CN1008957B - 带有触头损耗指示器的电路断路器的固体电路跳闸装置 - Google Patents
带有触头损耗指示器的电路断路器的固体电路跳闸装置Info
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Abstract
电路断路器的数字式固体电路跳闸装置,它装有能指示出这些触头损耗程度的电气触头损耗指示器。每执行一次断路器断开,微处理机确定出一个触头损耗值。该损耗值随着被断电流的最大值而变化。与被断电流相应的该损耗值存入ROM存储器中,而逐次损耗值在NOVRAM存储器中相加,它的含量代表触头损耗的程度。这些含量可以显示出来,指示出用户必需检测的触头状况。
Description
本发明涉及带有可分离触头的电路断路器用的一种数字式固体电路跳闸装置。
电路断路器的工作满意程度取决于触头的损耗情况,不良的触头会因焦耳效应造成过热并损坏断路器。断路器通常包括一个绝缘外壳,特别是模铸外壳,它使断路器更具可靠性,但此外壳妨碍了用户对电路断路器的触头情况经常进行目测检查。在大容量低压敞开式断路器中,经常要进行这种检查,这是为了及时拆卸和更换已损耗触头。重要的是及时检测出触头损耗情况以避免整个开关设备的破坏,另外,这种检查要容易进行,特别是要避免拆卸各部件。
断路器一般装有一个计数器来指示操作次数,从而指示出装置的机械损坏程度,但是,当断开一次短路故障引起的触头磨损比简单地断开额定值电流造成的磨损更厉害时,就无法由这种指示方法知道触头的损耗情况。
从而,提出通过考虑被断电流值来检查开关装置的情况。
在一种流行的装置中,与开关装置触头锁连着的一个机械式触点送出一个让存储器“读”的信号,该存储器的数据输入端与一个电流测量装置相连,存储器的输出提供出一个与“读”时测得的电流值相当的损耗值,把存储器中读得的多次损耗值加起来,就提供出一个代表触头损耗度的值。假如此类装置和断路器联合使用,则在跳闸指令发往断路器的瞬时与触头打开瞬时之间可能有不可忽略的时滞,显然,
这时存储器在“读”时测到的电流值与峰值电流值并不相当。
此外,已知一种装置,该装置根据断开期间的电流值i和断开次数n由微处理机(以下简称微机)按积分式i·n·dt计算出代表触头损耗程度的数值,并在此值大于预置阈值时使断路器跳闸。
本发明的目的是:考虑到断路期间的最大电流值,在不拆开断路器的情况下指示出断路器的触头损耗程度。
本发明的跳闸装置包括:
一个产生模拟信号的检测电路,该模拟信号与断路器所保护的导体内流过的电流值成正比;
一个模/数转换器,它有一个接收所述模拟信号的输入端和发送相应取样数字信号的输出端;
一个以微机为基础的数字处理单元,数字信号加于该单元以执行长延迟跳闸功能、和/或短延迟跳闸功能,并且当超过了预置的阈值时,该单元就产生一个断路器跳闸指令,所述指令是根据信号值而延迟的时间,该数字处理单元包括:检测断路器每执行一次断路时被断电流最大值的检测器、根据所述的最大电流值和由于断开所述电流所产生的触头损耗情况,在每次断路时产生出一个损耗值的装置、用于作相加操作和把所述损耗值存于存储器内的装置、以及把所述存储器中所存的损耗值显示出来的显示装置,该显示装置提供了所述触头损耗程度的指示器;
由上述跳闸指令激励的断路跳闸装置。
在固体电路跳闸装置的情况下,跳闸装置取出每次断路时被断电流的峰值是方便的。此时,损耗指示特别简单。微机可对照内存于存储器中的一条损耗曲线得出相应的触头损耗值。为了弄清楚触头的总的状况,只须把这些损耗值加起来。触头状况可持久地或最好按要求
显示,也可在远距离点显示出来。当损耗程度超过了预置阈值,微机本身便利地检测出逾越了预置阈值时,通过断路器的跳闸,警告或自保护装置就可动作。除了被断峰值电流以外的其他因素,诸如:触头材料的质量;触头分离速度和电弧的移走速度都对触头损耗有影响,因此损耗指示并非绝对准确的测量。然而尽管如此,该准确度还是足以能置定一个中意的阈值,低于该阈值时,触头决不会损耗掉,当达到该阈值时,就要求检查了,例如目测检查,并且用户可决定是更换已磨损的触头,还是在触头只是局部磨损时,把阈值提高到与触头状况有关的某个值而继续使用该断路器。阈值的评价要有一定的经验,当然还需要更仔细的不断的监视。
本发明的损耗指示器有采用数字式固体电路跳闸装置部件的优点,微机容量足以处理这种附加的功能。当跳闸装置是定做的,特别是当设置跳闸装置的其他值和阈值时,取决于断路器类型的损耗曲线可容易地被存入存储器内。损耗曲线是与被断的最大电流有关的函数,并且由于允许随意的变化,微机处理是相当简单的,该近似法与所要求的准确度是完全一致的。
在一个最佳实例中,损耗曲线是一条阶梯形曲线,该曲线能把单独现象全部考虑进去且使曲线容易变更。
对仅作为非约束性的、由附图表示的本发明的一个实施方案作以下的描述,本发明的其它优点和特色就更明显了。其中:
图1是本发明的跳闸装置的方框图;
图2是可能的操作次数N随被断电流密度I的变化曲线;
图3是保养功能操作流程图。
在图1中,带有给负载(未示出)馈电的三根导线R、S、T的配电系统包括一个能断开电路使之处于开路位置的断路器10。断路
器10的操作机构12受一个极化继电器14控制,若发生过载或短路时,极化继电器就使断路器跳闸。一个与断路器10的主触头锁连动作的辅助触点16指示出这些主触头的位置。每根导线R、S、T都有一个与其相偶连的变流器18,该变流器发送一个与相偶连导线中流过的电流成正比的信号,该信号加到一个全波整流电桥20上。三个整流电桥20的输出端相串联地连在一个包括电阻22,齐纳二极管24和二极管26的电路中,从而在电阻22的两端提供一个与导线R、S、T流过的电流最大值成正比的电压信号,并在二极管24的两端提供一个馈给电子线路的电压。电压信号加到放大器28的输入端,其输出端连往一个模/数转换器30,模/数转换器30的输出连往微机32的输入/输出端1。除了与极化继电器相连的输出端2外,微机32还包含有:输入端3,接收来自时钟34的信号;输入端4,连往键盘36;输入端6,连往ROM只读存储器38;输入/输出端5,连往NOVRAM非易失随机存取存储器40;输出端7,连往显示装置42;以及输入端8,连往辅助触点16。
