CN101040799A - 用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器,包括由第一材料形成的第一部分和由第二材料形成的第二部分,当被超声能量输入激发时第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被超声能量输入激发时第二材料表现出第二特征值。当被超声能量输入激发时,复合端部执行器表现出不同于第一和第二特征值的复合特征值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超声外科器械,更具体而言,涉及具有切割并凝结组织所用端部执行器的超声外科器械。
背景技术
外科医生在手术中使用超声器械来切割并凝结组织。以超声器械的谐振频率电激发压电元件来产生振动,该振动通过谐振器来传输,并且该振动被放大以产生相同频率的机械驻波振动。器械的超声传输组件具有细长的传输波导管,该波导管将此振动传输至位于器械的远侧末端上的端部执行器(例如切割刀片)。端部执行器可以主要在纵向上振动,以在附近的组织中局部产生热量,但是一些器械已经被特殊地设计为使得端部执行器主要在横向(垂直于纵向轴线)或扭转方向(绕纵向轴线)上振动,以治疗组织。
端部执行器的远侧末端对应于振动反节点。端部执行器的近端通常安装至波导管并位于超声传输组件的最远侧振动节点的略微远侧。该布置允许在端部执行器不位于组织中时将器械调节到优选的谐振频率。因此,通过限定,端部执行器的长度略小于声波波长的四分之一,该声波是当通过特定频率的超声能量输入来激发时传播穿过端部执行器材料的声波。
由不同材料形成的超声外科端部执行器可以具有明显不同的声学和机械特性。这些特性可以与诸如超声波传播波长、导热性、机械疲劳强度和传声效率之类的材料特性相关。例如,由弹性模量与密度的比相对较高的材料(例如陶瓷)形成的端部执行器可以比由具有相对较低比的材料(例如金属)形成的端部执行器具有更长的超声传播波长。
一些现有超声外科器械的端部执行器由Ti-6Al-4V钛合金制成。当以55.5kHz的超声频率进行操作时,钛合金的超声传播波长大约为87mm,使得端部执行器的长度为大约22mm。对于一些外科应用,外科医生可以优选比现有端部执行器略长的端部执行器。
材料中的声波波长等于材料中的声速除以超声能量输入的频率(周/秒)。因此,提供具有较长端部执行器的器械的一种方法是降低超声能量输入的频率。例如,将频率从大约55.5kHz降低到大约27.8kHz可以将钛合金中的特征波长增加至大约174mm。但是,激发频率具有一个具体的下限。接近22kHz振动的端部执行器可以产生令人痛苦的声音,因此很明显是外科手术室中不想要的。
提供具有较长端部执行器的器械的另一种方法是选择声音可以在其中较快传播的端部执行器材料。材料中的声速是材料密度和弹性模量的函数。基本上,弹性模量与密度之比较高的材料可以比具有较低比的材料更快地传播超声能量。一些陶瓷材料(包括氧化铝(Al2O3))表现出的特征波长大约是一些钛合金的两倍。不幸的是,陶瓷材料非常脆,在正常的握持、装配和操作中,陶瓷的端部执行器很容易被损坏。
除了提供较长的端部执行器,还可能需要提高端部执行器的传声效率,以减少端部执行器的“自热”并减少用于切割并使组织凝结的时间。诸如蓝宝石、钛和铝之类的一些材料可以比诸如铜和钢之类的材料更有效地传输超声能量。外科超声端部执行器的传声效率可以与没有单位的声系数相关,该声系数在本领域中已知为“Q”系数,对于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金和一些铝合金来说,声系数在10000至20000的范围内。一些钢的Q系数可以低至250。对于端部执行器的自热应当被最小化的应用来说,端部执行器可以由Q系数较高的材料形成。但是,也存在需要端部执行器的快速自热的一些外科应用,例如在端部执行器浸入体液中的同时进行使用时。对于这样的应用,为了在组织中快速产生热量以切割并使组织凝结,端部执行器可以由Q系数较低的材料形成。
端部执行器材料的导热系数还可以显著地影响端部执行器如何快速地切割并使组织凝结。如果端部执行器将热量过快地传导至组织,则组织可能被烧坏。但是,如果端部执行器过慢地传导热量至组织,则装置切割和/或凝结的速度过慢。根据外科应用,由Ti-6Al-4V合金(导热系数大约为7W/m-K)形成的端部执行器可能保持过多热量,而由铝(导热系数大约为200W/m-K)形成的端部执行器可能从组织带走过多的热量。
端部执行器材料的机械疲劳强度可以显著地影响端部执行器的工作寿命,并因此影响端部执行器可以用在外科过程中的次数。疲劳强度有时被称作材料的疲劳极限,并对应于材料实际上可以被应力交变无数次时的应力。Ti-6Al-4V合金具有大约41kPa的疲劳强度,而铝的疲劳强度大约为138kPa。铝还比钛合金软,因此在使用中更容易被其他外科器械损坏,因此可能导致产生使端部执行器的抗疲劳性进一步降低的裂纹。
