TWI419498B - Ｏｆｄｍ-ｍｉｍｏ通信系統中改善系統效率之每資料流率控制（ｐｓｒｃ） - Google Patents

Ｏｆｄｍ-ｍｉｍｏ通信系統中改善系統效率之每資料流率控制（ｐｓｒｃ） Download PDF

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TWI419498B
TWI419498B TW098100264A TW98100264A TWI419498B TW I419498 B TWI419498 B TW I419498B TW 098100264 A TW098100264 A TW 098100264A TW 98100264 A TW98100264 A TW 98100264A TW I419498 B TWI419498 B TW I419498B
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mimo
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TW200947927A (en
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Fatih M Ozluturk
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Interdigital Tech Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Description

OFDM-MIMO通信系統中改善系統效率之每資料流率控制(PSRC)
本發明係有關無線通信系統。更特別是，本發明係為通信系統中改善頻道及系統能力之方法及裝置。
正交分頻多工(OFDM)係涉及一資料傳輸設計，其中資料流係被分割為較小子資料流且使用次載波來傳送，各具有小於全部可用傳輸頻寬之較小頻寬。正交分頻多工之效率係產生自次載波之正交性。也就是說，次載波係被選擇使其於傳輸期間彼此不干擾。
多輸入多輸出(MIMO)係涉及無線傳送及接收設計，其中通信裝置係運用多天線來傳送及接收通信信號。多輸入多輸出系統可利用多天線出現所創造之空間分集或空間多工選擇。此外，多輸入多輸出系統可改善信號品質，如信噪比(SNR)，及增加資料產出。
為了實施，正交分頻多工可優於特別是多輸入多輸出通信系統中如分碼多重存取(CDMA)之其他傳輸設計。當使用者資料被分割為子資料流且被不同子頻道運載時，各子頻道上之有效資料速率係小於總傳送資料速率。結果，被以正交分頻多工設計傳送之資料符號持續期間係遠大於被以其他設計傳送之資料符號持續期間。較大符號持續期間因可容許較大延遲展頻而較佳。為了說明，被以大符號持續期間傳送之資料被多路徑影響通常小於以較短符號持續期間傳送之資料。於是，正交分頻多工符號可克服共用於無線通信中之延遲展頻而不使用太 過複雜接收器。
包含這些運用正交分頻多工及分碼多重存取類型傳輸設計者之所有類型無線通信系統連續挑戰，係為特別於資料傳輸期間有效使用可得系統資源。多輸入多輸出系統中，當多重資料流被同時傳送時，此挑戰甚至更明顯。
分碼多重存取通信系統中被用來改善系統效率之傳統方法係被稱為每資料流率控制(PSRC)。每資料流率控制係為被特別設計用於分碼多重存取通信系統中，藉此頻寬，傳送功率及其他資源可以傳送器所視頻道狀況為基礎被分配至傳送器之一設計。具有多傳送器及/或接收器之分碼多重存取通信系統中，資源係類似以每傳送天線基礎被分配。然而，並不存在可改良OFDM-MIMO通信系統中系統效率之每資料流率控制類型設計。
於是，預期具有OFDM-MIMO通信系統中改善系統效率之方法及裝置。
本發明係為一種正交分頻多工(OFDM)多輸入多輸出(MIMO)無線通信系統中改善系統效率之方法及裝置。傳送器中，使用者資料流係被分割為複數子資料流。傳送器接著以目前頻道狀況為基礎來適應性選擇各子資料之調變設計及編碼速率。接著，複數次載波係依據被選擇調變設計及編碼速率被以子資料流資料來調變及編碼。該被調變次載波接著被分配至一個或更多傳送天線以便傳送。傳送之前，各次載波之傳送功率亦以目前頻道狀況為基礎來調整。適應性調變及編碼功能， 次載波分配功能及功率控制功能被聯合控制來最佳化產出，信號品質及系統效率。
