CN115280580A - 用于电池单体的保持装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于电池单体的保持装置,所述电池单体用于构成对于电动机动车能被使用的高电压存储模块,其中,在并联组合体中(即并联连接的组合体)的电池单体设有最小地薄的热的绝缘层,并且以该方式包裹地自保持地置于相互直接接触中。优选地,在设有绝缘层并且这样包裹地置于相互接触中的电池单体之间的间隙用导热的填料填充。导热的填料可以附加地具有高的导电性,并且因此,在并联组合体中的各阳极也被填料一起包裹时,附加于传热也可以建立各阳极的接触导通。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电池单体的保持装置,所述电池单体以多个数量安装成高电压存储器的电池模块,所述高电压存储器尤其是用于电动车辆或者用于混合动力车辆。
背景技术
为了提供电能,已知存储电池,其也称为电池或者蓄电器。为了供应车辆的电驱动装置,需要相对高电压例如400V的电能,并且为此所采用的存储电池也称为高电压存储器或者动力电池。这种高电压存储器如今一般不构造成单块,而是模块化地由多个电池单体构成。这提高了方案自由度并且允许采用相对廉价的标准单体,这些标准单体能作为大批量产品被制造,取代特定的定制。所采用的电池单体的数量与电动车辆或者混合动力车辆的续驶里程直接相关。在实践中,作为用于高电压存储器的电池单体,例如采用圆形单体或者棱柱形电池单体。
另外,高电压存储器常常安装在车辆的乘客舱或者行李舱的区域中,并且不利地占据空间。
因此存在需求,对于安装高电压存储器,找到一种方案,使得乘员舒适性和装载空间尽可能少地受到限制。因此力求,尽可能将这样的空间用来安装电池单体,这些空间否则没有其他用途,并且在此情况下实现电池单体的大的堆积密度。这种保持装置例如由DE102016206463A1已知,该保持装置尤其是通过塑料支架构成,该塑料支架用于插入到电池单体的间隙中。
另外,在电池单体故障的情况下,第一电池单体可以热击穿(所谓的“热失控”)并且因为强烈的温度升高而破裂。在此时,热气体和碳烟颗粒排出。排出的气体和颗粒分布到模块上并且可以加热相邻单体。当在这种传热时温度升高超过临界阈值的情况下,其他单体也可以被热击穿(热传播)。
另一问题是在热击穿时单体的侧面破裂,对于侧面的热击穿也称为“侧面破裂”。在此时,非常多的热能可以在非常短的时间内传递到相邻单体上。特别是在单体通过空气绝缘时很难控制由于“侧面破裂”引起的热传播。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,实现一种用于电池单体的保持装置,该保持装置在上述温度问题方面是改进的。
本发明通过独立权利要求的特征达到。有利的进一步方案和有利的实施方式构成从属权利要求的内容。
本发明涉及一种用于电池单体的保持装置,所述电池单体用于构成对于电动机动车能被使用的高电压存储模块,所述电池单体在并联组合体(即并联连接的组合体)中设有最小地薄的热的绝缘层,并且以该方式包裹地自保持地置于相互直接接触中。在此,在第一替选方案中,并联组合体的各个单体,或者在第二替选方案中仅仅并联组合体作为整体(没有单体特定的绝缘层),可以设有热的绝缘层。在并联组合体中的各单体与在串联组合体中(串联连接的组合体)连接的相邻单体电绝缘。
在本发明的进一步方案中,在设有热的绝缘层并且以该方式包裹地置于相互接触中的电池单体之间的间隙用导热的填料填充,优选地也一起用填料包裹阳极。替选地,在并联组合体的单体之间的间隙也可以在没有单体特定的绝缘层的情况下用填料填充。
填料优选地同时构成为在电池单体与冷却板之间的粘接连接。
在本发明的另一方案中,填料具有高的导热性,该导热性可以介于空气的导热性与电池壳体的导热性之间。优选可以设置至少1W/mK的导热性。
优选地,导热的填料附加地具有高的导电性并且附加于传热也建立在并联组合体中的各阳极的接触导通,如果各阳极也被填料一起包裹的话。
优选地,通过绝缘层和/或填料,单体间距被最小化到大约0.05~0.4mm。
本发明基于以下考虑:
通常力求防止在通过多个电池单体构成的电池模块内的所谓的热传播,是用于降低在电池单体之间温度交换的措施。在此应降低如下可能性:一个热击穿的电池单体通过传热而引发其相邻单体热击穿。这以堆积密度为代价。
