CN101006258A - 用于衰减扭转振动的装置 - Google Patents

用于衰减扭转振动的装置 Download PDF

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CN101006258A
CN101006258A CNA2005800286296A CN200580028629A CN101006258A CN 101006258 A CN101006258 A CN 101006258A CN A2005800286296 A CNA2005800286296 A CN A2005800286296A CN 200580028629 A CN200580028629 A CN 200580028629A CN 101006258 A CN101006258 A CN 101006258A
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CN100507231C (zh
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伯恩哈德·威斯内特
哈拉尔德·霍赫穆特
亚历山大·泽尼克尔
西古尔德·威尔赫姆
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/04Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with a clutch for locking the driving and driven members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/04Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed
    • F16D43/14Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed with centrifugal masses actuating the clutching members directly in a direction which has at least a radial component; with centrifugal masses themselves being the clutching members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/04Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed
    • F16D43/14Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed with centrifugal masses actuating the clutching members directly in a direction which has at least a radial component; with centrifugal masses themselves being the clutching members
    • F16D43/16Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed with centrifugal masses actuating the clutching members directly in a direction which has at least a radial component; with centrifugal masses themselves being the clutching members with clutching members having interengaging parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/1202Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the damping action being at least partially controlled by centrifugal masses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32Friction members
    • F16H55/36Pulleys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32Friction members
    • F16H55/36Pulleys
    • F16H2055/366Pulleys with means providing resilience or vibration damping

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在传动链中衰减扭转振动的装置,特别是用于在活塞式内燃机的附加装置的活塞式内燃机的牵引工具驱动中的装置,所述装置设置有在带盘(25)与转子的轮毂(26)之间的飞轮式离合器(27),其中所述轮毂(26)与附加装置的主动轴(1)相连而带盘(25)通过牵引工具与曲轴相连,并且其中所述飞轮式离合器(27)具有包围所述轮毂(26)且固定在其上的内环(34)和以径向间隙包围所述内环(34)的、固定在所述带盘(25)上的外环(35),其特征在于,在所述内环(34)中设置有至少一个与离心力相关地操作的锁定元件(36)和在所述外环(35)中设置有至少一个锁定容纳器(37)。

