CN101095362A - Ofdm－mimo通信系统中改善系统效率的每数据流率控制(psrc) - Google Patents

Ofdm－mimo通信系统中改善系统效率的每数据流率控制(psrc) Download PDF

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CN101095362A
CN101095362A CNA2005800265266A CN200580026526A CN101095362A CN 101095362 A CN101095362 A CN 101095362A CN A2005800265266 A CNA2005800265266 A CN A2005800265266A CN 200580026526 A CN200580026526 A CN 200580026526A CN 101095362 A CN101095362 A CN 101095362A
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费堤·M·欧兹鲁特
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Pan Tai Co.,Ltd.
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    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
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Abstract

一种传送器(200)将用户数据流分割为多个子数据流(2011－201n)。该传送器(200)接着以目前信道状况为基础来适应性选择各子数据的调变方案及编码速率。接着，依据经选择调变方案及编码速率，以子数据流数据来调变及编码多个次载波(2111－211n)。该经调变次载波接着被分配至一个或更多个传送天线(2201－221n)以用于传送。传送之前，各次载波的传送功率也以目前信道状况为基础来调整。

Description

OFDM-MIMO通信系统中改善系统效率的每数据流率控制(PSRC)
技术领域
本发明有关无线通信系统。更特别是，本发明是为通信系统中改善信道及系统能力的方法及装置。
背景技术
正交频分多路复用(OFDM)涉及一数据传输设计，其中数据流是被分割为较小子数据流且使用次载波来传送，各具有小于全部可用传输频宽的较小频宽。正交频分多路复用的效率是产生自次载波的正交性。也就是说，次载波是被选择使其于传输期间彼此不干扰。
多输入端输出(MIMO)涉及无线传送及接收设计，其中通信装置是运用多天线来传送及接收通信信号。多输入端输出系统可利用多天线出现所创造的空间分集或空间多路复用选择。此外，多输入端输出系统可改善信号品质，如信噪比(SNR)，及增加数据产出。
为了实施，正交频分多路复用可优于特别是多输入端输出通信系统中如码分多路访问(CDMA)的其他传输设计。当用户数据被分割为子数据流且被不同子信道运载时，各子信道上的有效数据速率是小于总传送数据速率。结果，被以正交频分多路复用设计传送的数据符号持续期间是远大于被以其他设计传送的数据符号持续期间。较大符号持续期间因可容许较大延迟展频而较佳。为了说明，被以大符号持续期间传送的数据被多路径影响通常小于以较短符号持续期间传送的数据。于是，正交频分多路复用符号可克服共用于无线通信中的延迟展频而不使用太过复杂接收器。
包含这些运用正交频分多路复用及码分多路访问类型传输设计者的所有类型无线通信系统连续挑战，是为特别于数据传输期间有效使用可得系统资源。多输入端输出系统中，当多重数据流被同时传送时，此挑战甚至更明显。
码分多路访问通信系统中被用来改善系统效率的传统方法是被称为每数据流率控制(PSRC)。每数据流率控制是为被特别设计用于码分多路访问通信系统中，借此频宽，传送功率及其他资源可以传送器所视信道状况为基础被分配至传送器的一设计。具有多传送器及/或接收器的码分多路访问通信系统中，资源是类似以每传送天线基础被分配。然而，并不存在可改良OFDM-MIMO通信系统中系统效率的每数据流率控制类型设计。
于是，预期具有OFDM-MIMO通信系统中改善系统效率的方法及装置。
发明内容
本发明是为一种正交频分多路复用(OFDM)多输入多输出(MIMO)无线通信系统中改善系统效率的方法及装置。传送器中，用户数据流是被分割为多个子数据流。传送器接着以目前信道状况为基础来适应性选择各子数据的调变设计及编码速率。接着，多个次载波是依据被选择调变设计及编码速率被以子数据流数据来调变及编码。该被调变次载波接着被分配至一个或更多个传送天线以便传送。传送之前，各次载波的传送功率也以目前信道状况为基础来调整。适应性调变及编码功能，次载波分配功能及功率控制功能被联合控制来最佳化产出，信号品质及系统效率。
附图说明
图1是描绘被应用至OFDM-MIMO通信系统以改善系统效率的每数据流率控制流程图；及
图2是被配置使用被描绘于图1的每数据流率控制设计的一OFDM-MIMO传送器。
具体实施方式
在此，无线传输/接收单元(WTRU)是包含但不限于用户设备，移动台，固定或移动用户单元，呼叫器，或可操作于无线环境中的任何其他类型元件。当在此被称为基地台的是包含但不限于B节点，地址控制器，访问点或无线环境中的任何其他接介装置。
较佳实施例中，每数据流率控制设计是适用于OFDM-MIMO通信系统。例如，此每数据流率控制设计是将包含适应性调变及编码(AMC)及功率控制的共用码分多路访问技术应用于OFDM-MIMO系统来改善系统效率。
依据本实施例，OFDM-MIMO传送器是将用户数据流分割为多个较小子数据流。接着，使用接收器所提供的反馈信息，传送器可决定各多个次载波的信道状况。可替代的是，传送器可通过测量被接收信号的预定品质度量来决定信道状况。例如，决定信道状况可使传送器了解信号经由信道传播时，特定信道如何影响其的各种传送参数(也就是振幅，相位等)。如进一步说明，此理解是有助于正确分配频宽、功率及其他系统资源至次载波以便传送。