清楚的是,外科超声端部执行器的设计已经至少部分地受到了挑战,因为对于具有一些外科应用所需的声学和机械特性组合的单个端部执行器材料来说,可用的选择非常有限。例如,可能需要提供一种比现有端部执行器具有更长的超声传播波长和更大的疲劳强度的外科超声端部执行器,其还能保持现有端部执行器的声效率和热特性。
因此,需要一种外科超声端部执行器,其具有一些所需的声学和/或机械性能的结合,这种结合是由单个材料形成的传统端部执行器所不能提供的。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器具有由第一材料形成的第一部分和由第二材料形成的第二部分,当被超声能量输入激发时第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被超声能量输入激发时第二材料表现出第二特征值。当被超声能量输入激发时,复合端部执行器表现出不同于第一和第二特征值的复合特征值。
在另一个实施例中,用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器具有多个部分,其中每个部分由多种材料中的一种形成,并且其中每种材料在被超声能量输入激发时表现出特征值,并且其中复合端部执行器在被超声能量输入激发时表现出与任何一个特征值不同的复合特征值。
在另一个实施例中,用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器具有由材料形成并连接在一起的多个部分,使得复合端部执行器在被超声能量输入激发时对穿过端部执行器的裂纹传播表现出增强的抵抗力。至少一个部分是连接至相邻部分上的层叠部分,使得在层叠部分中产生的裂纹不会传播穿过相邻的部分。
本发明具体涉及:
(1)一种用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器,包括:
由第一材料形成的第一部分,所述第一材料在被超声能量输入激发时表现出第一特征值;以及
由第二材料形成的第二部分,所述第二材料在被所述超声能量输入激发时表现出第二特征值;
其中,所述复合端部执行器在被所述超声能量输入激发时,表现出与所述第一和第二特征值不同的复合特征值。
(2)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述复合特征值在由所述第一和第二特征值限定的范围内。
(3)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一、第二和复合特征值包括超声传播波长、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和机械疲劳强度中的至少一种。
(4)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一、第二和复合特征值是超声传播波长,所述复合端部执行器的长度大约等于所述复合特征值的四分之一。
(5)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述复合端部执行器相对于所述复合端部执行器的纵向轴线在纵向、横向和扭转方向中的至少一个上振动。
(6)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一端部包括保持所述第二部分的腔。
(7)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一材料包括铝合金和钛合金中的至少一种。
(8)如第(7)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第二材料包括铝合金、钛合金、氧化铝陶瓷、蓝宝石、红宝石、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、银、铜、金和铜合金中的至少一种。
(9)如第(6)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述腔是纵向孔,所述第二部分基本上填满所述孔。
(10)如第(1)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一部分通过烧结工艺、钎焊工艺和机械工艺中的至少一种连接至所述第二部分。
(11)一种用于超声外科器械的传输组件,所述超声外科器械包含由至少两层形成的端部执行器,所述层中的第一层由第一材料形成,所述层中的第二层共轴地接收在所述第一层上并由不同于所述第一材料的第二材料形成,其中,当被超声能量输入激发时,所述第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述第二材料表现出第二特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述端部执行器表现出复合特征值,所述复合特征值不同于所述第一和第二特征值。
(12)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述复合特征值是介于所述第一和第二特征值之间的特征值。