Description

用于衰减扭转振动的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在传动链中衰减扭转振动的装置,特别是在用于活塞式内燃机的附加装置的活塞式内燃机的牵引工具驱动中的装置,该装置具有设置在带盘与轮毂之间的飞轮式离合器,其中轮毂与附加装置的主动轴相连而带盘通过牵引工具与曲轴相连,并且其中飞轮式离合器具有包围轮毂且固定在其上的内环和以径向间隙包围内环的、固定在带盘上的外环。
背景技术
有条件地通过汽车工业增加努力来减小平均的燃料消耗,在内燃机中例如使用带传动的起动发电机。这种新的技术优选与带有直接喷油器的汽油发动机或者柴油发动机结合使用。由于具有这种发动机的传动机构动力不利,容易希望能够使用具有发电机飞轮带盘(OAP,Overrunning Alternator Pulley)。在此,应该使用发电机飞轮的已证明的工作方式。
这种与带盘组合的飞轮例如在出版物DE19511188A1中公知。这种飞轮将牵引工具传动机构的由曲轴生成的转矩传递到附加装置的主动轴上。飞轮带盘减小了由曲轴引起的不平衡性,其方式是飞轮带盘部分“滑动(durchrutscht)”。这种特性在将起动器用作附加装置的情况下是不希望的。当出现转矩相反地从附加装置传递到曲轴上时,这就这方面而言为特别的附加装置。因此,需要在起动阶段将发电机抗扭转地与带盘相连。
另一方面,在起动阶段之后对发电机的最佳的运转必需的是为其提供尽可能稳定的驱动,这可以通过飞轮来实现。DE4434324中所介绍的解决方案,使用静液压的离合器以便将附加装置耦合进驱动单元中,因为在起动阶段液压的压力并非一定必需占支配地位。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是能够通过发电机实现内燃机的起动。为此,在电极-空程-带盘中集成有起动机构,该起动机构在起动过程之后根据转速自动地将起动功能与带盘分离。
根据本发明,根据权利要求1的特征部分以这样的方式来解决该任务,即在带盘与轮毂之间设置有飞轮式离合器,该离合器具有包围轮毂的且固定在其上的内环以及以径向间隙包围内环的、固定在带盘上的外环。在此,在内环中设置有至少一个与离心力相关地操作的锁定元件而在外环中设置有至少一个锁定容纳器。
在确定的极限转速内,即在停止状态中以及在低转速的情况下,锁定元件啮合进锁定容纳器中。由此,锁定带盘和与发电机的主动轴相连的轮毂,使得可以利用附加装置、作为起动器的发电机。在起动期间,转矩由附加装置的输入轴导入内环并且通过形状配合的锁定传递到外环并且因此通过带盘传递到与曲轴相连的带上。因此可以起动内燃机。
本发明的本质的优点是将锁定元件设置在内环上。在内燃机停止的情况下,在不再转动的外环中和在通过跟随的主动轴而转动的内环中的锁定元件保持在其位置中,直到内环的转速低于预先确定的极限转速。因此,内环与外环之间的速度差如此小,使得锁定元件可以可靠且迅速地锁定。相反,在将锁定元件设置在外环的情况下,如内环非常迅速地转动一样长地停止锁定。一方面这可以通过不希望的、快速相互跟随的啪嗒噪声来观察,另一方面该过程损害了材料。
特别有利的是,多个锁定容纳器构造在外环上。由此,在内环和外环之间所需的扭转角保持得尽可能小。如果多个锁定元件位于内环上,则特别合乎目的的是外环上的齿部构造为锁定容纳器,其中它们的齿数为锁定元件数量的整数倍。由此,所有锁定元件可以同时锁定,这减小了负载并且进一步缩短了锁定的时间。
根据本发明的装置的使用范围并不限于起动发电机。更准确地说,在设置有根据现有技术的用于衰减扭转振动的装置的各个领域中该装置可以插入传动链中。
总之,得到根据本发明的装置在达到极限转述时可靠地耦合起动发电机的起动器并且同时使发出噪声和材料磨损最小地分离。
附图说明
以下,参照特别有利的实施例更详细地阐述本发明并且表示在所属附图中。其中:
图1示出了根据现有技术的用于衰减扭转振动的装置的纵截面,
图2示出了根据本发明的用于衰减扭转振动的装置的纵截面,
图3a示出了在内燃机的起动过程前沿着III-III剖面线的根据本发明的装置的横截面,
图3b示出了在内燃机的起动过程后沿着III-III剖面线的根据本发明的装置的横截面,
图4示出了在内燃机的起动过程前的另一根据本发明的装置的横截面。
具体实施方式
图1中所示出的已公知的用于衰减扭转振动的装置包围未示出的附加装置的主动轴1。主动轴1通过带盘2和未详细示出的牵引工具由输出盘驱动,该输出盘与内燃机的曲轴相连。带盘2在其内部具有衬板环3。由飞轮式离合器5和两个圆柱滚子轴承6、7构成的结构单元插在所述环的孔4中。在此,为该结构单元设置有共同的轴承外环8和共同的轴承内环9。轴承内环9具有多个分散地设置在圆周上的未更详细地表示的夹紧斜面,该夹紧斜面与相应数量的夹紧滚子10共同作用。在此,夹紧滚子在保持架11中导向并且借助未更详细表示的弹簧逆着夹紧斜面预拉伸。轴承外环8基本上套管状地构造并且在其整个长度上内径保持不变,其中轴承内环形成用于圆柱滚子轴承6和7以及夹紧滚子10的导轨。
轴承内环9在其背离附加装置的端部上设置有径向向外的挡边12,该挡边从正面支撑在起动盘13上,该起动盘固定在衬板环3中。轴承内环9在其另外的轴向端部上具有肩部14,例如该肩部构造为齿状并且啮合在单个的纵槽15中,这些纵槽又是轮毂16的组成部分。轴承外环8在其一端部上具有第一挡边17,第一挡边被轴承内环9的挡边12反握。设置在其朝着附加装置的端部上的轴承外环8的第二挡边18反握圆柱滚子轴承7的保持架19。邻近第二挡边18设置有径向密封环20,该径向密封环插入带盘2中并且与轴承内环9一起形成滑动的密封。为了将轮廓固定在主动轴1上,轮毂16具有内螺纹21,其中为了安装工具的作用在轮毂16与内螺纹21间隔的内部中设置有构造为锯齿的密齿轮廓22。带盘2在其背离附加装置的端部上借助盖23来关闭,该盖具有轴向突出的边24。该边锁在带盘2的圆周上。