在此，無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)係包含但不限於使用者設備，行動台，固定或行動用戶單元，呼叫器，或可操作於無線環境中之任何其他類型元件。當在此被稱為基地台者係包含但不限於B節點，位址控制器，存取點或無線環境中之任何其他接介裝置。
較佳實施例中，每資料流率控制設計係適用於OFDM-MIMO通信系統。例如，此每資料流率控制設計係施加包含適應性調變及編碼(AMC)及功率控制之共用分碼多重存取技術至OFDM-MIMO系統來改善系統效率。
依據本實施例，OFDM-MIMO傳送器係將使用者資料流分割為複數較小子資料流。接著，使用接收器所提供之回授資訊，傳送器係可決定各複數次載波之頻道狀況。可替代是，傳送器可藉由測量被接收信號之預定品質度量來決定頻道狀況。例如，決定頻道狀況可使傳送器了解信號經由頻道傳播時，特定頻道如何影響其之各種傳送參數(也就是振幅，相位等)。如進一步說明，此理解係有助於正確分配頻寬、功率及其他系統資源至次載波以便傳送。
一旦頻道狀況被決定，傳送器係選擇各次載波之調變設計及編碼速率。較佳是，傳送器係使用適應頻道狀況之適應性調變及編碼技術來做成該選擇。為了說明，若傳送器及接收器間之通信鏈結之信號干擾加雜訊比(SINR)很高，則傳送器可使用 較高順序調變及編碼速率適應性增加其對接收器之資料傳送速率。當通信鏈結之信號干擾加雜訊比改變時，調變格式及編碼速率係同樣被調整來匹配目前頻道狀況。
接著，次載波係依據被選擇調變設計及編碼速率被以資料子資料流調變。可選擇是，傳送期間為了確保信號分集，傳送器可將特定子資料流映射至多次載波以便傳送。以此法，任何因載波干擾喪失之資料均可輕易地被恢復於接收器處。
各調變次載波接著被分配至一個或更多傳送天線以便傳送至接收器。次載波可藉由任何適當分配設計被分配至傳送天線。然而，次載波較佳係被分配至可最大化該次載波之傳送品質之天線。藉由分配次載波至多天線，資料傳送品質及傳送器及接收器間之通信鏈結品質因而被增加。然而，應注意此品質增加可能係以產出為代價。當大量次載波被分配至單天線或當大量資料被傳送時，此特別為真。於是，由於預期傳送品質及預期產出位準，次載波係較佳被分配來傳送。
可選擇是，傳送之前，傳送器可選擇性調整各次載波之傳送功率。一旦傳送功率被調整，傳送器係可經由其複數傳送天線無線傳送資料子資料流至接收器。
上述適應性調變及編碼，次載波分配及功率控制功能係共同促使傳送器以改善資料產出，增加傳送器效率及增加無線通信系統整體效率之方式來傳送資料流。為了確保最佳傳送品質及資源分配，傳送器可選擇性運用聯合控制機構來同時監視適應性調變及編碼，次載波分配及功率調整功能。此聯合控制機構係留意可得資源，預期產出率及傳送品質要求，於是可確保 諧波平衡被維持於該三者之間。
現在參考第1圖，描繪用於OFDM-MIMO無線通信系統之每資料流率控制流程圖100係被顯示。被配置操作於OFDM-MIMO通信系統中之傳送器係將使用者資料流分割為較小子資料流(步驟102)。接著，傳送器決定各複數次載波之頻道狀況(步驟104)。這些頻道狀況係藉由分析接收器所提供之回授資訊(步驟104a)，或可替代地，傳送器可測量被接收於傳送器之信號預定品質度量(步驟104b)。一旦頻道狀況已知(步驟104)，傳送器可較佳使用適應性調變及編碼技術來適應性選擇各子資料流之調變設計及編碼速率(步驟106)。此選擇步驟(步驟106)為適應性係當頻道狀況改變時(每次載波基礎)，被選擇調變設計及編碼速率亦改變。
接著，次載波係依據該被選擇調變設計及編碼速率被產生及調變資料子資料流。可選擇是，為了確保傳送期間之信號分集，傳送器可分配冗餘資料位元至不同次載波(步驟108b)。此冗餘可使接收器輕易地恢復因如載波干擾所喪失之資料。
各被調變次載波(步驟108)接著以來自特定天線之各次載波頻率響應為基礎被分配至一個或更多傳送天線(步驟110)。較佳是，次載波係以平衡傳送品質(藉由分配次載波至多天線來達成)及資料產出之方式來分配，若大量次載波被傳送自單或若干特定天線，則其可能降低。傳送之前，傳送器可選擇性調整各次載波之傳送功率(步驟112)。一旦傳送功率被調整(步驟112)，傳送器係經由其複數傳送天線來無線傳送資料調變次載波至接收器(步驟114)。
