CN101037937B - 用于碳氢化合物回收的二氧化碳富集烟气注入 - Google Patents
用于碳氢化合物回收的二氧化碳富集烟气注入 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种增强石油和气体回收的方法。利用工厂烟气合成出一种富集的烟气。这种富集的烟气是为专门需要而定制的；然而这种气体中含有高浓度的二氧化碳。用于一种注入物，用于提高来源于地下岩层的气体和/或石油的释放。当来自发电厂的二氧化碳隔离时注入物加快回收。
Description
温室气体已经成为环境中升级的关注点，并且被认为对不典型的天气模式和温度波动起作用。
二氧化碳的来源基本上来自工业和汽车使用。按照工业来源，发电厂是加重的因素。典型地，北美洲使用煤、天然气、燃油和其他的工厂产生高压蒸汽，然后高压蒸汽用来驱动汽轮机或者用来在内燃机车和燃气轮机引擎的使用用于电力直接生产。这样当然产生二氧化碳排放，恶化了排放问题。
增强的碳氢化合物开采过程使用易混合的和不能混合的气体例如天然气、液态天然气、二氧化碳、氮或者燃烧烟气保持压力，在油藏中通过再增压或者膨胀把另外的石油或者天然气推到钻井中，或使用同样的或者其它气体溶解在石油中来降低它的浓度和增加它的流动速度。
为了将排放的二氧化碳与工业过程和烧煤的发电厂隔离，在地质岩层中得到和永久存储二氧化碳已经成为越来越受欢迎的选择。为了长期的二氧化碳排放减少，美国政府正在发展政策来促进地质隔离。
相应地，本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用富集CO2的烟气改进第三纪的油和/或气开采方法，本方法是遵守温室气体所关注的。本发明的一个进一步重要目的是提供一种二氧化碳隔离机制。
方便起见，关于本工艺燃料的使用方面，此方法能使用任何经济的燃料来源，例如天然气、含硫天然气(sour gas)、溶解气、柴油燃料、重油、沥青、减压渣油、沥青烯、煤、焦炭、生物质能(biomass)或任何适合易燃的废弃物。由于经济原因，最好用于燃料的原料为低成本来源，例如来自沥青或者重油，例如大气或者减压渣油，沥青质或者减粘裂化残渣。这些原料被用来生产在水乳化燃料中的多相超细雾化残渣(MSARTM)油。这种替代燃料在10至大于35％的连续水相中被乳化，产生一种容易管理液体燃料，其与有天然气相似的燃烧特征。重油随着表面化学活性剂在水中被分散，生产大小始终如一的小滴。马上取得的好处就是，在火焰长度和辐射热流方面，燃料达到大于99.99％的碳燃烧，和天然气拥有相似的燃烧特征。纯粹的好处是原料中最不宝贵部分被变成有用燃料，能直接适应天然气锅炉或炉子作为经济上可行的燃料替代昂贵的天然气。
本发明这些和其他特征、方面和优点，根据以下描述和附图，将变得更好理解。
图1是本发明第一个实施例整个系统的示意图；
图2是本发明第二个实施例整个系统的示意图；
图3是在干燥的基础上实现二氧化碳燃料气体浓缩时的氧气需要量的图表；和
图4是在潮湿的基础上实现二氧化碳燃料气体浓缩时的氧气需要量的图表。
为了本发明的用途，定义下列的条款。
GHG指温室气体；
FGT指烟气处理；
FGR指烟气再循环；HP指高压；
BFW指锅炉给水；
OTSG指直流蒸汽发生器；和
ECU指能源转换单元。
参照图1，展示了使用此方法的装置的一个可能实施例的图表的说明，数字10总体上表示这些元素。
图1中的空气分离装置(没有显示)在此工艺中，将空气流中的氧气和氮气分离产生90％或者更纯的氧气12。这个是例子，根据情况可改变。燃料14，可能选自选自天然气、含硫天然气、溶解气、燃料油、柴油、乳化燃料、渣油、生物质能、煤炭、焦，与氧气12和16的混和在一起形成一种混合燃料用于输入一种能源转换单元，一般由数字18表示。该能源转换单元可以包括任何适宜的装置，例如一个简单循环装置，传统的或带有适用的蒸汽涡轮发电机的超临界蒸汽发生器或蒸汽涡轮驱动的压缩机。其它适宜装置，合并一种简单或者带一个热回收蒸汽发电机(HRSG)组合装置的改进的燃气轮机。另一种可能是柴油低速发动机驱动发电机和/或气体压缩机。特殊单元和单元的组合将取决于设计参数。
例如，对于特殊的碳氢化合物生产用地，需要一个典型的10至500兆瓦特规模的大中型发电设备或适于满足电力需求规模并产生足够二氧化碳注入体积用于改进碳氢化合物回收。上述的蒸汽驱动装置还可包括直流蒸汽发生器(OTSG)、常规成套锅炉、常规电站锅炉和循环流化床锅炉(CFB)以满足电厂的蒸汽要求。
烟气再循环回路20包含在二氧化碳富集系统中，众所周知，FGR的好处是减少烟气中的氮气及因而形成的氮化合物NOx，随之带来增加烟气中二氧化碳浓度的好处。图3和4表示随氧气量的变化烟气组成的改变。例如，图3说明了二氧化碳量的明显优势归功于通过能源转换单元的循环过程而造成氧气高度集中。图4证实了在潮湿基础上的相同数据。
对于固定的氧浓度增加的氧对燃烧空气的比率是值得推荐的，温度可以升高到超越锅炉/加热设备设计的参数。为了抵消这种限制，烟气再循环电路再流回到热气流能源转换单元18用于热淬。最好是，再循环烟气量将取决于对设备的运行参数。这一重大结果产生重要优点，即：
a)增强锅炉效率和运作；
b)对于设计师考虑不用大规模的重建或设备替换而改造现有
工厂有很大好处；
c)改进热的燃烧效率；
d)减少的NOx释放；和
e)提高安全性。
