CN101065861A - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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CN101065861A
CN101065861A CNA2005800302373A CN200580030237A CN101065861A CN 101065861 A CN101065861 A CN 101065861A CN A2005800302373 A CNA2005800302373 A CN A2005800302373A CN 200580030237 A CN200580030237 A CN 200580030237A CN 101065861 A CN101065861 A CN 101065861A
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battery
battery pack
heat balance
balance element
plastic material
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M·雷伊曼
W·马蒂亚斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/623Portable devices, e.g. mobile telephones, cameras or pacemakers
    • H01M10/6235Power tools
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643Cylindrical cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10Temperature sensitive devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电池组(2),用于给电器具或者电动车辆、特别是电动工具供电,具有多个电池(4)和至少一个设置在相邻的电池(4)之间的空隙(16)中的热平衡元件(18)。规定,所述热平衡元件(18)由一种塑料材料构成。

Description

电池组
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的电池组,用于给电器具或者电动车辆、特别是电动工具供电,其中,这里使用的概念电池和电池组应该也包括可重复充电的蓄电池(Akkus)或者蓄电池组。
背景技术
用于给电动工具或者其它电器具供电的电池组由于工作中的大的有功电流而变热。特别是当电池组的一部分电池不直接接触该电池组的外壳的外壁时,这些内部的电池的冷却比邻近外壁的电池的冷却差,因为在所述邻近外壁的电池中的由于能量转换的损耗热可以更加容易地通过外壳壁被排出到周围环境。由于不同的冷却,内部的或者外部的电池可以具有不同的效率,这又会导致一种失平衡,亦即会导致这些电池的不同的充电状态,并且由此导致个别电池的过热。
作为用于平衡一个电池组的电池之间的温度分布的措施,已经公知在相邻的电池之间的空隙内设置金属的热平衡元件,这些热平衡元件用于改善电池之间的热平衡。优选这些热平衡元件由铝本体构成,铝本体兼有极好的热导率和较小的比重。但是这些金属的热平衡元件具有缺点,即在电池之间的空隙中存在导电体,这些导电体可能通过震动或者冲击能够与导电的、跨接空隙的电池连接片接触,并且引起这些电池之间的短路。为防止这一点,必需将热平衡元件非常可靠地支承在外壳内。尽管采取这种措施,然而例如由于震动或者冲击所造成的对相邻的电池的通常由纸构成的绝缘的损坏,会引起通过热平衡元件发生短路。此外,用铝制造的热平衡元件自身具有并非不是相对大的重量,这特别在便携式电器具、尤其是在手持式电动工具的情况下会带来显著的缺点。
发明优点
相比而言,根据本发明的具有在权利要求1中所述的特征的电池组具有下述优点:用塑料材料制造的热平衡元件与金属的热平衡元件相比更轻、电绝缘,此外价格有利。此外塑料材料通常比金属软,由此更好地紧靠到电池的圆周表面上。此外在使用热塑性的塑料时热平衡元件可以作为模制件通过注塑或者挤出成型制成,由此除了非常价格有利的制造外还可以实现与电池之间的空隙的横截面形状最佳适配的横截面形状。另外塑料通常具有比金属高的热膨胀系数,以致在电池被加热时更强地膨胀,从而更好地紧靠到电池上,由此恰恰在需要时,亦即在强烈产生热时可以实现被改善的热传导。通过用塑料制造热平衡元件特别也可以考虑,在将来将电池本身构造成没有自己的绝缘结构,绝缘的任务于是由塑料热平衡元件来完成。通过电池的这样的绝缘可以消除热传导时的另外的不足和进一步改善用于热平衡的潜能。
本发明的一个优选的构型规定,作为用于制造热平衡元件的塑料材料使用热塑性的聚烯烃,优选聚乙烯,最好使用高密度聚乙烯(PH-HD),因为后者的热导率值约为0.40到0.42W/mK,该热导率值达到大多数电池的一个最大的内部的热导率的范围。如计算和通过试验确定的,电池内部的通常约为0.4到0.5W/mK的最大热导率或者极限热导率的范围即已足够,从而热平衡元件的超过该值范围的热导率不会为散热产生值得一提的优点。
因此本发明的另一优选的构型规定,热平衡元件根据使用的电池的种类具有大于0.3W/mK、优选0.4到0.5W/mK的热导率,其中在需要时可以通过如下方式提高用作基本材料的塑料的有些小的热导率,即在制造时给塑料添加矿物或者金属粒子形式的填充材料,例如氧化铝或者铝,其中粒子大小符合目的地小于20μm,优选小于10μm。
根据本发明的另一优选的替代方案,热平衡元件也可以由一种弹性体的塑料材料构成,这种弹性体的塑料材料比热塑性的塑料还更好地紧靠到电池的圆周表面上,由此不仅改善了热传导,而且同时还便于电池的装入和用于所述电池的极好的震动阻尼。
此外优选不仅如此选择热平衡元件的材料,使得该热平衡元件形锁合地靠触在电池的圆周面上并且起到补偿公差的作用,而且也如此选择热平衡元件的横截面,使得该横截面至少在热平衡元件的部分长度上并且符合目的地在热平衡元件的大部分长度上与电池之间的空隙的横截面互补,从而热平衡元件基本完全充满所述空隙。然而热平衡元件在邻近它的一个或者两个端头处可以具有较小的横截面,以便防止与跨接空隙的电池连接片接触。
附图
下面在一个实施例中结合附图详细说明本发明。
图1为一个没有外壳的电池组的一部分的部分分开的透视图。
实施例的说明
在附图中所示的无外壳的电池组2用于为电器具,例如手持电动工具(未示出)供电。它主要由用塑料材料制造的外壳(未示出)、一层或者多层各个并排设置在外壳中的电池4(仅部分示出)、以及一个封闭件(未示出)构成,封闭件在最上层电池4的端头处将外壳封闭。通常由电器具的一部分构成的封闭件包括两个触点,这两个触点在外壳被封闭时与电池组2的联接触点6接触,以便将安装在外壳内的、串联或者并联的电池4与电器具的耗电器的电路连接。
所示的电池组2在一层中总共含有11个圆柱形电池4,这些电池的一部分以四边形较疏散的排列设置,一部分以三角形较紧密的排列设置,其中在前者的情况下四个相邻的电池4的中心轴线形成一个正方形的角,在后者的情况下三个相邻的电池4的中心轴线形成一个等边三角形的角。在这些电池4的上端头的上面设置许多由导电金属片制成的H形的电池连接片8,这些电池连接片分别使两个相邻的电池4彼此串联,并且这些电池连接片的裸露的支脚10成对地靠触在这些电池4的相反极化的端头上的接触面12、14地安装。
为了将在能量转换时在每一层的远离外壳的内部电池4中所释放的损耗热迅速排出到周围环境并且改善这些电池4的冷却,在每一层的四边形排列的电池4之间的空隙16内分别设有一个热平衡元件18,该热平衡元件用于电池4之间的热量分布的平衡,由此可以防止一层电池4的不同的效率,并且由此防止电池的失平衡。
热平衡元件18具有与电池4的长度相等的长度,并且热平衡元件在它的大部分长度上具有与电池4之间的空隙16的形状适配的横截面。在该适配的横截面的区域内,热平衡元件18基本上由4个凹的部分圆柱形的侧面20构成边界,这些侧面的曲率半径等于电池4的圆柱形的圆周面22的曲率半径。为避免由于相邻的侧面20之间的尖锐的边棱损坏电池的绝缘,这些侧面在其彼此相对的边缘处被窄的端面24分开,这些端面此外可以稍微倒圆。这些热平衡元件18在邻近其上端头和下端头处分别具有一个较小的圆柱形横截面,使得这些热平衡元件在那里保持与电池连接片8有足够的侧向距离。这防止例如在由于进入到电池4之间的异物使热平衡元件18发生轴线向移位的情况下不利地影响在一个相邻的电池4和一个靠触它的电池连接片8之间的接触。
在每一层的以三角形排列设置的电池4之间的楔空隙内同样可以设置热平衡元件(未示出),这些热平衡元件的横截面相应于该楔空隙的横截面。
热平衡元件18作为单独的部件通过高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的注塑制造,高密度聚乙烯的热导率的值约为0.4到0.42W/mK,这个值与电池4本身的为0.4到0.5W/mK的热导率可比较。由于这些热平衡元件18用不导电的聚乙烯制造,所以它们即使在电池4的绝缘损坏的情况下仍可保证不会引起电池4之间的短路。此外高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)具有按照ISO 1183的1350MPa的较高的弹性模量和比金属大的热膨胀系数,使得用这种材料制造的热平衡元件18在受热时比金属热平衡元件更强地膨胀,并且紧靠触在相邻的电池4上。在这种情况下,例如在热平衡元件18的靠触电池4的圆周面22的侧面20之间的可能存在的小的空气隙被合闭,并且由此改善从电池4到热平衡元件18的热传导,特别是在此点对于避免电池4的过热或者失平衡最为必要时。