(13)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述第一、第二和复合特征值包括超声传播波长、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和机械疲劳强度中的至少一种。
(14)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述复合特征值是超声传播波长,所述复合端部执行器的长度大约等于所述超声传播波长的四分之一。
(15)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述复合端部执行器相对于所述端部执行器的纵向轴线在纵向、横向和扭转方向中的至少一个上振动。
(16)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述第二层基本上整个覆盖所述第一层。
(17)如第(11)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述第一层由铝合金和钛合金中的至少一种形成。
(18)如第(17)项所述的传输组件,其中,所述第二材料由铝合金、钛合金、氧化铝陶瓷、蓝宝石、红宝石、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、银、铜、金和铜合金中的至少一种形成。
(19)如第(11)项所述的复合端部执行器,其中,所述第一层通过烧结工艺、钎焊工艺和机械工艺中的至少一种连接至所述第二层。
(20)一种用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器,所述复合端部执行器包含多层,其中,所述多层中的至少两层由不同的材料形成,使得所述复合端部执行器在被超声能量输入激发时对裂纹传播表现出增强的抵抗力。
(21)一种用于超声外科器械的传输组件,所述超声外科器械包含由至少两个部分形成的端部执行器,所述部分中的第一部分由第一材料形成,所述部分中的第二部分沿着所述端部执行器的纵向轴线抵靠在所述第一部分上并由不同于所述第一材料的第二材料形成,其中,当被超声能量输入激发时,所述第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述第二材料表现出第二特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述端部执行器表现出复合特征值,所述复合特征值不同于所述第一和第二特征值。
复合端部执行器的其他实施例将从以下的描述、附图和所附权利要求中变清楚。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的超声外科器械的远侧部分的立体图;
图2是安装到传输波导管远端上的端部执行器的第一实施例的立体图;
图3是沿图2所示端部执行器的线3-3截取的剖视图;
图4是安装到传输波导管远端上的端部执行器的第二实施例的立体图;
图5是沿图4所示端部执行器的线5-5截取的剖视图;
图6是沿图4所示端部执行器的线6-6截取的剖视图;
图7是安装到传输波导管远端上的端部执行器的第三实施例的立体图;
图8是沿图7所示端部执行器的线8-8截取的剖视图;
图9的坐标图示出使用由钛合金和氧化铝陶瓷形成的复合端部执行器的数学模型进行分析的结果,其中,D表示氧化铝陶瓷的直径,L表示当复合端部执行器由输入的超声能量激发时的复合波长(英寸)的一半;以及
图10是图2所示装置的替代部分的主视图。
具体实施方式
图1是现有技术的超声外科器械的远侧部分的立体图,总体用10来表示。超声外科器械10也被称作超声夹钳凝结器装置,并公开在于2001年7月3日授予Haibel等的美国专利6,254,623中。超声外科器械10是许多超声外科器械中的一个示例,通过提供这里描述的复合端部执行器,对于一些外科处理,可以改进这些超声外科器械。超声外科器械10可以可操作地连接至手持的超声驱动单元,该超声驱动单元由超声发生器(未示出)来驱动。超声外科器械10包括超声传输组件16,超声传输组件16具有细长的传输波导管18。波导管18可以是半柔性的或基本上是刚性的。波导管18将来自超声驱动单元的振动放大并传输到端部执行器20,如本领域公知的。端部执行器20的远侧末端可以以55.5kHz的超声频率、大约10-200微米的峰-峰振幅在纵向上振动。细长的外壳14保持波导管18和端部执行器16的近端。夹钳臂12可枢转地安装至外壳14的远端。外科医生可以远程操作夹钳臂12来保持组织抵靠端部执行器20,同时为端部执行器10供给能量,以切割和/或使组织凝结。
端部执行器20和波导管18可以由诸如Ti-6A-4V之类的钛合金、铝合金或任何其他合适的材料整体地形成。作为一种选择,端部执行器20可以由与波导管18相同的材料单独形成,或者由可替代材料单独形成。然后,端部执行器20可以通过例如螺纹连接或焊接节点安装至波导管18。如本领域所公知的,端部执行器20的近端可以靠近波导管18的最远侧的振动节点来定位。端部执行器20的远端对应于振动反节点。因此,对于特定超声能量的输入频率,端部执行器20的长度大约等于端部执行器的材料组分的特征声波波长的四分之一。例如,当端部执行器20由Ti-6Al-4V形成时,特征波长大约是87mm,而端部执行器20的长度大约是22mm。