一旦信道状况被决定，传送器是选择各次载波的调变设计及编码速率。较佳是，传送器是使用适应信道状况的适应性调变及编码技术来做成该选择。为了说明，若传送器及接收器间的通信链结的信号干扰加杂讯比(SINR)很高，则传送器可使用较高顺序调变及编码速率适应性增加其对接收器的数据传送速率。当通信链结的信号干扰加杂讯比改变时，调变格式及编码速率是同样被调整来匹配目前信道状况。
接着，次载波是依据被选择调变设计及编码速率被以数据子数据流调变。可选择是，传送期间为了确保信号分集，传送器可将特定子数据流映射至多次载波以便传送。以此法，任何因载波干扰丧失的数据均可轻易地被恢复于接收器处。
各调变次载波接着被分配至一个或更多个传送天线以便传送至接收器。次载波可通过任何适当分配设计被分配至传送天线。然而，次载波较佳是被分配至可最大化该次载波的传送品质的天线。通过分配次载波至多天线，数据传送品质及传送器及接收器间的通信链结品质因而被提高。然而，应注意此品质提高可能是以产出为代价。当大量次载波被分配至单天线或当大量数据被传送时，此特别为真。于是，由于预期传送品质及预期产出位准，次载波是较佳被分配来传送。
可选择是，传送之前，传送器可选择性调整各次载波的传送功率。一旦传送功率被调整，传送器可经由其多个传送天线无线传送数据子数据流至接收器。
上述适应性调变及编码，次载波分配及功率控制功能是共同促使传送器以改善数据产出，增加传送器效率及增加无线通信系统整体效率的方式来传送数据流。为了确保最佳传送品质及资源分配，传送器可选择性运用联合控制机构来同时监视适应性调变及编码，次载波分配及功率调整功能。此联合控制机构是留意可得资源，预期产出率及传送品质要求，于是可确保谐波平衡被维持于该三者之间。
现在参考图1，描绘用于OFDM-MIMO无线通信系统的每数据流率控制流程图100是被显示。被配置操作于OFDM-MIMO通信系统中的传送器是将用户数据流分割为较小子数据流(步骤102)。接着，传送器决定各多个次载波的信道状况(步骤104)。这些信道状况是通过分析接收器所提供的反馈信息(步骤104a)，或可替代地，传送器可测量被接收于传送器的信号预定品质度量(步骤104b)。一旦信道状况已知(步骤104)，传送器可较佳使用适应性调变及编码技术来适应性选择各子数据流的调变设计及编码速率(步骤106)。此选择步骤(步骤106)为适应性是当信道状况改变时(每次载波基础)，被选择调变设计及编码速率也改变。
接着，次载波是依据该被选择调变设计及编码速率被产生及调变数据子数据流。可选择是，为了确保传送期间的信号分集，传送器可分配冗余数据位至不同次载波(步骤108b)。此冗余可使接收器轻易地恢复因如载波干扰所丧失的数据。
各被调变次载波(步骤108)接着以来自特定天线的各次载波频率响应为基础被分配至一个或更多个传送天线(步骤110)。较佳是，次载波是以平衡传送品质(通过分配次载波至多天线来达成)及数据产出的方式来分配，若大量次载波被传送自单个或若干个特定天线，则其可能降低。传送之前，传送器可选择性调整各次载波的传送功率(步骤112)。一旦传送功率被调整(步骤112)，传送器是经由其多个传送天线来无线传送数据调变次载波至接收器(步骤114)。
应注意，适应性调变及编码(步骤106)，次载波分配(步骤110)及功率控制(步骤112)是较佳被联合控制，因而可使传送器得以平衡可得资源，传送品质及数据产出。
现在参考图2，图中示出被配置实施每数据流率控制传送设计的OFDM-MIMO传送器200。传送器包含一串联对并联(S/P)处理器202，一适应性调变及编码装置204，一分集处理器206，一次载波产生器/调变器208，一分配处理器212，一信道分析器214，一功率控制器216，一联合控制器218及多个传送/接收天线2201，2202，…220n。
被接收于传送器200中的用户数据流是经由串联对并联处理器202被分割为多个子数据流2011…201n。这些子数据流2011…201n接着被传送至适应性调变及编码装置204，其中各子数据流2011…201n的调变设计及编码速率是依据目前信道状况而被选择。适应性调变及编码装置204为适应性是当信道状况改变时，其调变及编码选择也改变。信道状况信息是通过信道分析器214被提供至适应性调变及编码处理器204。信道分析器214中，被接收器提供的反馈信息(未图示)是以每次载波基础来分析。可替代是，信道分析器214可测量被接收于传送器200中的信号品质度量并借此决定每次载波信道品质。
一旦调变及编码设计被选择，分集处理器206即冗余将特定子数据流映射至次载波产生器/调变器208所产生的多个次载波。信道分析器214所提供的信道信息是被分集处理器206使用其映射功能。然而，此冗余数据映射对所有数据子数据流2011…201n并非必要，所以特别是当信道状况不良及/或当大量数据被传送时，其有助于传送期间确保信号分集。
接着，次载波产生器/调变器208是被选择调变设计及编码速率来调变及编码该次载波。被调变次载波2111，2112，…211n接着经由分配处理器212被分配至一个或更多个天线2201，2202，…220n以便传送。分配处理器212是使用信道分析器214所提供的信道信息来决定何天线提供最佳可能频率响应给次载波。
传送之前，功率控制器216是选择性调整各次载波2111，2112，…211n的传送功率。这些调整是以信道分析器214所提供的信道信息为基础。此功率控制功能是确保各次载波2111，2112，…211n被以充足功率传送来确保接收器处的成功接收，而不会非必要浪费高品质次载波的功率资源。
为了确保速率控制，次载波分配及功率控制间的正确平衡，联合控制器218是同时监视及控制适应性调变及编码装置204，分配处理器212及功率控制器216。通过联合控制这些装置204，212，216，传送器200可最佳化数据产出及信号品质而有效使用可得系统资源。
虽然本发明的特性及元件被以特定组合说明于较佳实施例中，但各特性及元件可被单独使用(不需较佳实施例的其他特性及元件)，或有或无本发明其他特性及元件的各种组合中。