應注意，適應性調變及編碼(步驟106)，次載波分配(步驟110)及功率控制(步驟112)係較佳被聯合控制，因而可使傳送器得以平衡可得資源，傳送品質及資料產出。
現在參考第2圖，被配置實施每資料流率控制傳送設計之OFDM-MIMO傳送器200係被顯示。傳送器包含一串聯對並聯(S/P)處理器202，一適應性調變及編碼裝置204，一分集處理器206，一次載波產生器/調變器208，一分配處理器212，一頻道分析器214，一功率控制器216，一聯合控制器218及複數傳送/接收天線2201，2202，…220n。
被接收於傳送器200中之使用者資料流係經由串聯對並聯處理器202被分割為複數子資料流2011…201n。這些子資料流2011…201n接著被傳送至適應性調變及編碼裝置204，其中各子資料流2011…201n之調變設計及編碼速率係依據目前頻道狀況而被選擇。適應性調變及編碼裝置204為適應性係當頻道狀況改變時，其調變及編碼選擇亦改變。頻道狀況資訊係藉由頻道分析器214被提供至適應性調變及編碼處理器204。頻道分析器214中，被接收器提供之回授資訊(無圖式)係以每次載波基礎來分析。可替代是，頻道分析器214可測量被接收於傳送器200中之信號品質度量並藉此決定每次載波頻道品質。
一旦調變及編碼設計被選擇，分集處理器206即冗餘將特定子資料流映射至次載波產生器/調變器208所產生之複數次載波。頻道分析器214所提供之頻道資訊係被分集處理器206使用其映射功能。然而，此冗餘資料映射對所有資料子資料流2011…201n並非必要，所以特別是當頻道狀況不良及/或當大量 資料被傳送時，其有助於傳送期間確保信號分集。
接著，次載波產生器/調變器208係被選擇調變設計及編碼速率來調變及編碼該次載波。被調變次載波2111，2112，…211n接著經由分配處理器212被分配至一個或更多天線2201，2202，…220n以便傳送。分配處理器212係使用頻道分析器214所提供之頻道資訊來決定何天線提供最佳可能頻率響應給次載波。
傳送之前，功率控制器216係選擇性調整各次載波2111，2112，…211n之傳送功率。這些調整係以頻道分析器214所提供之頻道資訊為基礎。此功率控制功能係確保各次載波2111，2112，…211n被以充足功率傳送來確保接收器處之成功接收，而不會非必要浪費高品質次載波之功率資源。
為了確保速率控制，次載波分配及功率控制間之正確平衡，聯合控制器218係同時監視及控制適應性調變及編碼裝置204，分配處理器212及功率控制器216。藉由聯合控制這些裝置204，212，216，傳送器200可最佳化資料產出及信號品質而有效使用可得系統資源。
雖然本發明之特性及元件被以特定組合說明於較佳實施例中，但各特性及元件可被單獨使用(不需較佳實施例之其他特性及元件)，或有或無本發明其他特性及元件之各種組合中。
200‧‧‧傳送器
2011...201n‧‧‧子資料流
202‧‧‧串聯對並聯處理器
204‧‧‧適應性調變及編碼裝置
206‧‧‧分集處理器
208‧‧‧次載波產生器及調變器
2111...211n‧‧‧次載波
212‧‧‧分配
214‧‧‧頻道分析器
216‧‧‧功率控制器
218‧‧‧聯合控制器
2201...220n‧‧‧傳送/接收天線
AMC‧‧‧適應性調變及編碼
CDMA‧‧‧分碼多重存取
MIMO‧‧‧多輸入多輸出
OFDM‧‧‧正交分頻多工
PSRC‧‧‧每資料流率控制
SINR‧‧‧信號干擾加雜訊比
SNR‧‧‧信噪比
WTRU‧‧‧無線傳輸/接收單元
第1圖係為描繪被應用至OFDM-MIMO通信系統以改善系統效率之每資料流率控制流程圖；及第2圖係為被配置使用被描繪於第1圖之每資料流率控制 設計之一OFDM-MIMO傳送器。
200‧‧‧傳送器
2011...201n‧‧‧子資料流
202‧‧‧串聯對並聯處理器
204‧‧‧適應性調變及編碼裝置
206‧‧‧分集處理器
208‧‧‧次載波產生器及調變器
2111...211n‧‧‧次載波
212‧‧‧分配
214‧‧‧頻道分析器
216‧‧‧功率控制器
218‧‧‧聯合控制器
2201...220n‧‧‧傳送/接收天線

Claims (8)