图2的立体图示出用于超声外科器械的超声传输组件22的第一实施例的远侧部分。图3是组件22的沿图2的线2-2所截取的剖视图。组件22包括可以与图1所示的现有波导管18类似的波导管24。波导管24的远端安装至复合端部执行器30的近端并靠近第一振动节点28。节点28还可以略微靠近端部执行器20的近端来定位。图2所示的坐标系将组件22的纵向轴线40限定为平行于Z轴。复合端部执行器30包括具有圆形横截面的圆柱形第一部分38。第一部分38具有孔34(也称作腔),孔34与纵向轴线40共轴并在端部执行器30的远端和近端之间延伸。圆柱形的第二部分36可以位于孔34内部并可以基本上充满孔34。应当注意,第一部分38中的孔34被示出为延伸到靠近振动节点28,但是,该方法的替代方法允许孔34延伸到材料中单个或多个波长的一小部分,直到延伸穿过整个波导管24。
第一部分38可以由第一材料形成,第一材料可以是合适材料中的任何一种,包括诸如Ti-6Al-4V之类的钛合金和诸如7075-T6之类的铝合金。第一部分38为第二部分36提供了相对坚固的外部覆盖物,以在超声外科器械的正常握持、装配和操作中抵抗结构应力。当被例如可以由超声外科器械的超声驱动单元提供的超声能量输入激活时,第一部分38例如以第一波长特征性地(其中“特征性地”指材料自然表现出的声学特性)振动。超声能量输入的示例是以大约55.5kHz的频率输入大约3瓦。第一波长的示例是大约87mm。
第二部分36由第二材料形成,第二材料可以是合适材料中的任何一种,包括氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石和红宝石。第二部分36可以仅延伸端部执行器30的部分或整个长度。当被超声能量输入单独激活时,第二部分36例如以第二波长特征性地振动。第二波长可以大致大于第一部分38的第一波长。第二波长的示例是大约174mm。
第一部分38和第二部分36可以使用大量公知处理中的一种或组合连接在一起,包括但不限于钎焊、烧结和机械连接。当第一部分38和第二部分36连接在一起并被超声能量输入激发时,复合端部执行器30以介于第一和第二波长之间的复合波长特征性地振动。例如,如果第一部分38的第一波长是大约87mm而第二部分36的第二波长是大约174mm,则复合波长可以落在大约87mm至174mm的范围内。除了用于第一部分38和第二部分36的材料,复合波长的精确幅度可以依赖于其他因素,包括物理构造、质量比例和分配以及第一部分38与第二部分36之间的结合强度。
类似地,尽管不必要,但是一种或多种其他材料特性也可以具有复合特征值,材料特性包括导热率、摩擦系数(也就是材料如何与组织相互作用)、超声能量传输效率和端部执行器30的疲劳强度。此外,与材料特性相关的各个复合特征值可以在由第一部分38和第二部分36的材料特性的特征值所限定的范围内。
复合端部执行器30可以被构造为使得其近端靠近波导管24的最远侧的振动节点28,并使得复合端部执行器30的长度大约等于复合波长的四分之一。因此,复合端部执行器30的长度可以明显长于仅由一种材料(例如钛合金)制成的具有类似构造并用超声供给能量的端部执行器的长度。
如图2所示,第二部分36可以在其整个长度上具有统一的直径。第一部分38和第二部分36可以用紧密结合联接在一起,并在相互面对的表面之间的整个区域上具有最小的间隙,以一直确保复合端部执行器30的最佳性能。用于制造复合端部执行器30的方法可以包括提供由诸如钛合金之类的第一材料形成的第一杆,以及例如通过钻孔处理而产生在第一杆的近端和远端之间延伸的纵向孔。例如,第一杆可以具有大约五毫米的外径,纵向孔可以具有大约四毫米的直径。该方法还包括提供由诸如人造蓝宝石之类的第二材料形成的第二杆,以及调整第二杆的直径使其紧密地配合在第一杆的纵向孔内。该方法还包括将第一杆通过连接工艺连接至第二杆。连接工艺例如可以是烧结工艺、钎焊工艺、机械工艺或这些工艺的组合。
烧结和钎焊工艺在用于制造生物相容的、密封的、长效的、通过起搏器壳体来导电“馈通”的心脏起搏器产业中是公知的。烧结工艺包括可以用于将诸如95%氧化铝或100%氧化铝(蓝宝石)结合至诸如钛、不锈钢或钼之类的金属的陶瓷至金属密封工艺。陶瓷(例如图2中的端部执行器30的第二部分36)可以使用粉末难熔金属或薄膜溅射金属喷涂技术来进行金属处理。然后,用金属处理的陶瓷可以对金属(例如图2中的端部执行器30的第一部分38)保持高压并在一段时间上经受高热,以将陶瓷和金属结合在一起。