因此,按本发明,为了提高堆积密度,电池单体尽可能近地布置,使得温度交换有意地被允许。但是,在此,取代热绝缘,保证改进的并且尽可能均匀的温度传递。
因此,按本发明,在电池单体周围安置最小的热的绝缘层,其导致在电池单体之间的相对小的间距(大约在0.05~4mm之间),使得以一定的方式进行“热接触”,即与相邻单体的热的温度传递。这种最小的绝缘层可以例如通过热装软管、通过缠绕薄膜或者通过用带子缠绕来实现。
在汽车领域中常见的高电压存储器中,迄今为止典型的是,尤其是在圆形单体之间设置大约1~3mm的单体间距。按本发明,单体间距最小化到大约0.05~0.4mm。通过这种紧密的堆积密度,对于在一个模块中的各电池单体不需要在通常意义上的支座或者支架,因为这些电池单体相互保持。也不需要单体的定向,因为产生尤其是在六边形中的自然的布置结构(“包”)。
优选地,如此“包装的”电池单体经由导热的填料(例如粘合剂或树脂)与冷却板连接,其中,导热的填料至少部分地压入到电池单体之间的间隙中,以便也将电池单体相互固定。优选地,填料不仅导热而且导电。
在特别优选的实施例中以下特征被共同地采取:
-单体设有非常薄的热的绝缘层(0.05~0.4mm),并且然后——以该方式包裹地——置于相互的直接接触中。即在单体本身之间的间距通过薄的绝缘层产生。
-为了防止热击穿并且尤其是侧面的击穿(热失控或者侧面破裂),在这样包裹的并且然后尽可能紧密地“包装的”单体之间的间隙用导热的填料(例如填充泡沫、粘合剂、树脂等等)填充。填料的导热性越高,在单体之间的传热越好。当导热性类似于金属的电池壳体时,热量特别均匀地散发到相邻单体上。因此可以抑制传播。尤其重要的是,实现单体的尽可能均匀的加热。应该实现在较大的周围环境中向相邻单体的宽广的传热,而不仅仅是在单体壳体物理接触之处传热。
-导热的填料应优选地也具有高的导电性(例如石墨、碳、金属颗粒或者金属丝)。各单体仅仅在并联组合体中(并联连接)被包装和粘接。仅仅每个并联组合体要被电绝缘。也导电的填料因此不构成阻碍并且因此同时用于将并联组合体中的各阳极接触导通。
-替选地(也作为独立的按本发明的构思),可以取代围绕每个单体的绝缘层,仅设置围绕单体的并联组合体的一个绝缘层,于是,在并联组合体之内的各单体经由单体护套(在钢制护套时在阳极电势上)处于电接触,方式为,在这种情况下在并联组合体的各个单体之间的间隙也用导热且导电的填料填充。
附图说明
下面借助于优选实施例参照附图来说明本发明。在附图中的描述应理解为单纯示意性的。附图如下:
图1示意性显示电池单体的俯视图和剖视图,这些电池单体设有薄的热的绝缘层,被紧密地包装,并且它们的间隙填充有填料;
图2显示具有不同的导热性的两种不同填料的作用方式;并且
图3显示电池单体的俯视图,其中,阳极通过导电的并且导热的填料接触导通。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地显示电池单体1,这些电池单体设有非常薄的大约0.05~0.4mm的热的绝缘层(见围绕黑色电池壳体的薄的白色的环),并且以该方式包裹地置于相互直接接触中。在单体1本身之间的间距5通过薄的绝缘层产生。
为了防止热击穿以及尤其是侧面击穿,在这样包裹的并且然后尽可能紧密地“包装的”单体1之间的间隙用导热的填料2(例如填充泡沫、粘合剂、树脂等等)填充。同时,单体1通过优选粘性的填料2固定在冷却板4上。
填料2的导热性越高,在单体之间的传热越好。当导热性类似于电池壳体时,热量特别均匀地向相邻单体散发。因此可以抑制传播。
在图2中通过小的短的箭头描述两种不同的填料2a和2b的传导性。在图2左侧存在填料2a,其导热性小于在图2右侧的填料2b的导热性。
导热的填料2(2b)应该优选也具有高的导电性。这结合图3来解释。单体1仅仅在并联组合体(并联连接)中被包装和粘接。也导电的填料2(2b)因此建立在并联组合体中的各阳极的接触导通部3。在此,在第一替选方案中并联组合体的各个单体,或者在第二替选方案中仅仅并联组合体作为整体(没有单体特定的绝缘层),可以设有热的绝缘层。