Claims (13)

1.一种于正交频分多路复用(OFDM)多输入多输出(MIMO)无线通信系统中改善系统效率的方法，包含：
于一传送器中，
(a)分割一用户数据流为多个子数据流；
(b)决定各多个次载波的目前信道状况；
(c)适应性选择各该多个子数据流的一调变方案及编码速率；
(d)依据该被选择调变方案及编码速率以该子数据流来调变及编码该次载波；
(e)分配该次载波至传送天线以用于传送；以及
(f)传送该子数据流编码次载波。
其中步骤(c)及(e)是互相考虑而实施。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包含以该决定信道状况为基础来调整各次载波的一传送功率；其中该功率调整步骤，及步骤(c)及(e)是考虑彼此而实施。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于步骤(b)进一步包含测量于该传送器中所接收的一信号预定品质度量。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于步骤(b)进一步包含：
(b1)测量于一接收器中所接收的一信号品质度量；
(b2)以该品质测量为基础传送反馈信息至该传送器；及
(b3)于该传送器中，分析该反馈信息及决定目前信道状况。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包含以该决定状况为基础来分配子数据流至次载波。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于子数据流是被分配至多次载波，以用于传送。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于步骤(e)进一步包含分配一组次载波至一组传送天线以用于传送，该组次载波包含至少一次载波，而该组传送天线包含至少一传送天线。
8.一种于OFDM-MIMO无线通信系统中操作的传送器，包含：
(a)串联对并联(S/P)处理器，用于将数据流分割为多个子数据流；
(b)一适应性调变及编码(AMC)装置，以目前信道状况为基础来选择各该多个子数据流的调变方案及编码速率；
(c)一次载波产生器及调变器，依据该被选择调变方案及编码速率来产生多个次载波并以子数据流来调变该多个次载波；
(d)一分配处理器，用于分配经调变次载波至至少一天线以用于传送；
(e)一信道分析器，用于决定目前信道状况及将该信道状况信息提供至该适应性调变及编码装置、分配处理器及功率控制器；及
(f)多个传送/接收天线，用于接收及传送多个次载波上的信号。
9.如权利要求8所述的传送器，其特征在于进一步包含一功率控制器，用于选择性调整各该经调变次载波的一传送功率。
10.如权利要求8所述的传送器，其特征在于进一步包含一分集处理器，用于以信道状况信息为基础将子数据流映射至多个次载波，其中该信道分析器进一步用于提供该信道状况信息至该分集处理器。
11.如权利要求8所述的传送器，其特征在于该信道分析器进一步用于测量于该传送器所接收的信号品质度量，并以该测量为基础来决定目前信道状况。
12.如权利要求8所述的传送器，其特征在于该信道分析器进一步用于处理由一接收器所提供的反馈信息、分析该反馈信息以及以该分析为基础来决定目前信道状况。
13.如权利要求9所述的传送器，其特征在于进一步包含一联合控制器，用于联合控制该适应性调变及编码装置、该分配处理器及该功率控制器。
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