尽管考虑到超声能量输入的传播,钎焊合金通常是“损耗性的”(也就是它们不能有效地传播声能并易于快速地产生热量),但是也可以用钎焊合金(例如银、金或金-铜)将第二部分36和第一部分38钎焊在一起。但是,在端部执行器30的组分中使用损耗性材料(包括用诸如银、金之类的损耗性材料来形成第二部分36)将潜在地允许端部执行器30特别适合于用在流体环境中。例如,外科医生通常使用超声外科器械来切割和/或使浸没在体液中的组织凝结。体液使得来自端部执行器的热量快速消散。结果,切割和/或使组织凝结所需的时间显著增加,对于病人来说这种代价是非常高的。对于这样的外科处理,可以提供具有由损耗性材料组成的端部执行器的超声器械,即使在端部执行器浸没在体液中时,端部执行器也特别适用于切割并使组织凝结。
第二部分36也可以由作为优良导热体的第二材料形成,例如铝合金。在操作过程中,组织中产生的热量可以快速地传导至波导管24,波导管24可以作为散热片,由此帮助防止端部执行器30的过热并延长端部执行器30的寿命。
第一部分38和第二部分36可以由相同的材料形成,例如钛合金。这样的端部执行器30可以保持所选材料的声学特性,还可以更加有助于抵抗由于材料缺陷或者第一部分38表面上的“伤痕”而产生的裂纹传播失效。
将第二部分36机械地连接或耦合至第一部分38可以包括将第二部分36压配合到第一部分38的孔34中或者将第一部分38机械地压在第二部分36上。可替换地,可以使用热处理,例如,其中在将第二部分36放置在孔34中之前,第一部分38被加热以增大孔34的直径。然后,可以允许组件冷却,使得第一部分38紧缩在第二部分36上。如本领域技术人员所公知的,还可以使用各种其他公知的机械处理。
图4的立体图示出用于超声外科器械的超声传输组件42的第二实施例的远侧部分。图5是组件42的沿图4中的线5-5所截取的剖视图。图6是组件42的沿图4中的线6-6所截取的剖视图。组件42可以包括波导管44,波导管44可以类似于图1中所示的现有技术波导管18。波导管44的远端可以安装至复合端部执行器50的近端并靠近第一振动节点48。图4所示的坐标系将组件42的纵向轴线60限定为平行于z轴。复合端部执行器50可以包括具有圆形横截面的圆柱形第一部分58。第一部分58可以具有第一孔54,第一孔54可以与纵向轴线60共轴并在端部执行器50的远端和中间点46之间延伸。第一部分58还可以具有第二孔64,第二孔64与纵向轴线60共轴并在复合端部执行器50的中间点46和近端之间延伸。圆柱形的第二部分56可以位于第一孔54内并可以基本上填满第一孔54。圆柱形的第三部分66可以定位在第二孔64内并可以基本上填满第二孔64。
第一部分58可以由第一材料形成,第一材料可以是合适材料中的任何一种,包括诸如Ti-6Al-4V之类的钛合金和诸如7075-T6之类的铝合金。第一部分58为第二部分56和第三部分66提供了相对坚固的外部覆盖物。当被超声能量输入激活时,第一部分58以第一波长特征性地振动。第二部分56可以由第二材料形成,第二材料可以是合适材料中的任何一种,包括氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石和红宝石。当被超声能量输入单独激活时,第二部分56以第二波长特征性地振动。第三部分66可以由第三材料形成,第三材料可以是合适材料中的任何一种,包括氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石和红宝石。当被超声能量输入单独激活时,第三部分66以第三波长特征性地振动。
第一部分58、第二部分56和第三部分66可以使用大量公知处理中的一种或组合连接在一起,包括但不限于钎焊、烧结和机械连接。复合端部执行器50以介于第一、第二和第三波长中的最高值和最低值之间的复合波长特征性地振动。
复合端部执行器50可以被构造为使得其近端靠近波导管44的最远侧的振动节点48,并且其长度大约等于复合波长的四分之一。因此,复合端部执行器50的长度可以明显长于仅由一种材料(例如钛合金)制成的具有类似构造并用超声供给能量的端部执行器的长度。
如图5和6所示,第三部分66的直径可以小于第二部分56的直径。需要这样的布置,使得端部执行器50足以抵抗在波导管44和端部执行器50之间的过渡处产生的结构应力。可替换地,第三部分66的直径也可以等于或大于第二部分56的直径。此外,第三部分66的第三材料可以与第二部分56的第二材料相同或不同。
第二部分56和第三部分66的长度可以改变。第二部分56和第三部分66的组合长度可以大致等于或小于端部执行器50的长度。
图7的立体图示出用于外科超声器械的超声传输组件62的第三实施例的远侧部分。图8是组件62的沿图7中的线8-8所截取的剖视图。组件62可以包括波导管64,波导管64可以类似于图1所示的现有技术波导管18。波导管64的远端可以安装至复合端部执行器70的近端并靠近第一振动节点68。图7所示的坐标系将组件62的纵向轴线80限定为平行于z轴。复合端部执行器70可以包括由第一材料制成的第一部分78、由第二材料制成的第二部分72和由第三材料制成的第三部分74。三个部分可以绕纵向轴线80共轴布置,并使用之前描述的任意一种或多种连接工艺连接在一起。当被超声能量输入激发时,第一、第二和第三材料分别特征性地表现出第一、第二和第三声波波长。第一、第二和第三材料可以包括从之前对于第一和第二实施例描述的相同材料中选择的材料的任意组合。第一部分78可以具有圆柱形状,其中第一孔76在复合端部执行器70的整个长度上延伸,并可以保持第二部分72。第二部分72可以具有圆柱形状,其中第二孔77在复合端部执行器70的整个长度上延伸,并可以保持第三部分74。第三部分74可以是基本上填满第二孔77的杆。端部执行器70可以具有介于第一、第二和第三波长中的最低值和最高值之间的复合波长。
第二部分72也可以由管状材料形成,使得第二部分72限定通道或室,并且第三部分74由包含在通道或室中的诸如空气、其他气体或液体之类的流体形成。第二和第三部分72、74可以在端部执行器70的整个长度上延伸或者仅在端部执行器70的部分长度上延伸。
本领域技术人员可以认识到复合端部执行器可以包括多个部分,其中每个部分可以具有大量构造中的任意一种,并且这些部分可以以大量布置中的任意一种连接在一起。每个部分可以由与任意其他部分的材料相同或不同的材料形成。因此,可以提供具有所需特征组合的复合端部执行器,这些特征组合与被超声能量输入激发时的复合波长、结构强度、构造(包括长度)、质量分布、制造成本、使用寿命、导热性和生热性相关,但并不限于此。每个部分可以由多种材料中的一种形成,其中每种材料在被超声能量输入激发时表示出材料特性的特征值,并且其中复合端部执行器表现出与各个材料在被超声能量输入激发时的特征值中的任何一个不同的复合特征值。
还可以为具有由材料形成并连接在一起的多个部分的超声外科器械提供复合端部执行器,使得当被超声能量激发时,复合端部执行器对穿过端部执行器传播的裂纹表现出增强的抵抗力。至少一个部分可以是连接至相邻部分的层叠部分,使得层叠部分中产生的裂纹不会传播穿过相邻部分。
例如,图7中所示的端部执行器的同心部分72、74和78中的每个可以由钛合金(例如Ti-6Al-4V)形成并连接在一起,使得第一(外)部分78中产生的裂纹会不传播到相邻部分72中,由此延长了端部执行器70的使用寿命。由于来自其他外科器械的损坏,第一部分78中很可能产生裂纹。因为第一部分78是端部执行器70的相对小的部分,所以其破裂不会产生足够的阻抗来中止端部执行器70。以此方式,在吸收损坏而不变成非功能性部件的能力方面,端部执行器70可以比非层叠的端部执行器更坚固。
例如这里公开的复合端部执行器可以使用有限元分析技术来建模,以估计复合波长。图9的曲线图示出使用与图2的端部执行器30类似的复合端部执行器的数学模型进行分析的结果。在模型中,复合端部执行器具有圆柱形的外部,该外部由诸如Ti-6Al-4V之类的钛合金制成并具有沿着其整个长度的纵向孔。外部具有6.35mm的外径。100%的氧化铝陶瓷(蓝宝石)杆完全充满孔,并假设为“完美地”安装至钛合金。“D”表示氧化铝陶瓷杆的直径。“L”表示当以具有55.5kHz频率的超声能量输入来激发复合端部执行器时,通过模型预测的复合波长(英寸)的一半。
如图9中的数学模型所示,当第二部分的直径在由字母“A”表示的点处大致为零时,半波长被预测为大约44mm。这对应于端部执行器整个由第一材料(钛合金)形成的情况。当第二部分的直径在由字母“B”表示的点处大约为5mm时,半波长被预测为大约74mm。这对应于仅非常薄的钛合金壳覆盖在蓝宝石芯体上的情况。
为了对具有由多种材料形成的多个部分的复合端部执行器预测复合波长,可以开发更加复杂的数学模型。通过进行数学模型的反复测试,可以进一步开发并改进这些数学模型。
图10是图2所示装置的替代装置,其中超声传输组件122由波导管124组成,波导管124具有安装到复合端部执行器124的近端上并靠近第一振动节点128的远端。节点128还可以定位为略微靠近端部执行器130的近端。图10所示的坐标系将组件122的纵向轴线140限定为平行于z轴。复合端部执行器130可以包括都具有圆形横截面的圆柱形第一部分136和第二部分138,但是任何横截面都是合适的。此外,各个部分还可以具有圆形的孔,该孔被未示出的第三部分以与上述类似的方式填满。
第一部分136可以由第一材料形成,第一材料可以是根据一种或多种材料特性选择的大量合适材料中的任何一种,包括诸如Ti-6Al-4V之类的钛合金、诸如7075-T6之类的铝合金、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石和红宝石,材料特性包括但不限于声速、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和疲劳强度。当被例如可以由超声外科器械的超声驱动单元提供的超声能量输入激活时,第一部分136例如以第一波长特征性地(其中“特征性地”指材料自然表现出的声学特性)振动。超声能量输入的示例是以大约55.5kHz的频率输入大约3瓦。第一波长的示例是大约87mm。
第二部分138可以由第二材料形成,第二材料可以是根据一种或多种材料特性选择的大量合适材料中的任何一种,包括诸如Ti-6Al-4V之类的钛合金、诸如7075-T6之类的铝合金、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石和红宝石,材料特性包括但不限于声速、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和疲劳强度。当被超声能量输入单独激活时,第二部分138例如以第二波长特征性地(其中“特征性地”指材料自然表现出的声学特性)振动。第二波长可以大致大于第一部分136的第一波长。第二波长的示例是大约174mm。
