CN101044174A - 用于铪系金属茂组分的活化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了采用铪系金属茂催化剂体系和包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱的活化剂制备的活性金属茂催化剂体系。
Description
本发明涉及铪系金属茂催化剂组分的活化。
聚烯烃(如具有高分子量的聚乙烯)通常相对于它们的低分子量配对物具有改善的机械性能。
已经观察到铪系金属茂催化剂组分可用于催化剂体系,该催化剂体系生产具有非常高分子量的α-烯烃均聚物和共聚物。它们还具有优异的氢敏感性。然而它们的活性禁止性地低。
直到近来,相信铪系金属茂催化剂体系的低活性是金属性能所固有的。近来,Rieger等人(Rieger B.,Troll C,和Preuschen J.,Macromolecules 2002,35,5742-5743)或Preuschen等人在US-A-2003/0187158中显示当硼酸酯用作活化剂时和当溶剂是丙烯时,可以改善一些″双位″铪系金属茂催化剂体系的活性。这些相同的催化剂体系,当与甲基铝氧烷(MAO)一起使用时显示非常低的活性。因此,从这些研究可以得到这样的结论:对于铪系催化剂体系,MAO是低效率活化剂。
因此,需要改善包括铪系催化剂组分的金属茂催化剂体系的活性。
本发明的目的是改善包括铪系催化剂组分的金属茂催化剂体系的活性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供含有改善的高分子量级分的聚烯烃。
本发明的进一步目的是提供铪系金属茂催化剂组分在制备具有改善的机械性能的聚烯烃中的用途。
因此,本发明公开了包括如下物质的活性催化剂体系:
-铪系催化剂组分;
-包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱的具有低或无配位能力的活化剂。
当铝氧烷用作活化剂时,一些数量的烷基铝总是同时和不可避免地存在。令人惊奇地,本发明人确定此烷基铝引起铪系金属茂催化剂体系的低活性。因此,本发明的目的是提供由化学试剂捕集烷基铝的方法,该化学试剂对活性阳离子物质是无害的。这样的试剂是位阻路易斯碱。
本发明的铪系金属茂组分具有根据式(I)的结构:
R″(CpRn)(FluR′m)HfQ2 (I)
其中
-Cp是环戊二烯基环;
-Flu是芴基环;
-每个R相同或不同,且是氢或包含1-20个碳原子的烃基如烷基、烯基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基或两个碳原子连接在一起以形成C4-C6环;
-每个R′相同或不同,且是氢或包含1-20个碳原子的烃基如烷基、烯基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基;
-R″是在两个Cp环之间的结构桥;
-Q是含有1-20个碳原子的烃基(如芳基、烷基、烯基、烷芳基或芳烷基)、含有1-20个碳原子的烃氧基或卤素,且可以彼此相同或不同;
-n是整数0-4和m是整数0-8。
取代表示环戊二烯基上或芴基衍生物上的任何位置可包括替代氢原子的取代基。
在本催化剂组分中的配体之间存在的桥接类型不特别受限制。典型地R″包括1-20个碳原子的亚烷基(alkylidene)、锗基团(如二烷基锗基团)、硅基团(如二烷基硅基团)、硅氧烷基团(如二烷基硅氧烷基团)、烷基膦基团或胺基团。优选,桥接上的取代基包括含有至少一个碳的烃基,如取代或未取代的亚乙基,例如-CH2-CH2-(Et)。最优选R″是Ph2C、Et或Me2Si。
Q优选是卤素和最优选它是Cl。
配体上存在的取代或取代基不特别受限制。如果存在多于一个取代基,它们可以相同或不同。典型地,它们独立地选自含有1-20个碳原子的烃基。
配体上取代或取代基的位置不特别受限制。因此,配体可具有包括未取代或完全取代的任何取代模式。然而,环戊二烯基优选在3-和/或5-位置或在2-和/或4-位置取代。芴基优选是未取代的。如果被取代,取代基优选在3-和/或6-位置或在2-和/或7-位置。在本说明书中,位置1表示连接到桥接的环戊二烯基上的位置。
取代基的类型和位置由获得的聚合物中追求的性能确定。如果需要间规聚烯烃,选择取代基以对催化剂组分赋予Cs对称性,而当需要等规聚烯烃时,选择C1或C2取代模式。
在根据本发明的另一个实施方案中,铪催化剂组分可以由式II描述
R″(FluR′m)XHf Q2 (II)
其中R″、Cp、R′和Q已经定义且其中X是含有一个或两个孤对电子的杂原子配体并选自15或16族。优选,X是氮、磷、氧或硫且它可以是取代或未取代的。
优选金属茂组分是桥接的环戊二烯基-芴基配合物,更优选它具有Cs或C1对称性取代模式。
当需要Cs对称性时,环戊二烯基和芴基两者优选是未取代的。
当需要C1对称性时,环戊二烯基上的优选取代基位于远离桥头位置的位置,最优选它是位置3的甲基或叔丁基。芴基优选是未取代的。
活化剂具有低或无配位能力且包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱或包含一个或多个路易斯碱官能度的化合物。低配位能力表示化合物可结合到金属但在聚合工艺中容易由烯烃置换。不可避免地与铝氧烷结合的烷基铝是电子捕集体(路易斯酸)且它通过电子给体的加入而中和。电子给体必须是足够大体积的以不干扰铪。
铝氧烷是公知的且优选包括由下式表示的低聚线性和/或环状烷基铝氧烷:
低聚、线性铝氧烷,和
低聚、环状铝氧烷,
其中n是1-40,优选10-20,m是3-40,优选3-20且R是C1-C8烷基和优选甲基。
位阻路易斯碱或包括一个或多个路易斯碱官能度的化合物可以选自下式表示的化合物:
R* a-cE(G-R* b-1)c
或式
R*(G-R* b-1)c
