CN101035617A - 连续制备dmc催化剂的方法 - Google Patents
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/2663—Metal cyanide catalysts, i.e. DMC's
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产DMC催化剂的连续方法,其特征在于将金属盐和六氰基金属盐化合物和任选有机配体和/或有机添加剂的溶液连续供入连续反应器中并从反应器中连续取出所形成的DMC化合物的悬浮液。
Description
本发明提供一种连续制备可用作使氧化烯加成到H官能化合物上的催化剂的多金属氰化合物的方法。这些化合物也经常称作DMC化合物或DMC催化剂。
DMC催化剂在通过使氧化烯加成到H官能化合物上而制备聚醚醇中的用途已经已知一段时间。所得聚醚醇可用作表面活性剂、载体油carrieroil,但是主要用作制备聚氨酯的原料。与碱性催化剂相比,DMC催化剂导致产物在聚醚链中具有较低含量的不饱和部分。此外,以较高速率加入氧化烯。
已知关于DMC催化剂、其制备、晶体结构和在制备聚氨酯中的用途的大量文献。
DMC催化剂通常通过合并金属盐溶液和六氰基金属盐化合物溶液,随后取出、纯化和如果合适的话干燥所得多金属氰化合物而制备。DMC催化剂通常在配体和/或表面活性剂存在下制备。
这类方法例如描述在US 3,278,458、EP 862 997和DD 203 734中。
由于制备DMC催化剂昂贵且不方便,过去从未缺少过对简化制备的尝试。例如US 5,891,818描述了一种通过合并金属盐溶液和六氰基金属盐化合物溶液而制备DMC催化剂的方法,其中取出部分反应混合物并经由喷嘴以喷雾再循环入反应器中。该程序意欲抑制反应器中泡沫的形成并导致反应混合物更好的混合。该回路包括串联混合器,催化剂颗粒通过混合器由于剪切力被进一步粉碎,这导致催化剂的较高活性。然而,该程序仍昂贵且不方便,且喷嘴可被催化剂颗粒堵塞。
WO 01/39883描述了一种制备DMC催化剂的方法,其中将金属盐溶液与六氰基金属盐化合物溶液在混合器喷嘴中合并。该方法中的缺点为颗粒事实上可在喷嘴内形成,这导致喷嘴中发生压降直至堵塞。
所有制备DMC催化剂的分批方法的缺点还为各批次的产物参数不同。
本发明目的为开发一种制备DMC催化剂的方法,其中可以简单和可靠操作的方式制备质量均匀且时空产率高的DMC催化剂。同时应不存在DMC催化剂催化活性的劣化。
令人惊讶的是该目的通过将用于制备DMC催化剂的反应物连续计量加入连续反应器且从反应器中连续取出所得DMC催化剂而实现。
本发明因此提供了一种制备DMC催化剂的连续方法,其包括将金属盐溶液和六氰基金属盐化合物溶液和如果合适的话有机配体和/或有机添加剂连续供入连续反应器中,且从反应器中连续取出所得DMC化合物的悬浮液。
本发明进一步提供由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂及其在制备聚醚醇中的用途。
使用的连续反应器可为管式反应器,优选连续搅拌的釜式反应器。
可将金属盐溶液和六氰基金属盐化合物溶液(在下文中也称作反应物溶液)通过混合器喷嘴,或通过在反应混合物表面处或浸入反应混合物中的输入管加入反应器,尤其是连续搅拌釜。使用混合器喷嘴预混合反应物溶液并不是必须的。因此没有喷嘴堵塞的危险,这导致均匀且无中断地操作反应器。
从反应器中连续取出所得DMC催化剂悬浮液。在将连续搅拌釜用作反应器的情况下,这例如可利用填充水平控制与底部阀结合并经由泵或溢流连续取出来确保。
当使用连续搅拌釜时,优选通过搅拌器输入的能量为10-2-10KW/m3。反应器中的平均停留时间优选为1-180分钟。反应器中的温度优选为10-80℃,更优选15-60℃,尤其是20-50℃。
当维持这些条件时,获得具有高催化活性的DMC催化剂。
可将粉碎所形成颗粒的设备附加在反应器中悬浮液的输出口。为此例如可使用湿转子磨机。这导致悬浮液的粒度分布更均匀。
从反应器取出后,通常将DMC化合物的悬浮液送至清洗、过滤、再分散和如果合适的话干燥步骤。这些后处理步骤同样可连续操作。然而,也可将悬浮液收集在中间容器中并将其分批送至所述后处理步骤。
清洗可仅用水、用有机配体或这两种的任何混合物进行。
原则上也可不干燥DMC催化剂并将其再分散形式用作制备聚醚醇的悬浮液。同样可在干燥后悬浮DMC催化剂并将其以该形式用于制备聚醚醇。
如果进行DMC催化剂的干燥,则该干燥优选在20-150℃,尤其是30-100℃的温度和0.01-1巴,尤其是0.05-0.7巴的压力下进行。
取决于所用反应物和助剂和制备条件,由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂可具有不同的晶体结构。因此,DMC催化剂可具有结晶的或无定形结构。结晶DMC催化剂例如描述在WO 99/16775中;无定形DMC催化剂例如描述在EP 654 302中。催化剂还可为半结晶的,这意味着它们既包含结晶部分也包含无定形部分。
在结晶DMC催化剂中,特别优选具有单斜晶体结构的那些催化剂。
在另一优选实施方案中,由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂具有片晶形状,例如如WO 00/74845中所述。
由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂通常具有通式(I)
M1 a[M2(CN)b(A)c]d·fM1 gXn·h(H2O)eL·kP (I)
其中
M1为选自如下的金属离子:Zn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Sn2+、Sn4+、Pb2+、Mo4+、Mo6+、Al3+、V4+、V5+、Sr2+、W4+、W6+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Cu2+、La3+、Ce3+、Ce4+、Eu3+、Mg2+、Ti3+、Ti4+、Ag+、Rh2+、Ru2+、Ru3+、Pd2+
M2为选自如下的金属离子:Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Mn2+、Mn3+、Ni2+、V4+、V5+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Rh3+、Ru2+、Ir3+且M1和M2不同,
A为选自如下的阴离子:卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酰基、磷酸根、磷酸氢根或磷酸二氢根
X为选自如下的阴离子:卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根、硝酸根或亚硝酸根(NO2 -),以及不带电荷的种类CO、H2O和NO,
L为选自如下的水溶混性配体:醇、醛、酮、醚、聚醚、酯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、脲、酰胺、腈和硫化物或其混合物,
P为选自如下的有机添加剂:聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸)、聚丙烯酸、聚(丙烯酰胺/马来酸)、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸烷基酯、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚乙烯基甲基醚、聚乙烯基乙基醚、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸)、聚乙烯基甲基酮、聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)、聚(丙烯酸/苯乙烯)、唑啉聚合物、聚亚烷基亚胺、马来酸和马来酸酐共聚物、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙酸酯、表面活性离子化合物和界面活性离子化合物,没食子酸及其盐、酯或酰胺,多元醇和苷的羧酸酯,
和
a、b、d、q和n为大于0的整数或分数,
c、f、e、h和k为大于或等于0的整数或分数,
其中
选择a、b、c和d,以及q和n以确保电中性。
这些催化剂如上所述可为结晶或无定形。在k为0的情况下,优选结晶的双金属氰化合物。在k大于0的情况下,优选结晶、半结晶或基本无定形的催化剂。
由本发明方法制备的通式(I)的DMC催化剂的优选实施方案为那些其中k大于0的催化剂。这种DMC催化剂包含至少一种多金属氰化合物、至少一种有机配体和至少一种有机添加剂P。
在另一优选实施方案中,k为0,e任选为0和X仅为羧酸根,优选甲酸根、乙酸根和丙酸根。在例如描述于WO 99/16775的该实施方案中,优选结晶的双金属氰化物催化剂。
M1的优选实例为Zn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Fe3+、Mn2+。M2的优选实例为Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Ir3+。A的优选实例为卤离子和羧酸根,优选乙酸根。
可在DMC催化剂的制备中使用至少一种表面活性剂代替有机配体或与有机配体一起使用。该表面活性剂未掺入催化剂中并且通过清洗催化剂而从催化剂中基本完全除去。如此制备的DMC催化剂具有改进的形态。
在由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂的另一实施方案中,如WO01/03830中所述,将通式R-S(O)2-R的有机砜或通式R-S(O)-R的亚砜用作有机配合剂L。该实施方案的优点为在聚醚醇的制备中诱导时间短且放热温和。
在本发明方法的优选实施方案中,反应在PH>1,优选>4,更优选>7的条件下进行。在这些条件下,形成具有单斜晶体结构的结晶DMC催化剂。
在催化剂的另一优选实施方案中,f、e和k不等于0。这些催化剂为包含优选量为0.5-30重量%的水溶混性有机配体和优选量为5-80重量%有机添加剂的DMC催化剂。这类催化剂例如描述于WO 98/06312中。
例如如US 5,158,922中所述,当使用例如Turrax的搅拌釜时,可在激烈搅拌下制备催化剂。
由本发明方法制备的DMC化合物如上所述通常用作使氧化烯加成到H官能起始物质上的催化剂。如此获得的产物可用作表面活性剂、载体油或作为制备聚氨酯的聚醚醇。
使用的氧化烯可为所有已知的氧化烯,例如氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、氧化苯乙烯,使用的氧化烯尤其为氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和所述化合物的混合物。
为制备用作制备聚氨酯原料的聚醚醇,使用的起始物质尤其为多官能醇,并且使用的氧化烯优选为氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯。
所用的起始物质为H官能化合物。尤其是使用官能度为1-8,优选2-8的醇。为制备用于柔性聚氨酯泡沫的聚醚醇,所用的起始物质优选为官能度为2-4,尤其是2和3的醇。实例为乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇。当借助DMC催化剂加成氧化烯时,有利的是使用其和氧化烯,尤其是氧化丙烯的反应产物代替所述醇或与所述醇一起使用。这类化合物优选具有至多500g/mol的摩尔质量。在这些反应产物的制备中,可用任何催化剂如用碱性催化剂加成氧化烯。用于制备柔性聚氨酯泡沫的聚醚醇通常具有20-100mg KOH/g的羟值。
在制备用于本发明方法的聚醚醇的过程中,氧化烯可通过已知方法加成。例如,聚醚醇可仅含有一种氧化烯。当使用多种氧化烯时,其中单独和连续加入氧化烯而已知的嵌段排列,或其中氧化烯一起计量加入而已知的无规排列是可以的。当制备聚醚醇时,也可将嵌段和无规部分均掺入聚醚链中。
因此通常在常规条件下如在60-180℃,优选90-140℃,尤其是100-130℃的温度和0-20巴,优选0-10巴,尤其是0-5巴的压力下加成氧化烯。在烷氧基化开始前,根据WO 98/52689的教导可通过气提来预处理起始物质和DMC催化剂的混合物。
氧化烯的加成结束后,通常通过如下常规方法后处理聚醚醇:通常通过蒸馏、蒸汽或气提,和/或其它除臭方法来除去未转化的氧化烯和挥发性组分。
氧化烯的加成结束后,可从反应混合物中除去催化剂。然而,对于聚醚醇的绝大部分应用,尤其是在制备聚氨酯中可将其留在产物中。
在特定的实施方案中,可连续制备聚醚醇。这种程序例如描述于WO98/03571或JP H6-16806中。在该程序中,将氧化烯和起始物质连续计量加入连续反应器中并连续取出所得聚醚醇。
使用DMC催化剂制备的聚醚醇如上所述通常用于与多异氰酸酯反应而制备柔性聚氨酯。
与由常规分批方法制备的其它催化剂相比,由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂的性能没有任何缺点。本发明方法使制备DMC催化剂的复杂水平和花费明显降低。此外,由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂具有均匀的性能。
本发明将通过如下实施例详细说明。
实施例1(对比)
半连续制备DMC催化剂悬浮液
溶液1由乙酸锌水溶液(2.6%锌)组成,溶液2由含0.9%钴的六氰基钴酸钾水溶液组成。将溶液1以7.91kg/h,溶液2以10kg/h经由混合器喷嘴计量加入3升的搅拌容器中。这两种溶液都含有2重量%表面活性剂(购自BASF AG的PluronicPE6200)。在将搅拌釜装料后,停止进料并在20℃下通过搅拌容器中的底部输出口连续搅拌排出所存在的DMC悬浮液,且能量通过1W/l的搅拌输入1h。随后,过滤掉催化剂,用水清洗并在60℃下干燥。
实施例2
使用混合器喷嘴连续制备DMC催化剂悬浮液
溶液1由乙酸锌水溶液(2.6%锌)组成,溶液2由含0.9%钴的六氰基钴酸钾水溶液组成。将溶液1以7.91kg/h,溶液2以10kg/h经由混合器喷嘴计量加入3升的搅拌容器中。这两种溶液都含有2重量%表面活性剂(购自BASF AG的PluronicPE6200)。在将搅拌釜装料后,继续计量加入;在20℃的温度下通过搅拌容器中的底部输出阀在填充水平控制下连续排出所存在的DMC悬浮液,且能量通过1W/l的搅拌输入。搅拌釜中的平均停留时间为10min。为确保达到稳态,实验进行10个平均停留时间。随后,过滤掉催化剂,用水清洗并在60℃下干燥。
实施例3
不用混合器喷嘴连续制备DMC催化剂悬浮液
溶液1由乙酸锌水溶液(2.6%锌)组成,溶液2由含0.9%钴的六氰基钴酸钾水溶液组成。将溶液1以3.95kg/h,溶液2以5kg/h经由输入管计量加入3升的搅拌容器中。这两种溶液都含有2重量%表面活性剂(购自BASF AG的PluronicPE6200)。在将搅拌釜装料后,继续计量加入;在35℃的温度下通过搅拌容器中的底部输出阀在填充水平控制下连续排出所存在的DMC悬浮液,且能量通过1W/l的搅拌输入。搅拌釜中的平均停留时间为20min。为确保达到稳态,实验进行10个平均停留时间。随后,过滤掉催化剂,用水清洗并在60℃下干燥。
测定催化剂活性的方法
将给定量的待测试DMC催化剂加入10g分子量Mw为1000g/mol的下文称作VP900的甘油丙氧化物中,并用购自IKA的Ultra-TurraxT25分散单元分散混合物5分钟得到浓缩物。然后再加入120g VP900并再用Ultra-TurraxT25均化5分钟。然后将该VP900/DMC混合物在搅拌高压釜中在100℃和3毫巴下保持2小时。随后,在130℃下一次计量加入70g氧化丙烯。从温度和压力升高,记录最大值并记为引发时间,同时评价活性。在氧化丙烯完全反应后,这可由压力降低到恒定水平辨别出,用氮气惰性化后将聚醚醇从高压釜中排出。
结果:
催化剂 浓度[ppm] 开始时间[min] pmax/Tmax
实施例 1100 8 8.6巴/165℃
实施例 2100 7 8.9巴/175℃
实施例 3100 10 8.4巴/169℃
对比例* 100 8 8.6巴/172℃
*EP862 997,实施例1
明显的是由本发明方法制备的DMC催化剂的催化活性与来自常规方法的DMC催化剂的催化活性相当。
Claims (15)
1.一种制备DMC催化剂的连续方法,其包括将金属盐溶液和六氰基金属盐化合物溶液和如果合适的话有机配体和/或有机添加剂连续供入连续反应器中,且从所述反应器中连续取出所得DMC化合物的悬浮液。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中使用的连续反应器为搅拌釜反应器。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将起始化合物通过输入管供入。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将所述输入管安装在所述反应器中反应混合物的表面处或浸入所述反应混合物中。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将所述起始化合物经由混合器喷嘴供入。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中利用填充水平控制和底部阀的结合并经由泵或溢流从所述反应器中连续取出所述悬浮液。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将用于粉碎所形成颗粒的设备附加在所述连续反应器的取出点。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应在10-80℃的温度下进行。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在所述反应器中的平均停留时间为1-180分钟。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中输入所述连续反应器的能量为10-2-10KW/m3。
11.一种根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法所制备的DMC催化剂。
12.根据权利要求11的DMC催化剂,其为结晶的。
13.根据权利要求11的DMC催化剂,其具有单斜晶体结构。
14.根据权利要求11的DMC催化剂在使氧化烯加成到具有活性氢原子的化合物上的用途。
15.一种通过使用催化剂使氧化烯加成到具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性氢原子的化合物上而制备聚醚醇的方法,其包括将根据权利要求11的DMC催化剂用作所述催化剂。
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US3278458A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1966-10-11 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Method of making a polyether using a double metal cyanide complex compound |