第一部分136和第二部分138可以使用大量公知处理中的一种或组合连接在一起,包括但不限于钎焊、烧结和机械连接。当第一部分136和第二部分138连接在一起并被超声能量输入激发时,复合端部执行器130以介于第一和第二波长之间的复合波长特征性地振动。例如,如果第一部分136的第一波长是大约87mm而第二部分138的第二波长是大约174mm,则复合波长可以落在大约87mm至174mm的范围内。除了用于第一部分136和第二部分138的材料,复合波长的精确幅度可以依赖于其他因素,包括物理构造、质量比例和分配以及第一部分136与第二部分138之间的结合强度。
类似地,尽管不必要,但是一种或多种其他材料特性也可以具有复合特征值,材料特性包括导热率、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和端部执行器130的疲劳强度。此外,与材料特性相关的各个复合特征值可以在由第一部分136和第二部分138的材料特性的特征值所限定的范围内。
复合端部执行器130可以被构造为使得其近端靠近波导管124的最远侧的振动节点128,并使得复合端部执行器130的长度大约等于复合波长的四分之一。因此,复合端部执行器130的长度可以明显长于仅由一种材料(例如钛合金)制成的具有类似构造并用超声供给能量的端部执行器的长度。
对于这里描述的实施例,假设了端部执行器主要在纵向上振动,以切割并使组织凝结。但是,端部执行器也可以主要在以下方向中的任意一个或组合上振动:纵向(沿着z轴)、横向(垂直于z轴)以及扭转方向(绕z轴)。还应当注意,尽管图中所示的所有复合端部执行器的实施例都是直的,但是复合端部执行器也可以是弯曲的或者具有大量其他构造中的任意一种。
尽管已经对一些实施例图示并描述了复合端部执行器,但是应当理解,本领域技术人员可以进行修改。复合端部执行器可以包括这样的修改并且仅由权利要求的范围来限制。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器,包括:
由第一材料形成的第一部分,所述第一材料在被超声能量输入激发时表现出第一特征值;以及
由第二材料形成的第二部分,所述第二材料在被所述超声能量输入激发时表现出第二特征值;
其中,所述复合端部执行器在被所述超声能量输入激发时,表现出与所述第一和第二特征值不同的复合特征值。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述复合特征值在由所述第一和第二特征值限定的范围内。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一、第二和复合特征值包括超声传播波长、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和机械疲劳强度中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一、第二和复合特征值是超声传播波长,所述复合端部执行器的长度大约等于所述复合特征值的四分之一。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述复合端部执行器相对于所述复合端部执行器的纵向轴线在纵向、横向和扭转方向中的至少一个上振动。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一端部包括保持所述第二部分的腔。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一材料包括铝合金和钛合金中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求7所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第二材料包括铝合金、钛合金、氧化铝陶瓷、蓝宝石、红宝石、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、银、铜、金和铜合金中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求6所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述腔是纵向孔,所述第二部分基本上填满所述孔。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一部分通过烧结工艺、钎焊工艺和机械工艺中的至少一种连接至所述第二部分。