其中G是周期表15或16族元素,b等于G的配位数,E是周期表14或15族元素,a是E的配位数,c是1-4的整数、至多等于a,且每个R*独立地是氢或未取代或取代的烃基。
还可以使用这些化合物的二聚、三聚、四聚或低聚形式(version)。
可用于本发明的合适化合物是N,N-二甲基苯胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三苯基胺、三苯基膦、六甲基磷三酰胺、二乙醚、乙醇、苯酚、苯硫酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、四乙氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二乙氧基硅烷、三苯基乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷。
优选,加入到铝氧烷中以捕集烷基铝的路易斯碱是位阻或多取代苯酚。
将铝氧烷和路易斯碱混合在一起并让它们反应30分钟到2小时,优选约1小时,以达到平衡。
加入的铝氧烷数量提供100-5000,优选500-2000的比例Al/Hf。
催化剂体系的生产率关键地依赖于路易斯碱对全部铝(铝氧烷+烷基铝)的摩尔比R。优选R为0.5-0.9,更优选0.55-0.75。如果路易斯碱的数量太大,它可用作毒物。
根据本发明的铪系催化剂体系的生产率改善了至少20的系数(factor)。
本发明还提供均聚或共聚烯烃的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
A.提供催化剂体系,该催化剂体系包括铪系催化剂组分、包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱的活化剂、和任选的载体;
B.在包含烯烃单体和任选共聚单体的聚合区中引入催化剂体系;
C.保持反应区在聚合条件下;
D.提取所需的聚烯烃。
催化剂体系可用于均相的溶液聚合工艺,或多相的淤浆工艺。在溶液工艺中,典型的溶剂包括含有4-7个碳原子的烃,如庚烷、甲苯或环己烷。在淤浆工艺中,必须在惰性载体(特别是多孔固体载体(如滑石、无机氧化物)和树脂载体材料(如聚烯烃))上固定催化剂体系。优选,载体材料是具有其细分形式的无机氧化物。
可以根据本发明采用的合适的无机氧化物材料包括IIA、IIIA、IVA、或IVB族金属氧化物,如二氧化硅、氧化铝及其混合物。可以单独或与二氧化硅、或氧化铝组合使用的其它无机氧化物例如是氧化镁、二氧化钛或氧化锆。其它合适的载体材料例如包括细分的官能化聚烯烃,如细分的聚乙烯。
优选,载体是比表面积为200-700m2/g和孔体积为0.5-3ml/g的二氧化硅载体。
可选择地,可以使用氟化的活化载体。
催化剂组分和活化剂向载体材料的加入顺序可变化。根据本发明的优选实施方案,将溶于合适惰性烃溶剂的活化剂加入在相同或另一种合适烃液体中淤浆化的载体材料中,并其后将催化剂组分加入淤浆中。
优选的溶剂包括矿物油和在反应温度下为液体且不与单个成分反应的各种烃。有用溶剂的说明性例子包括烷烃如戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷和壬烷,环烷烃如环戊烷、环己烷,和芳香族化合物(aromatics)如苯、甲苯、乙苯和二乙基苯。
优选,将载体材料在甲苯中淤浆化,并将催化剂组分和活化剂在加入载体材料中之前溶于甲苯中。
用于聚合的条件不特别受限制,条件是它们足以有效聚合用作开始材料的特定单体。聚合在氢气存在下和在烯烃共聚单体如1-丁烯或1-己烯存在下进行。
任选地可以进行预聚。
优选α-烯烃是丙烯。
附图说明
图1表示在生长聚合物链中形成内部和末端亚乙烯基不饱和的方案。
图2表示采用其中M是Zr(2a)或Hf(2b)的Me2C(3-tBu-Cp)(Flu)MCl2制备的聚丙烯样品的1H NMR光谱。
实施例
采用Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)MCl2的丙烯聚合
金属M分别选择为Zr和Hf。所有聚合反应在50℃的温度下和采用C3H6在甲苯中的0.4M溶液进行。活化剂分别是甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或混合物MAO/苯酚。当MAO用作活化剂时,比例[Al]/[M]是1·103和当混合物MAO/苯酚用作活化剂时,比例[Al]/[M]是(1.0至1.5)·103和比例[苯酚]/[Al]是0.6,其中[Al]表示铝的总量。结果见表I,它们包括以kgPP/{[C3H6]*molHf*h}表达的生产率,和聚合物性能:活性位点对映体选择性σ、跳跃插入(skipped insertion)的丰度分数Psk和在四氢化萘中在135℃测定的粘均分子量Mv。
表I
金属 | 活化剂 | 生产率*10-3kgPP/{[C3H6]*molHf*h} | σ | Psk | Mv* |
Zr | MAO | 1.1 | 0.978 | 0.072 | 81000 |
Zr | MAO/苯酚 | 2.4 | 0.983 | 0.054 | 410000 |
Hf | MAO | 0.06 | 0.948 | 0.119 | 16000 |
Hf | MAO/苯酚 | 2.1 | 0.941 | 0.082 | 610000 |
可以看出苯酚向MAO的加入增加了两种催化剂体系的生产率,但Hf系催化剂体系的效果显著大于Zr系催化剂体系的效果。采用由混合物MAO/苯酚活化的铪系催化剂体系制备的聚丙烯的分子量也明显大于采用锆系催化剂体系制备的聚丙烯的分子量,所有其它聚合参数相同。
采用Me2C(3-R-Cp)(Flu)MCl2的丙烯聚合
第一组聚合采用选择为铪的金属M和采用分别选择为甲基和叔丁基的环戊二烯基上取代基R进行。所有聚合反应在50℃的温度下和采用丙烯在甲苯中的0.4M溶液进行。当MAO用作活化剂时,比例[Al]/[M]是7·102和当混合物MAO/苯酚用作活化剂时,比例[Al]/[M]是6·102和比例[苯酚]/[Al]是0.6。结果见表II。
表II
金属 | 活化剂 | R | 生产率*10-3kgPP/{[C3H6]*molHf*h} |
Hf | MAO | Me | 14 |
Hf | MAO/苯酚 | Me | 90 |
Hf | MAO | t-Bu | - |
Hf | MAO/苯酚 | t-Bu | 33 |
另外的聚合采用选择为铪或锆的金属M和采用选择为甲基的环戊二烯基环上取代基R进行。如表III所示选择聚合温度和丙烯分压。表III中还列出了聚合物性能:在位点i的对映体选择性σi(i=1或2),在位点i的先前插入之后在位点j的单体插入的条件概率Pij(i=1或2且j=1或2)。在所有聚合反应中,催化剂体系由比例[苯酚]/[Al]为0.6的混合物MAO/苯酚活化。
表III
金属 | 温度℃ | 压力C3H6巴 | σ1 | P12 | σ2 | P21 |
Zr | 25 | 1 | 0.98 | 0.9 | 0.44 | 1 |
Zr | 25 | 8 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.44 | 1 |
Hf | 25 | 1 | 0.95 | 0.82 | 0.5 | 1 |
Hf | 25 | 8 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.52 | 1 |
Zr | 50 | 1 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.43 | 1 |
Zr | 50 | 8 | 0.98 | 0.9 | 0.45 | 1 |
Hf | 50 | 1 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 1 |
Hf | 50 | 4 | 0.956 | 0.82 | 0.51 | 1 |
在25℃的聚合温度下,获得的聚合物都具有半等规状结构且它们都显示出在稀释单体时生长链向后跳跃(back skip)到较少受阻配位位点的弱倾向。更开放(open)的配位位点的对映体选择性对于茂铪(hafnocene)(95%)比对于二茂锆(zirconocene)(98%)低和它不对单体浓度敏感。
在50℃的聚合温度下,更开放的配位位点的对映体选择性对于茂铪随降低的单体浓度而降低,而它对于二茂锆保持未改变。
不希望受理论约束,相信此行为可能是生长链差向异构化的结果。
本发明人在欧洲专利申请EP-03102060中报导基于催化剂组分Me2C(3-tBu-Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2的催化剂体系产生具有内部链不饱和的无先例的高水平的聚丙烯。这些内部链不饱和归因于β-H消除,随后烯丙基类链活化,如图1所总结。
本发明的茂铪不显示生产内部不饱和的倾向。它们的NMR光谱相反指示出大部分的末端不饱和。对于采用其中M是Zr或Hf的Me2C(3-tBu-Cp)(Flu)MCl2在甲苯中制备的聚合物样品,记录400MHz的在烯属区域的1H NMR光谱。它们分别见图2a和2b。可以从这些光谱看出,采用二茂锆(2a)制备的样品实际含有内部亚乙烯基不饱和,而采用茂铪(2b)制备的样品显示末端亚乙烯基不饱和的两个特征峰和另外可表示末端乙烯基的在5.0-5.1ppm的配合物模式。
Claims (13)
1.一种金属茂催化剂体系,包括:
a)由式I描述的铪系金属茂催化剂组分:
R″(CpR4)(FluR′8)HfQ2 (I)
其中Cp是环戊二烯基环;Flu是芴基环;每个R相同或不同,且是氢或包含1-20个碳原子的烃基如烷基、烯基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基或两个碳原子连接在一起以形成C4-C6环;每个R′相同或不同,且是氢或包含1-20个碳原子的烃基如烷基、烯基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基;R″是在两个Cp环之间的结构桥;Q是含有1-20个碳原子的烃基如芳基、烷基、烯基、烷芳基或芳烷基,含有1-20个碳原子的烃氧基或卤素,且可以彼此相同或不同;或,
由式II描述的铪系金属茂催化剂组分:
R″(FluR′m)×HfQ2 (II)
其中R″、Flu、R′和Q已经定义且其中X是具有一个或两个孤对电子的杂原子配体并选自15或16族,其为取代或未取代的,且结构桥R″是在芴基和杂原子之间;
b)包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱的具有低或无配位能力的活化剂;
c)任选的载体。
2.权利要求1的金属茂催化剂体系,其中在式II中,X是氮、磷、氧或硫。
3.权利要求2或3的金属茂催化剂体系,其中组分I和II中的所有R和R′是氢。
4.权利要求1的金属茂催化剂体系,其中在铪系催化剂组分I中,环戊二烯基的位置3由非氢取代基占据且所有其它R和R′是氢。
5.权利要求4的金属茂催化剂体系,其中在环戊二烯基的位置3处的取代基是甲基或叔丁基。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的金属茂催化剂体系,其中该铝氧烷是甲基铝氧烷。
7.前述权利要求中任一项的金属茂催化剂体系,其中该位阻路易斯碱是式R* a-cE(G-R* b-1)c或式R*(G-R* b-1)c的化合物,其中G是周期表15或16族元素,b等于G的化合价,E是周期表14或15族元素,a是E的配位数,c是1-4的整数、至多等于a,且每个R*独立地是氢或未取代或取代的烃基。
8.权利要求7的金属茂催化剂体系,其中该位阻路易斯碱是位阻大体积酚。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的催化剂体系的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
A.提供权利要求1-5中任一项的铪系金属茂催化剂组分;
B.提供权利要求6或7的包括铝氧烷和位阻路易斯碱的活化剂;
C.任选地提供载体。
10.一种聚合α-烯烃的方法,包括如下步骤:
A.将权利要求1-8中任一项的催化剂体系注入反应器中;
B.将单体和任选的共聚单体注入该反应器中;
C.保持在聚合条件下;
D.回收聚烯烃。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中该单体是丙烯。
12.由权利要求10或11的方法获得的聚烯烃。
13.由权利要求12的聚烯烃制备的制品。
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US8119553B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2012-02-21 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Polymerization catalysts for producing polymers with low melt elasticity |
US8580902B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2013-11-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst system, process for olefin polymerization, and polymer compositions produced therefrom |
US7799879B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2010-09-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst system and process for olefin polymerization |
US9328180B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2016-05-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Free-radical processes to make ethylene-based polymers using alklyated phenols |
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US10442920B2 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2019-10-15 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Means for increasing the molecular weight and decreasing the density of ethylene interpolymers employing homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst formulations |
US10882987B2 (en) | 2019-01-09 | 2021-01-05 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Ethylene interpolymer products having intermediate branching |
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DE3907964A1 (de) * | 1989-03-11 | 1990-09-13 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines syndiotaktischen polyolefins |
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US5547675A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1996-08-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Modified monocyclopentadienyl transition metal/alumoxane catalyst system for polymerization of olefins |
US5026798A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-06-25 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for producing crystalline poly-α-olefins with a monocyclopentadienyl transition metal catalyst system |
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