基本上如图1中所示的装置一样地构建图2、3a和3b中示出的根据本发明的装置。然而,它们的不同在于,它们的带盘25和轮毂26之间除由飞轮式离合器27与轴承外环28、轴承内环29、夹紧滚子30和滚动轴承31和32一起构成的结构单元之外还设置有离心离合器33。离心离合器由带有锁紧元件36和带有锁紧元件37的外环35构成。
内环34碰到从正端部出来的轮毂26并且与其固定地相连。内环包含多个从其外表面出来的凹槽38,锁定元件36在圆周方向上设置到凹槽中。特别合乎目的的是,凹槽38均匀间隔地设置在内环34上。外环35以径向间隙同心地包围内环34。外环插在从正面出来的带盘25的环形同心的凹部中并且固定在带盘25上。
锁定元件36构造为棘轮39。在此,这样地构造棘轮的支承结构,使得在内环34转动时棘轮的其中一个端部径向向外偏转而另一外端部径向向内偏转。对此,允许质量重心与轴心不一致。在由均匀的材料构成的棘轮对称成形的情况下,通过棘轮39的不对称偏转可以相互一致。由此,棘轮具有短的杠杆40和长的杠杆41,其中弹簧元件42径向向外作用到短的杠杆40上。为了增强离心力,将附加质量43固定在长的杠杆41上。
在装置静止的状态(图3a)中,由于弹簧力,长的杠杆41径向向内可能最宽地进入凹槽38。同时,通过弹簧元件42将向外的力施加到短的杠杆40上,使得短的杠杆40位于为其设置的锁定容纳器37中。锁定容纳器37可以特别简单地实现为齿45。如果这些齿45均匀地分布在外环35的圆周上并且齿的数量为锁定元件37的数量的整数倍,则所有锁定元件37可以同时啮合进些齿45中。由此可以传递更大的力。
根据本发明的装置如下地工作:在内燃机起动期间,主动轴的转矩通过轮毂26传导进设置有棘轮39的内环34中。起动矩借助棘轮39传递到形状配合地设置在带盘25中的外环35上。内燃机通过包围带盘25的牵引工具来起动。
现在,如果内环以低于极限转速转动,则作用到长的杠杆41上的离心力高于作用到短的杠杆40上的离心力。即,离心力反抗弹簧力。弹簧元件42的弹性系数这样获得,使得由弹簧施加到棘轮39的力与极限转速的情况下的离心力平衡。如果转速继续升高,则离心力与弹簧力过平衡,并且棘轮的长的端部41向外移动,而短的端部40径向向内移动。由此进行离心力离合器33的去连锁(图3b),内环34从外实现与外环34啮合。因此,空程带盘25与发电机主体分离并且可以实现其正常的功能。
在此,可以这样地选择极限转速,使得其略微低于机的空转转速。这保证了在正常工作中离心力离合器33始终去连锁。在内燃机关机之后,曲轴并且由此外环35的转速迅速下降。内环34的转速随着棘轮39缓慢下降。如果该转速最后低于极限转速,则接着突然出现与外环35的重新锁定。
为了使调整棘轮39的质量,短的杠杆40和长的杠杆41和弹簧元件42的长度变得容易,可以设置两个附加措施。另一方面,在长的杠杆41上设置有附加质量43,该附加质量提高了离心力的作用。在此,材料和附加质量43的形状可以任意地与实际情况相配合。另一方面,长的杠杆41和短的杠杆40在不同的转速情况下所占据的位置可以通过突出物44(图3a和4)来限制。这保证了,特别是在高转速的情况下长的杠杆41不会向外移动这么远,使得其与外环35处于接触并且由此造成噪声和磨损。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在传动链中衰减扭转振动的装置,特别是用于在活塞式内燃机的附加装置的活塞式内燃机的牵引工具驱动中的装置,所述装置设置有在带盘(25)与转子的轮毂(26)之间的飞轮式离合器(27),其中所述轮毂(26)与附加装置的主动轴(1)相连而带盘(25)通过牵引工具与曲轴相连,并且其中所述飞轮式离合器(27)具有包围所述轮毂(26)且固定在轮毂上的内环(34)和以径向间隙包围所述内环(34)的且固定在所述带盘(25)上的外环(35),其特征在于,在所述内环(34)中设置有至少一个与离心力相关地操作的锁定元件(36)和在所述外环(35)中设置有至少一个锁定容纳器(37)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述锁定容纳器(37)和所述锁定元件(36)在圆周方向上连续地均匀地设置在所述外环(35)上或者设置在所述内环(34)上
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,在静止状态中,所有锁定元件(36)设置在锁定容纳器(37)中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述用于衰减扭转振动的装置设置在起动发电机传动机构上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多定元件(36)构造为棘轮(39),所述棘轮分别通过其支承装置具有短的杠杆(40)和长的杠杆(41),其中在内环(34)与短的杠杆(40)之间设置有沿外环(35)的方向作用的弹簧元件(42)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述棘轮(39)在其更长的杠杆(41)中具有附加质量(43)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述长的杠杆(41)的侧上,限制杠杆移动的突出物(44)径向向外地设置在内环(34)上。
8.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述短的杠杆(41)的侧上,限制短的杠杆移动的突出物(44)径向向内地设置在内环(34)上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述锁定容纳器(37)构造为均匀设置在外环的圆周上的齿(45)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述齿(45)的数量是锁定元件数量的整数倍。
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