图1的跳闸装置执行保护功能,在过载时和当导线R、S、T电路中发生故障时,分别完成长延时跳闸和/或短延时跳闸。详细叙述该保护功能是无意义的,在美国专利申请827,438(优先权为1985年2月25日的法国专利申请№8,503,159)中该保护功能已有陈述。代表导线R、S、T中电流最大值的数字信号加于微机32的输入端1,并与内存于存储器中的阈值相比较以检测出这些阈值是否被超过,从而产生一个延时或瞬时跳闸指令,该指令输往极化继电器14,引起断路器10断开。当然跳闸装置可以执行其他的功能,特别是接地保护或瞬时跳闸。
本发明可用在任何类型以微机为基础的固体电路跳闸装置中,同
时也决不受限于下文所述的此类跳闸装置。作为一个非限制性的例子,电流检测装置可以由提供代表电流微分di/dt模拟信号的电流传感器来组成。传感器的输出连到积分电路,积分电路的输出信号通过模/数转换器输往微机。
按本发明,跳闸装置执行保养功能是通过产生和显示代表触头损耗度的值来进行的。计算和试验表明,每次断路器断开,触头就有损耗,被断电流值愈高,损耗就愈大。作为一个例子,图2所示曲线表明随被断电流最大值而变的断路器可断开的次数N。很自然,该曲线仅适用于某种类型的断路器,还可看出,断开的电流大于64000安培,只要两次断开,触头就全部损坏。反之,若被断电流很小,例如在250-500安培之间,则在4000次断开操作后,触头才发生损坏。考虑到图2用的是对数刻度,可以看出曲线代表一指数函数曲线,符合关系式
,K2和K1是断路器类型所表征的常数。此曲线自然是一条连续曲线,但用图2的阶梯形式表示法,微机处理就容易。假如一个给定坪值(相当于曲线的平直部份)对应的电流值是其紧邻的后一坪值对应的电流值的两倍(正如图2所示曲线那样),则微机处理就更容易了。加之,利用实验画出的阶梯形曲线,就能容易地对某一电流值可能发生的全部异常现象加以考虑。因此,假如需要的话,可容易地在给定点处变更对应表,并使曲线适合于不同类型的开关设备。每断开一次断路器,相应有一定的触头损耗,该损耗值与被断电流最大值有关。把每次断路器断开对应的损耗值(例如用值100/N来表示)加在一起,在当损耗值达到数100时,则整个触头就损坏了。为了了解触头的状况,每次断路器断开,仅须测量被断电流最大值,再用图2所示的函数来定出相应的触头损耗值。在微机产生跳闸指令到受断路器监视的线路有效地断开的这段时间内,微机
通过比较加于其上的逐次电流值,就确定出哪个值是电流达到的最大值。通过简单地把这些损耗值相加在一起,就可随时知道因执行操作造成的触头损耗程度。上述数字式固体电路跳闸装置的微机32特别适于执行此类功能,因为在此类固体电路跳闸装置中,通常来说,微机容量是绰绰有余的。另外,最好把发生断开动作时电流达到的最大值显示出来,从而把发生跳闸时达到的峰值指示提供给用户。被断电流最大值I与损耗值100/N间的对应关系编入与微机32输入端6相连的ROM存储器38中。逐次的电流坪值间比值均为2∶1时,对应关系表可以简化,只须把逐次的损耗值存入ROM存储器38中。把逐次的损耗值加起来,并存入NOVRAM存储器40中,当按下键盘36上的保养钮44时,该存储值可在显示器上显示出来。
图3所示的流程图说明了本发明的保养功能。在断路器自动跳闸情况下,微机产生的跳闸指令去触发一个包含测量被断电流最大值I的子程序,此值是在微机的输入端1处由模/数转换器30提供的。假如由人工切断或搬动手柄或肘节来使断路器断开,则辅助触点16合上并送信号至微机32输入端8上。这种断路器断开信号也能触发“测量被断电流最大值”子程序。自然,当微机自动命令跳闸时,辅助触点16也会送信号至输入端8,但在这种情况下,一旦跳闸指令发出,开始测量被断电流最大值的微机不会理会这个信号。事实上,由微机发出跳闸指令至断开的最大持续时间是已知的,“测量被断电流最大值”子程序考虑了在相当于此最大持续时间的预置时间内,加于微机的所有的电流值(在自动断开情况下,最大持续时间是从发出跳闸指令时算起;在人工断开情况下,最大持续时间是从微机在其输入端8上接收到信号时算起)。
微机32从ROM存储器38中获得与最大I值相应的损耗值,并
把此损耗值和NOVRAM存储器40的内容相加。断路器10每次断路,就执行此程序,并且,相应的损耗值在NOVRAM存储器40中相加。按下键盘36上的按钮44,NOVRAM存储器40的内容就显示出来。按钮44触发“请求NOVRAM存储器40的内容”及“把这些内容显示于显示设备42上”的一个周期。显示当然可以是持久的,但是这样的显示没有什么意义,检查只是周期性地执行,特别是在跳闸和严重的短路电流断开以后。只要显示的损耗值小于给定的阈值(如上述例子中,取阈值为100),就可向用户保证断路器在满意地工作,触头没被完全损耗。一旦达到了阈值就必须检查触头的状况,检查可以由用户本身或由维修专业人员用目测来检查触头或用任何别的工具来进行,他们可以获得触头损耗的证实,或者查明达到的损耗程度还不影响断路器的满意工作。此种误差来自影响触头损耗的外部条件,此外部条件利用微机是很难计算的。更彻底地研究触头损耗的因素可使该误差减少但却损害了装置的简易性。本发明的损耗指示器的主要意义是使用户摆脱要在相当长的周期内全部监视而结束又不准确的约束。只须在该周期未尾做检查,并且,假如用户决定更换触头,那未他就要在必作另一次检查之前安排有同样持续期的另一个周期。显示设备42基本上可具有与其相联的或合并于其中的一个报警装置,以指示出已达到预置的阈值,从而通知用户必须做检查了。报警信号也可使断路器10断开,并带有断开原因的一种可能的指示。