Claims (10)

1.一种电池组,用于给电器具或者电动车辆、特别是电动工具供电,具有多个电池和至少一个设置在相邻的电池之间的空隙中的热平衡元件,其特征在于,所述热平衡元件(18)由塑料材料构成。
2.根据权利要求1的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料是聚烯烃。
3.根据权利要求2的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料是聚乙烯。
4.根据权利要求3的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料是高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)。
5.根据权利要求1的电池组,其特征在于,所述热平衡元件由弹性体的塑料材料构成。
6.根据权利要求1的电池组,其特征在于,所述热平衡元件由一种可塑性变形的塑料材料构成。
7.根据权利要求1的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料形成一种浇注材料。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料具有大于0.3W/mK、优选0.4到0.5W/mK的热导率。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项的电池组,其特征在于,所述塑料材料含有至少一种填充材料。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项的电池组,其特征在于,所述热平衡元件(18)至少在其一部分长度上具有与在所述电池(4)之间的空隙的横截面互补的横截面。
CNA2005800302373A 2004-09-10 2005-07-01 电池组 Pending CN101065861A (zh)

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DE200410043829 DE102004043829A1 (de) 2004-09-10 2004-09-10 Batteriepack
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CN105226210A (zh) * 2014-06-27 2016-01-06 F·波尔希名誉工学博士公司 端子固定座、电池模块及其制造方法

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US8945748B2 (en) 2015-02-03
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