JP2884614B2 (ja) * | 1989-09-01 | 1999-04-19 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒の製造方法 |
JP2570903B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-27 | 1997-01-16 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒の製造法 |
US5158922A (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1992-10-27 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for preparing metal cyanide complex catalyst |
US5891818A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-04-06 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Cyanide complex catalyst manufacturing process |
US6800583B2 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2004-10-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Suspension of multimetal cyanide compounds, their preparation and their use |
DE19958355A1 (de) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-07 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von DMC-Katalysatoren |
WO2003078055A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2003-09-25 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Continuous process and apparatus for the efficient conversion of inorganic solid particles |
DE10228254A1 (de) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-01-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetheralkoholen |
JP4556496B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2010-10-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒、その製造方法およびその利用 |
-
2004
- 2004-10-05 DE DE102004048735A patent/DE102004048735A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 CN CNA2005800338252A patent/CN101035617A/zh active Pending
- 2005-09-28 JP JP2007535062A patent/JP4954077B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-28 EP EP05789181A patent/EP1799344A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-28 KR KR1020077009163A patent/KR20070063557A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-28 US US11/576,105 patent/US20080071117A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-28 MX MX2007003684A patent/MX2007003684A/es unknown
- 2005-09-28 WO PCT/EP2005/010492 patent/WO2006037541A2/de active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1799344A2 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
WO2006037541A3 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
DE102004048735A1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
JP2008515617A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
JP4954077B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
WO2006037541A2 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
MX2007003684A (es) | 2007-05-21 |
US20080071117A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
KR20070063557A (ko) | 2007-06-19 |
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