被断电流和触头损耗之间的相关值当然取决于断路器的型式,可以把这些不同的数值存在不同的ROM存储器38中,当跳闸装置安装在相应的断路器上时,适当的存储器就和跳闸装置结合使用。微机32编程时可以把这些数值打入。人工操作断路器10断开时,额定电流会使触头损耗减少,在一种简单的设备中,这种损耗不必考虑。辅
助触点16此时可以省掉,微机32具有可利用的断路器10跳闸信息,微机本身把跳闸信息传送到极化继电器14。触头损耗值和被断电流之间的关系也可通过供给微机32的一个数学关系式来解释,微机因此能直接算出损耗值。很显然,假如用任何适宜的设备把被断电流最大值直接提供给微机32,或者假如产生代表流过导线B、S、T的电流值的信号的电路属于不同类型的话,该断路器也是离不开本发明的范围的。假如单板机的处理能力无效的话,也可用不同的微机来处理事故跳闸功能和保养功能。
Claims (6)
1、一种带可分离式触头的电路断路器用的数字式固体电路跳闸装置,包括:
产生模拟信号的检测电路(18、20),该模拟信号与断路器所保护的导线中流过的电流成正比;
模/数转换器(30),具有一个接收上述模拟信号的输入端和一个发送相应的取样数字信号的输出端;
以微机为基础的数字处理单元(32),数字信号被加于其上以执行一个长延迟跳闸功能(LR)和/或一个短延迟跳闸功能(CR),该数据处理单元在预置阈值被超过时产生一个断路器跳闸指令,所述指令是根据信号值而延迟的时间;
由所述跳闸指令激励的断路器跳闸装置(12、14);
其特征在于:所述数字处理单元包括:
检测断路器每执行一次断路时被断电流最大值的检测装置,所述装置在产生断路器跳闸指令及触头有效断开的这段时间内对逐次加于微机上的所述数字信号值进行比较,从而检测出被断电流的最大值;
在每次断路时,产生由于断开所述电流而导致的损耗值的装置,该损耗值为所述最大电流值的预定函数並表示触头损耗情况;
将所述损耗值相加並存储于存储器(40)内的装置;以及
显示所述存储器中所存的损耗值以提供对上述触头损耗程度的指示的显示装置(42)。
2、按照权利要求1的固体电路跳闸装置,其特征在于:所述预定函数为一阶梯形曲线,此曲线的X轴为所述最大电流值、Y轴为表示损耗值的量。
3、按照权利要求1的固体电路跳闸装置,其特征在于:所述产生损耗值的装置以及相加及存储装置包括在微机(32)之中,微机含有一个NOVRAM非易失随机存取存储器,断路器每执行一次断开,NOVRAM存储器增存一次所述相应的损耗值。
4、按照权利要求3的固体电路跳闸装置,其特征在于:包括一个断路器触头断开检测器(16),在人工断开断路器的情况下,该检测器使微机中断,在此期间产生出相应的损耗值,並把相应的损耗值在NOVRAM存储器(40)中相加。
5、按照权利要求3的固体电路跳闸装置,其特征在于:包括一个所述微机的请求命令按钮(44),用于请求和显示出存储在NOVRAM存储器(40)中的损耗值。
6、按照权利要求3的固体电路跳闸装置,其特征在于:包括一个当所存的损耗值超过预置阈值时动作起来的指示和/或报警装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8611612A FR2602610B1 (fr) | 1986-08-08 | 1986-08-08 | Declencheur statique d'un disjoncteur electrique a indicateur d'usure des contacts |
FR8611612 | 1986-08-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN87105402A CN87105402A (zh) | 1988-02-17 |
CN1008957B true CN1008957B (zh) | 1990-07-25 |
Family
ID=9338220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN87105402A Expired CN1008957B (zh) | 1986-08-08 | 1987-08-07 | 带有触头损耗指示器的电路断路器的固体电路跳闸装置 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4780786A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0258090B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2735549B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1008957B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE74238T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1287392C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3777726D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2030749T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2602610B1 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN169848B (zh) |
