CN101073302A - Three-dimensional interplanting mode of onion and marigold - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is concerned with the establishment of high efficiency solid interdrop planting mode based on the coordination of the ecology of the onion and marigold according to the different ecology habits of them. The invention can reduces the happening of plant diseases and insect pests and the drug using times, extend the growing period, improve the land use rate, and achieve the high yield by giving enough light irradiation, humidity and ventilation. The per unit area yield of the intercropped onion is 1650kg/667m2 that the benefit is 799RMB/667m2, the marigold is 1350kg/667m2 that the benefit is 607RMB /667m2; the whole benefit is 1406RMB/667m2, which the efficiency improves 46.81% and 31.34% respectively.

Description

A kind of onion and Aztec marigold three-dimensional interplanting mode

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies.Be a kind of according to two kinds of different ecosystem characterizations of crop of onion and Aztec marigold, the high-efficient solid interplanting mode of setting up based on both ecological Coordinated Interactions.

Background technology

Along with the deep enforcement of continuing to optimize adjustment and green brand strategy of Heilungkiang agricultural structure, vegetables have obtained significant progress in the industry of flowers and plants.A large amount of production practices prove that Aztec marigold and onion are the high benefit economic crops, its planting benefit be grainfield 3-5 doubly, become the structure of agricultural production already and optimized and revised new highlight with increasing peasant income.

According to statistics, the Heilongjiang Province begins the geographical and Agro-ecology research institute introduction of plant Japan long-day onion by our Chinese Academy of Sciences northeast by nineteen ninety, has reached 50,000 hm to onion cultivated area in 2006 ², all there is plantation the whole province various places.Yet because have relatively high expectations (irrigation conditions need be arranged) in onion production field limited the alternative in onion production field to a certain extent, and the continuous cropping area is forced to increase year by year, causes the onion damage by disease and insect to increase the weight of, output descends in recent years, even total crop failure; Overwhelming majority peasant household strengthens the amount of application of agricultural chemicals for guaranteeing onion output unlimitedly, causes onion residue of pesticide severe overweight, and outlet, the sold inside the country incident of being obstructed take place repeatedly, and product image sharply descends, and planting benefit obviously glides.Tagetes draft composite family therophytes, its flower and root can be used as medicine, and heat-clearing is arranged, reduce phlegm, the effect of cough-relieving, detoxifcation, detumescence, and its flower can extract the raw material of natural yellow pigment, and vast potential for future development is arranged.Also only surplus in the of ten year, because of its considerable benefit, as made-to-order farming, local government has given guiding and support energetically, hm surplus cultivated area develops 30,000 rapidly to Aztec marigold in the plantation history of Heilongjiang Province ², become one of important land for growing field crops economic crops.Along with the increase of the plantation time limit, cultivated area, Aztec marigold damage by disease and insect problem is more and more outstanding equally, and some areas are explosive morbidity.Tracing it to its cause, is not have in producing to carry out cultivation management according to the ecological habit of Aztec marigold, and it is serious further to cause the Aztec marigold disease to take place, and per unit area yield and benefit descend year by year.Investigation shows that therefore enlarging or the decline sign appearred stagnating in the Aztec marigold cultivated area in recent years.Improve onion, the existing planting patterns of Aztec marigold, set up high yield, high-quality, efficient, safe cropping pattern, realize that the sustainable development of onion, Aztec marigold plant husbandry is extremely urgent.

Aztec marigold is the rich flowering plant of short-day type in great numbers, illumination that need be sufficient, suitable soil moisture and good ventilation condition.Under the field closing condition, especially full-bloom stage is met cloudy weather for several days running, stuffy between the ridge, damp and hot discharging is slow, cause bottom major branch wound more in addition when gathering, cause very easily that pathogen is staggered infects, the disease that then can happen suddenly causes early ageing or total crop failure, therefore keep sufficient illumination, it is very important for alleviating the Aztec marigold disease to keep ventilating duct between the ridge.The onion of north is the hot and humid longday type kind in moistening ecotope, northeast, the fertile happiness of happiness water, and happiness Wen Xiguang is exposed to the sun but avoid high light; The system of fibrous root mainly is distributed in the topsoil of 20cm, requires soil aeration to want good; 8～10 leaves of complete stool growth, hat is less.

Environmental phase embedding is a theoretical foundation of setting up green onion, chrysanthemum high yield, high-quality, efficient, safe cropping pattern.Aztec marigold is the more low temperature resistant crop of short-day, and be to grow to pregnant flower bud period August in the past, enters full-bloom stage after August; Onion is a long day type high-temp resisting high-humidity resisting crop, and the onion puberty (July) need partly be shaded and avoided being exposed to the sun.Begin Aztec marigold, onion from intercropping is under well-ventilated, the damp and hot adapt circumstance condition always.Because of the onion hat width of cloth little, three-dimensional intercropping from start to finish is in the ventilation and penetrating light environment Aztec marigold, in 8 months, closing between last ten-days period Aztec marigold ridges, when entering the picking period, onion enters physiology lodging phase and harvest time successively, the onion ridge becomes the ventilating duct of Aztec marigold, and illumination condition further improves, and infection process is effectively contained; Onion has then avoided the high light direct projection because of adjacent with Aztec marigold in great numbers, and humidity equilibrium in the ridge is fit to onion and grows, and disease also is effectively controlled.Primary pest Liriomyza, maggot fly, thrips according to onion moves towards onion harming rule and flight simultaneously, and Aztec marigold has played barrier action after the intercropping, helps alleviating insect pest and takes place.Though two crop fields have 75d to interlock the symbiosis phase, the suitable condition of growing that has obtained separately, especially the damage by disease and insect of two crops has obtained effective control.

The present invention is directed to above-described problem,,, set up green onion, chrysanthemum high-efficient solid interplanting mode based on both ecological Coordinated Interactions according to onion, two kinds of different separately ecosystem characterizations of crop of Aztec marigold.The Aztec marigold per unit area yield can reach 1350kg/667m after the intercropping ², 607 yuan/667m of benefit ²Results round onions 1650kg/667m ², 799 yuan/667m of benefit ², 1406 yuan/667m of two benefits ², improve 46.8% and 31.3% respectively than single cropping Aztec marigold and onion benefit.Green onion, chrysanthemum intercropping vertical cultivation pattern have changed onion, Aztec marigold tradition planting patterns, have effectively controlled the disease generation, have reduced applications of pesticide amount, spraying times (conventional cultivation chrysanthemum, green onion annual each need surplus the spraying pesticide ten time), have improved product quality; Prolong vegetative period (having prolonged 30d vegetative period), improved land utilization rate (33.3%) and utility rate of luminous energy, and efficiently solved onion continuous cropping problem, realized chrysanthemum, foreign high yield, high-quality, efficient, safety plantation.

Summary of the invention

The present invention selects the cropping pattern of onion and the three-dimensional intercropping of Aztec marigold, and its technology is formed and comprised three parts:

A, ridge culture: dark loose 30cm, rotary tillage 15cm, autumn ridging, row spacing 65cm;

B, intercropping: " two or two " interplanting mode, promptly plant two ridge onions, plant two ridge Aztec marigolds at interval;

C, density: onion 20000 strains/667m ², Aztec marigold 2400 strains/667m ²

Embodiment

The technology of the present invention belongs to country's " 15 " key scientific and technological projects (2001BA508B05) and Heilongjiang Province " 15 " key research project (GB01B301-05).2005, Heilongjiang Province in 2006 farm, Xiangfang experiment centre and farm, Yan Jia hilllock experiment centre carry out onion and Aztec marigold three-dimensional interplanting experiment and demonstration.Its embodiment is as follows:

Put in order to choosing ground, fertilising, ridging

It is good that choosing has irrigation conditions, the neutral soil that the soil is fertile, smooth, permeability is good.Preferably do not select green onion garlic stubble, do not choose and use Pu Shite, atrazine, yellow grand, the isometric residual effect weed killer herbicide of the chlorsulfuron plot of beans year.Dark loose 30cm of autumn, rotary tillage 15cm, the thin back of leveling rake ridging, row spacing 65cm.

Fertilising

The every 667m in onion field planting field ²Execute 5 tons of the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manures or the chicken manure 1-2t that becomes thoroughly decomposed, in conjunction with applying wholely, two ammonium 45kg, urea 18kg, phosphorus potash fertilizer 25kg applies 8-15cm with tilling and seeding machine behind the ridging; The every normal mu in Aztec marigold field planting field is executed high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 5t or the chicken manure 2t that becomes thoroughly decomposed, in conjunction with apply urea 3-4kg, two ammonium 10kg (also can singly execute the special-purpose fertile 25-30kg of Aztec marigold), fertilization depth 8-15cm wholely.

Grow seedlings

Onion, Aztec marigold seeding and seedling raising phase are respectively March 5 and April 15, and seedling age is respectively 55d and 40d, and other are grown seedlings routinely and carry out.

