, can cultivate high yield, stable, the breeding that oil content is high, the fruit of being tied (seed) is found after testing, physicochemical property and fatty acid are formed and the original producton location is more or less the same, and have kept the good economic characters in original producton location substantially.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment adopts the jatropha curcas seed of gathering autumn, may further comprise the steps: (1) choosing ripe high oil content jatropha curcas fruit, take out seed, and selected full seed, preserve 5-20 ℃ drying at room temperature the back of drying in the shade, and avoids solarization.Adopt 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim to soak sterilization in 5-10 minute before sowing, taking-up is dried surface moisture and is waited to plant; (2) jatropha curcas seed to gathering autumn needs the seed of treated mistake is carried out presoaking and germinating, and method is to pick up after 3-5 hour with seed soaking in 30 ℃ the warm water, and temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, with wet husky vernalization.See after 3-4 days and be used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; (3) prepare nutrition soil, require to have full fertilizer and be of close texture loose, permeable, air capacity of soils is better.Can in farmyard manure (70%), woods ground surface soil (12%),, the ratio of barnyard manure (10%), phosphate fertilizer (8%) evenly mixes.Nutrition soil palpus crushing screening, barnyard manure should fully become thoroughly decomposed, and generally stacks 2-4 days usefulness again, in case the burn seedling.If the nutrition soil of preparation is more, then need to stir 3-5 time with agitator, make its even mixing.Nutrition soil after the sterilization is packed in the nutritious bag, and nutrition soil is apart from about the nutrition sack 5-10mm; (4) ready nutrition soil is carried out disinfection, in the nutritious bag of packing into then, nutrition soil is apart from about the nutrition sack 5-10mm.To go into bag, every bag 1-2 through the seed that step a handles the first tenday period of a month month in 2-3.When seedling is encircleing seedling stage to Zhan Yeqian, the field planting of can transplanting seedlings; (5) to transplant between the most in good time be the 4-5 the first tenday period of a month month to nutritional bag, with the dry-hot valley areas that the high oil content jatropha curcas improved seeds of the gained of growing seedlings are transplanted below height above sea level 1000m, the gradient is no more than 30 degree, with more than the thickness of soil 100cm, liquid manure is sufficient and well-drained red soil, laterite plot are the most suitable.Spacing in the rows 2.5-3m., every mu of 80-120 strain.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment adopts the seed of transferring in spring, may further comprise the steps: (1) choosing ripe high oil content jatropha curcas fruit, take out seed, and selected full seed, preserve 5-20 ℃ drying at room temperature the back of drying in the shade, and avoids solarization.Adopt 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim to soak sterilization in 5-10 minute before sowing, taking-up is dried surface moisture and is waited to plant; (2) seed to transferring in spring can carry out provisional vernalization.Method be with seed with 50-60 ℃ after emerge in worm water 12-15 hour, flushing with clean water 1 time is also stirred, and is used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; (3) prepare nutrition soil, require to have full fertilizer and be of close texture loose, permeable, air capacity of soils is better.Can in farmyard manure (60%), woods ground surface soil (16%),, the ratio of barnyard manure (15%), phosphate fertilizer (9%) evenly mixes.Nutrition soil palpus crushing screening, barnyard manure should fully become thoroughly decomposed, and generally stacks 2-4 days usefulness again, in case the burn seedling.If the nutrition soil of preparation is more, then need to stir 3-5 time with agitator, make its even mixing.Nutrition soil after the sterilization is packed in the nutritious bag, and nutrition soil is apart from about the nutrition sack 5-10mm; (4) ready nutrition soil is carried out disinfection, in the nutritious bag of packing into then, nutrition soil is apart from about the nutrition sack 5-10mm.To go into bag, every bag 1-2 through the seed that step a handles the first tenday period of a month month in 2-3.When seedling is encircleing seedling stage to Zhan Yeqian, the field planting of can transplanting seedlings; (5) to transplant between the most in good time be the 4-5 the first tenday period of a month month to nutritional bag, with the dry-hot valley areas that the high oil content jatropha curcas improved seeds of the gained of growing seedlings are transplanted below height above sea level 800m, the gradient is no more than 20 degree, with more than the thickness of soil 100cm, liquid manure is sufficient and well-drained red soil, laterite plot are the most suitable.Spacing in the rows 2.5-3m., every mu of 80-100 strain.
Claims (8)
1. the introduction and cultivation method of a high oil content jatropha curcas is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of seed: a choosing ripe high oil content jatropha curcas fruit, selected full seed, the back kept dry of drying in the shade, sterilization is waited to plant before broadcasting;
(2) grow seedlings: seed is carried out presoaking and germinating, grow seedlings in the nutritious bag that contains nutritious soil of packing into then;
(3) transplant, field planting: when seedling arch seedling stage to Zhan Yeqian, the dry-hot valley areas that transplant below height above sea level 1000m, the gradient are no more than 30 degree, every mu of 80--120 strain.
2. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (1), adopt 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim to soak sterilization in 5-10 minute before broadcasting.
3. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the presoaking and germinating in the described step (2) is to pick up after 3-5 hour with seed soaking in 30 ℃ ± 5 ℃ the warm water, under 25-30 ℃ temperature with wet husky vernalization
See after 3-4 days and be used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
4. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), to the seed of transferring in spring, carry out provisional vernalization, with seed with 50-60 ℃ after emerge in worm water 12-15 hour, flushing with clean water is also stirred, and is used for sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
5. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the nutrition soil in the described step (2), count by weight percentage and contain farmyard manure 60～80%, woods ground surface soil 8～16%, barnyard manure 5～15%, phosphate fertilizer 4～12%.
6. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), pack into behind the nutrition soil disinfection in the nutritious bag to apart from about nutrition sack 5-10mm, will go into bag through the seed that presoaking and germinating is handled the first tenday period of a month month in 2-3, every bag 1-2.
7. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (3), transplant more than thickness of soil 100cm, liquid manure is sufficient and well-drained red soil, laterite plot.
8. the introduction and cultivation method of high oil content jatropha curcas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (3), transplanting time is the 4-5 the first tenday period of a month month.
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| CN101283657B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2010-06-30 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Euphorbiae caper and jatropha curcas interplanting method |
| CN106888891A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-27 | 广西都安李义林农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of diesel oil tree |
| CN106818363A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-13 | 广西都安李义林农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of biodiesel tree |
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| CN1817109A (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2006-08-16 | 四川大学 | Fast teething and reproduction for Mafeng tree |
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| CN1817109A (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2006-08-16 | 四川大学 | Fast teething and reproduction for Mafeng tree |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 胡旗辉.神奇的柴油树栽培技术.农村新技术 5.2007,(5),11. |
| 胡旗辉.神奇的柴油树栽培技术.农村新技术 5.2007,(5),11. * |
| 龙定建.生物质能源树种--麻疯树的推广及栽培技术.广西林业科学35 增刊.2006,35(增刊),32-33. |
| 龙定建.生物质能源树种——麻疯树的推广及栽培技术.广西林业科学35 增刊.2006,35(增刊),32-33. * |
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