11.一种用于超声外科器械的传输组件,所述超声外科器械包含由至少两层形成的端部执行器,所述层中的第一层由第一材料形成,所述层中的第二层共轴地接收在所述第一层上并由不同于所述第一材料的第二材料形成,其中,当被超声能量输入激发时,所述第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述第二材料表现出第二特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述端部执行器表现出复合特征值,所述复合特征值不同于所述第一和第二特征值。
12.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述复合特征值是介于所述第一和第二特征值之间的特征值。
13.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述第一、第二和复合特征值包括超声传播波长、导热系数、超声能量传输效率、摩擦系数和机械疲劳强度中的至少一种。
14.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述复合特征值是超声传播波长,所述复合端部执行器的长度大约等于所述超声传播波长的四分之一。
15.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述复合端部执行器相对于所述端部执行器的纵向轴线在纵向、横向和扭转方向中的至少一个上振动。
16.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述第二层基本上整个覆盖所述第一层。
17.如权利要求11所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述第一层由铝合金和钛合金中的至少一种形成。
18.如权利要求17所述的传输组件,其特征为,所述第二材料由铝合金、钛合金、氧化铝陶瓷、蓝宝石、红宝石、氮化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、银、铜、金和铜合金中的至少一种形成。
19.如权利要求11所述的复合端部执行器,其特征为,所述第一层通过烧结工艺、钎焊工艺和机械工艺中的至少一种连接至所述第二层。
20.一种用于超声外科器械的复合端部执行器,所述复合端部执行器包含多层,其中,所述多层中的至少两层由不同的材料形成,使得所述复合端部执行器在被超声能量输入激发时对裂纹传播表现出增强的抵抗力。
21.一种用于超声外科器械的传输组件,所述超声外科器械包含由至少两个部分形成的端部执行器,所述部分中的第一部分由第一材料形成,所述部分中的第二部分沿着所述端部执行器的纵向轴线抵靠在所述第一部分上并由不同于所述第一材料的第二材料形成,其中,当被超声能量输入激发时,所述第一材料表现出第一特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述第二材料表现出第二特征值,当被所述超声能量输入激发时,所述端部执行器表现出复合特征值,所述复合特征值不同于所述第一和第二特征值。
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ATE509585T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
US20070225608A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
AU2007201176B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US8394115B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
CA2582344A1 (en) | 2007-09-22 |
JP5154113B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
ES2364089T3 (es) | 2011-08-24 |
JP2007268260A (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
CN101040799B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
EP1844720A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
CA2582344C (en) | 2015-06-16 |
EP1844720B1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
AU2007201176A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
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