回到整体的工艺中，存在于交换单元18中的流22，现在为富集烟气的流，可在任何数目的步骤中被加工，由代表数字24的烟气调节单元总代表。通常，烟气基于试验燃料除了CO2可能有如CO、H2、氧过量气、SO2、SO3、NOx、N2、烟尘、煤灰、水蒸气金属等这样的主要成分。处理可以包括去颗粒化(departiculation)或者除飞尘、烟气脱水、热淬、烟气脱硫、压缩、脱NOx，副产品回收或者其组合。
此外，考虑经济价值，对于本领域的技术人员常用的产业行为，额外的方法可用于回收有用和有价值的副产品由数字26表示，如CO、H2、SO2、水和重金属等。为进一步净化，能源转换单元18可在亚化学计量下(sub-stoiciometric)，化学计量下(stoiciometric)或者超量氧模式中运行与燃料的燃烧。根据不同需要富集的烟气中可以产生不同的副产品。通常，这种首选的模式是近化学计量下产生在富集烟气中浓度最高的二氧化碳。在一些例子中，可能需要在烟气设计中利用这些副产品。
例如，在烟气调节单元24的操作中，能源转换单元18产生的有用能源28，可以是电力或者直接驱动驱压缩富集烟气和/或燃烧空气/氧气。根据元件的设计平衡和注入富集烟气需要的体积，可能产生超额能量30并作为过剩电力制造并出售给商业市场。
从烟气调节单元24中释放出的剩余水32可能在其他进程再使用。经调节的注入烟气经过管线34传输到地下岩层36。注入烟气中的二氧化碳体积可能超过30％；然而，根据图2和图3可知，这个变化取决于岩层36的组成。
岩层36可以含有任何一种或者全部的石油、沥青、重油、天然气、液态天然气或者可以被纯粹用于烟气隔离的物质。
回收的碳氢化合物经过管线38离开岩层36并且可能由进一步工艺的处理。这是可选择的步骤。
处理过的烟气的成分是可变的，并且将取决于含量的特定本质和岩层的物理和化学性质。最好是随着岩层随时间改变，处理过的烟气成分可以同样地要求动态改变。例如组成可以是50％二氧化碳和50％氮至70％二氧化碳和30％氮气直到100％二氧化碳。
参见图2，显示了在整个过程中的一种变化，热量回收单元23放在能源转换单元18和烟气调节单元24之间的回路中。在这个变化中，用热量回收单元23来平衡能量的产生并使联合循环方法的热效率最大化。这一安排提供使用最初动力，例如：柴油发动机和燃气轮机。热量回收单元23可用于产生额外蒸汽用来发电或用来预热水，燃烧空气或氧气来提高本方法的能源效率。
与现有技术相比，上述技术具有增进回收值的优点，最少5％；在回收经济领域这代表着巨大的增长。这进一步由额外电力和/或流的生产增加。
综上所述，通过统一在一个碳氢化合物岩层注入一种富集烟气的合成概念，下列的附加优点被实现：
减少排放的微粒；
ii)改善碳燃烧；
iii)烟气中N含量减少使得体积减少超过60％；
iv)碳氢化合物生产的增加带来的经济效益；
v)不用烟气的管道和压缩的装置；
vi)自给自足用于工艺控制的电力和/或流生产；
vii)自行产生低成本燃料例如：MSARTM乳化燃料沥青烯，剩余物；和
viii)利用超量O2增强能源转换单元效率。
Claims (14)
1.一种从含有至少一种气体和石油的地下岩层中提高石油和气体生产的方法，包含：
提供一个能源转换单元；
从上述能源转换单元中回收烟气；
将所述烟气送入上述能源转换单元中再循环，形成富集二氧化碳的流；
在注入所述富集二氧化碳的流时，根据在所述岩层中的化学组成变化，在化学上调节所述富集二氧化碳的流；和
把上述富集二氧化碳的流注入所述地下岩层，以回收至少一种上述气体和石油，同时隔离所述二氧化碳，其中，再循环烟气降低所述能源转换单元的温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中富集二氧化碳的流至少在一个调节装置中处理，以便在注入前调节所述富集二氧化碳的流。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述调节包括一个单元操作，选自去颗粒化、烟气脱硫、烟气急冷、烟气脱水、烟气压缩、脱NOx及其组合。
4.如权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，其中二氧化碳被隔离在所述岩层。
5.如权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，还包括回收在能源转换单元中产生能源的步骤。
6.如权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，还包括从上述方法中有选择地回收副产品的步骤。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，还包括为增加烟气，使用所述副产品的步骤。
8.一种从含有至少一种气体和石油的地下岩层中提高石油和气体生产的方法，包含：
提供一个能源转换单元；
提供一个烟气源；
将所述烟气送入上述能源转换单元中再循环，形成富集二氧化碳的流；
在注入所述富集二氧化碳的流时，根据在所述岩层中的化学组成变化，在化学上调节所述富集二氧化碳的流；和