总之,本发明涉及一种用于电池单体1的保持装置,所述电池单体用于构成对于电动机动车能被使用的高电压存储模块,所述电池单体1在并联组合体(即并联连接)中设有最小地薄的热的绝缘层,并且以该方式包裹地自保持地置于相互直接接触中。优选地,在设有绝缘层的并且这样包裹地置于相互接触中的电池单体1之间的间隙填充有导热的填料2。导热的填料2可以附加地具有高的导电性,并且因此附加于传热也可以建立在并联组合体中的各阳极的接触导通,如果这些阳极也被填料2一起包裹的话。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于电池单体(1)的保持装置,所述电池单体用于构成对于电动机动车能被使用的高电压存储模块,其特征在于在并联组合体中的电池单体(1),这些电池单体设有最小地薄的热的绝缘层,并且以该方式包裹地自保持地置于相互直接接触中,在第一替选方案中,并联组合体的每个单体设有所述绝缘层。
2.一种用于电池单体(1)的保持装置,所述电池单体用于构成对于电动机动车能被使用的高电压存储模块,其特征在于在并联组合体中的电池单体(1),这些电池单体自保持地置于相互直接接触中,在第二替选方案中,仅仅每个并联组合体设有热的绝缘层。
3.按权利要求1所述的保持装置,其特征在于,在第一替选方案中,在设有绝缘层并且以该方式包裹地置于相互接触中的电池单体(1)之间的间隙用导热的填料(2,2a、2b)填充。
4.按权利要求2所述的保持装置,其特征在于,在第二替选方案中,在并联组合体之内的没有单体特定的绝缘层的各单体通过单体护套处于电接触中,方式为,在并联组合体的各个单体之间的间隙用导电的并且导热的填料填充。
5.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的保持装置,其特征在于,所述填料(2,2a、2b)同时构成为在电池单体(1)与冷却板(4)之间的粘接连接。
6.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的保持装置,其特征在于,所述填料(2,2a、2b)具有高的导热性,该导热性至少近似于电池壳体的导热性。
7.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的保持装置,其特征在于,所述导热的填料(2,2a、2b)附加地具有高的导电性并且附加于传热也建立在并联组合体中的各阳极的接触导通部(3),其中,所述填料(2,2a、2b)也包裹各阳极。
8.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的保持装置,其特征在于,通过绝缘层和/或填料,单体间距被最小化到大约0.05~0.4mm。
9.一种车辆,其具有高电压存储器,该高电压存储器具有按上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于电池单体(1)的保持装置。
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WO2024107608A1 (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-23 | Archer Aviation Inc. | Systems and methods for improved battery assemblies for evtol aircraft |
US12100850B2 (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-09-24 | Archer Aviation Inc. | Systems and methods for improved battery assemblies for eVTOL aircraft |
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US12100850B2 (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-09-24 | Archer Aviation Inc. | Systems and methods for improved battery assemblies for eVTOL aircraft |
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