  1. 一種基地台，包括：一傳送裝置，被配置以接收來自一無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)的資訊，其指示與從該基地台到該WTRU的多個傳輸相關的多個頻道狀況；其中，該傳送裝置更被配置以將被實質上同時地傳送至該WTRU的複數個資料流)；其中，該傳送裝置更被配置以基於該被接收的資訊來選擇用於該複數個資料流的傳輸的複數個次載波，以及基於該被接收的資訊來選擇用於該複數個資料流中各資料流的一調變及編碼方案，其中該複數個資料流中各資料流的每個資料位元被分配至該複數個次載波的複數個次載波；其中，該傳送裝置更被配置於為該複數個資料流中各資料流分別地應用該被選擇的調變及編碼方案；以及其中，該傳送裝置更被配置以，經由複數個傳送天線而使用正交分頻多工(OFDM)及多輸入多輸出(MIMO)空間多工，來傳送該複數個資料流中的各資料流。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的基地台，該傳送裝置更被配置以使用適應性調變及編碼以用於該複數個資料流的傳輸。
  3. 一種在一基地台中使用的方法，該方法包括：接收來自一無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)的資訊，其指示與從該基地台到該WTRU的多個傳輸相關的多個頻道狀況；產生將被實質上同時地傳送至該WTRU的複數個資料流； 基於該被接收的資訊來選擇用於該複數個資料流的傳輸的複數個次載波，以及基於該被接收的資訊來選擇用於該複數個資料流中各資料流的一調變及編碼方案，其中該複數個資料流中各資料流的每個資料位元被分配至該複數個次載波的複數個次載波；分別地應用該被選擇的調變及編碼方案用於該複數個資料流中的各資料流；以及經由複數個傳送天線而使用正交分頻多工(OFDM)及多輸入多輸出(MIMO)空間多工，來傳送該複數個資料流中的各資料流。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的方法，其中適應性調變及編碼是被利用於該複數個資料的傳輸。
  5. 一種無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，包括：一傳送裝置，被配置以傳送一資訊給一基地台，該資訊指示與從該基地台到該WTRU的多個傳輸相關的多個頻道狀況；其中，該傳送裝置更被配置以接收一正交分頻多工(OFDM)及多輸入多輸出(MIMO)空間多工信號，以及恢復來自該OFDMMIMO空間多工信號的複數個資料流；其中，該OFDM MIMO空間多工信號中的該複數個資料流在基於該被傳送資訊而被選出的複數個次載波上被接收，以及在該OFDM MIMO空間多工信號中的該複數個資料流中的各資料流具有基於該被傳送的資訊而應用於那個資料流的一個別調變及編碼方案，其中該複數個資料流中各資料流的每個資料位元被分配至該複數個次載波的複數個次載波。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的WTRU，該傳送裝置更被配置以接收一傳輸，其利用該複數個資料的適應性調變及編碼。
  7. 一種在一無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)中使用的方法，該方法包括：由該WTRU傳送一資訊給一基地台，該資訊指示與從該基地台到該WTRU的多個傳輸相關的多個頻道狀況；由該WTRU接收一正交分頻多工(OFDM)及多輸入多輸出(MIMO)空間多工信號，以及恢復來自該OFDM MIMO空間多工信號的複數個資料流；其中，該OFDM MIMO空間多工信號中的該複數個資料流在基於該被傳送的資訊而被選出的複數個次載波上被接收，以及在該OFDM MIMO空間多工信號中的該複數個資料流中的各資料流具有基於該被傳送資訊而被應用於那個資料流的一個別調變及編碼方案，其中該複數個資料流中各資料流的每個資料位元被分配至該複數個次載波的複數個次載波。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的方法，該被接收的OFDM MIMO空間多工信號利用該複數個資料流的適應性調變及編碼。
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