为了在上述岩层中隔离二氧化碳，把上述富集二氧化碳的流注入地下岩层，其中，再循环烟气降低所述能源转换单元的温度。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，还包括从上述岩层中有选择地回收气体和石油的措施。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中所述二氧化碳富集流在至少一个调节单元中处理，以便在注入前调节所述二氧化碳富集流。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述调节包括一个单元操作，选自：去颗粒化、烟气脱硫、烟气急冷、烟气脱水、烟气压缩、脱NOx及其组合。
12.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，还包括回收在能源转换单元中产生能源的步骤。
13.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，还包括从上述方法中有选择地回收副产品的步骤。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，还包括为增加烟气，使用所述副产品的步骤。
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- 2007-02-02 DE DE602007011124T patent/DE602007011124D1/de active Active
- 2007-02-02 EP EP07002353A patent/EP1816314B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-02-02 AT AT07002353T patent/ATE491861T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-05 CA CA2576896A patent/CA2576896C/en active Active
- 2007-02-06 US US11/702,521 patent/US7770640B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-07 BR BRPI0707699-1A patent/BRPI0707699A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-07 MX MX2008010132A patent/MX2008010132A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-02-07 AU AU2007214212A patent/AU2007214212A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-07 WO PCT/CA2007/000173 patent/WO2007090275A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2007-02-07 CN CN2007100035142A patent/CN101037937B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2008010132A (es) | 2008-11-06 |
| US7770640B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
| AU2007214212A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| DE602007011124D1 (de) | 2011-01-27 |
| WO2007090275A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| ATE491861T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
| CN101037937A (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
| CA2576896A1 (en) | 2007-08-07 |
| EA012886B1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
| EP1816314B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CA2576896C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
| BRPI0707699A2 (pt) | 2011-05-10 |
| EA200801802A1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
| US20070215350A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| EP1816314A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
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