Field management

Onion: field planting on May 5, density 20,000 strains/667m ², in time irrigate once after the field planting, enter plant vigorous growth and bulb expanding stage to irrigate in 7-10 days-inferior (furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation), stopped to water in 7-10 days before the results; Impose ammonium sulfate 10-15 kilogram in conjunction with watering every mu behind the slow seedling of field planting; Bulb expands every mu of initial stage and imposes 8 kilograms of ammonium sulfate 10-15 kilogram, potassium sulphates; Bulb expands the initial stage to preceding 15 days of results, cooperates diseases prevention to spray foliage fertilizer 2 times: urea 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% and zinc sulphate 0.1%, can promote onion expand, painted; Before behind the slow seedling of onion, expanding, intertill 2 times, be beneficial to weeding, draining to onion, raising ground temperature, the promotion root growth, onion expands; Artificial weeding is main, guarantees that the field do not have weeds; In 8 months, the last ten-days period onion progress into lodging resting stage, fine results are selected in false stem 2/3 lodging back in full field, make the onion leaf cover onion after playing green onion, keep flat on the ridge airing 7 days, treat to cut drop pass neck 3-5cm after the three layers of skin in outside dry, the classification pack.

Aztec marigold: field planting on May 15, density 0.24 ten thousand strains/667m ², in time irrigate once after the field planting or the field planting of seat water, to carry out field examination after the field planting, in time mend and plant, guarantee full stand; In time carry out artificial weeding behind the slow seedling, shallow intertillage is loosened the soil, and prevents that the plot from hardening, and carries out the ridging ridging when seedling grows to 20-25cm, height is advisable not bury branch; In time first flower plucked, promoted branch; After the defloration first time, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add 0.1% zinc sulphate, every spray in 15 days once, meter spray 2 times; The phase of picking flowers is to finish to frost July 10, and full-bloom stage was gathered once in two days, and harvesting standard is that the petal ecto-entad all launches, and gathers when stamen is seemingly opened or not.

The extermination of disease and insect pest

Adopt green onion, chrysanthemum high-efficient solid interplanting mode damage by disease and insect less.In line with the principle of prevention, behind slow seedling, spray (10 days at interval) 2 times for 2000 times with 400 times of 60% Sandofans and cypermethrin; The more serious test region of soil insect is with 5% thimet granule 1kg/667m ², in conjunction with at the bottom of applying the ridge.

Green onion, chrysanthemum three-dimensional interplanting output, Investigation on Benefits and analysis (seeing the following form)

Green onion, chrysanthemum three-dimensional interplanting output, Investigation on Benefits table

Cultivation mode		Output kg/667m 2	Output value unit/667m 2	Drop into unit/667m 2	Benefit unit/667m 2	Increase and decrease %
							Green onion, chrysanthemum intercropping	The Aztec marigold onion	1350.0 1650.0	837.0 1155.0	230.0 356.0	607.0 1406.0 799.0	-
Green onion, chrysanthemum are planted clearly	Aztec marigold	2085.0	1292.7	335.0	957.7	-46.82
							Onion	2415.0	1690.5	620.0	1070.5	-31.34

As seen, but onion, two kinds of economic crops three-dimensional interplantings of Aztec marigold Aztec marigold per unit area yield 1350kg/667m ², 607 yuan/667m of benefit ²Results onion 1650kg/667m ², 799 yuan/667m of benefit ², 1406 yuan/667m of two benefits ², improve 46.8% and 31.3% respectively than single cropping Aztec marigold and onion benefit.

Green onion, chrysanthemum intercropping vertical cultivation pattern have changed two kinds of economic crops tradition planting patternss, have effectively controlled the disease generation, have reduced applications of pesticide amount, spraying times (by 10 dispensers of every kind of crop, being reduced to 2 times); Crop yield, benefit and product quality have been improved generally.Simultaneously, prolonged 30d through measuring and calculating overground part crop growth period, land utilization rate improves 33.3%, utility rate of luminous energy also improves (measuring and calculating) naturally, and efficiently solve onion continuous cropping problem, realized chrysanthemum, foreign high yield, high-quality, efficient, safety plantation, sustainable development.

Claims (1)

1. onion and Aztec marigold three-dimensional interplanting mode are characterised in that its technology is made up of following three parts:

A, ridge culture: dark loose 30cm, rotary tillage 15cm, autumn ridging, row spacing 65cm;

B, intercropping: " two. two " intercropping system, promptly plant two ridge onions, plant two ridge Aztec marigolds at interval;

C, density: onion 20000 strains/667m ², Aztec marigold 2400 strains/667m ²