SG (1) | SG134292G (zh) |
YU (1) | YU46905B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA875742B (zh) |
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1986
- 1986-08-08 FR FR8611612A patent/FR2602610B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-07-20 EP EP87401714A patent/EP0258090B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-20 ES ES198787401714T patent/ES2030749T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-20 DE DE8787401714T patent/DE3777726D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-20 AT AT87401714T patent/ATE74238T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-24 IN IN531/MAS/87A patent/IN169848B/en unknown
- 1987-07-24 US US07/077,420 patent/US4780786A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-30 CA CA000543373A patent/CA1287392C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-04 ZA ZA875742A patent/ZA875742B/xx unknown
- 1987-08-06 YU YU148287A patent/YU46905B/sh unknown
- 1987-08-07 CN CN87105402A patent/CN1008957B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-08-07 JP JP62196542A patent/JP2735549B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-12-30 SG SG1342/92A patent/SG134292G/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0258090A1 (fr) | 1988-03-02 |
YU148287A (en) | 1989-12-31 |
JPS63121422A (ja) | 1988-05-25 |
YU46905B (sh) | 1994-06-24 |
DE3777726D1 (de) | 1992-04-30 |
JP2735549B2 (ja) | 1998-04-02 |
FR2602610B1 (fr) | 1994-05-20 |
SG134292G (en) | 1993-03-12 |
ES2030749T3 (es) | 1992-11-16 |
FR2602610A1 (fr) | 1988-02-12 |
ATE74238T1 (de) | 1992-04-15 |
IN169848B (zh) | 1991-12-28 |
US4780786A (en) | 1988-10-25 |
CA1287392C (en) | 1991-08-06 |
EP0258090B1 (fr) | 1992-03-25 |
CN87105402A (zh) | 1988-02-17 |
ZA875742B (en) | 1988-03-30 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: PATENTEE; FROM: SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SA TO: SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. |
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CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Patentee after: Schneider Electric SA Patentee before: Schneider Electric SA |
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C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
OR01 | Other related matters | ||
C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |