CN1008163B - 汽车传动系中全轮防滑锁止系统 - Google Patents

汽车传动系中全轮防滑锁止系统

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Publication number
CN1008163B
CN1008163B CN86108617A CN86108617A CN1008163B CN 1008163 B CN1008163 B CN 1008163B CN 86108617 A CN86108617 A CN 86108617A CN 86108617 A CN86108617 A CN 86108617A CN 1008163 B CN1008163 B CN 1008163B
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locking system
lock locking
transmission shaft
planetary gear
antiskid lock
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CN86108617A
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CN86108617A (zh
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赫尔曼·皮特舒
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication of CN86108617A publication Critical patent/CN86108617A/zh
Publication of CN1008163B publication Critical patent/CN1008163B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H2048/104—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears characterised by two ring gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车的前后桥传动系中的全轮防滑锁止系统，由一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮装置和一个跟其行星齿轮架接合的制动装置组成。该行星卤轮装置由一个连接在传动轴上一起转动的输入空心轮、一个与之靠近并同轴装设的跟另一传动轴连接在一起转动的齿数略少的输出空心轮，以及跟两个空心轮同时啮合的装设在行星齿轮架上并随之运转的多个行星齿轮构成。

Description

本发明涉及一种汽车的前桥-后桥传动系中的全轮防滑锁止系统，它装有一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮装置和一个接合在其行星齿轮架上的制动装置，这里直通推动的齿轮传动比稍许偏离1∶1，但对制动装置的齿轮传动比则显著地高出。
这样一种防滑锁止系统描述在德国专利PS    35    07    490中。其所用的行星齿轮装置是由一个跟传动轴连接的输入太阳齿轮、一个与之靠近并同轴装设的跟从动传动轴连接的齿数略少的输出太阳齿轮、以及同时跟两个太阳齿轮啮合并装设在行星齿轮架上的行星齿轮组成。在行星齿轮架上装有支承轴栓，在该轴栓上装有作为制动构件的制动块，在行星齿轮架转动时该制动构件起离心配重作用，并且以其制动面靠在用作反向制动构件的固定的制动鼓上。由于输出太阳齿轮比输入太阳齿轮少一个或两个齿，所以具有例如16∶1的对太阳齿轮的齿轮传动比的行星齿轮架即使在前桥跟后桥同步运转时也不停地转动，使防滑锁止系统持续地产生一个-即使是很小的-功率损耗。例如，如果输入太阳齿轮的齿数Z＝32、输出太阳齿轮的齿轮Z＝30，行星齿轮架对太阳齿轮的齿轮传动比为16∶1。防滑锁止系统的最小结构尺寸由太阳齿轮所要求的外径来决定，这个外径要能放置32个具有足够的轮齿强度的齿。
本发明的任务在于发展一种这样的防滑锁止系统，在同样的强度下所需的结构空间较小。
为了解决这项任务，该行星齿轮装置由一个跟一根传动轴连接在一 起转动的输入空心轮、一个与之靠近并同轴装设的跟另一传动轴连接在一起转动的齿数差别很小的输出空心轮、以及跟两个空心轮同时啮合的装设在行星齿轮架上并随之转动的行星齿轮来组成。这里采用了两个相互靠近设置的、齿数差别很小的空心轮来代替两个太阳齿轮，行星齿轮架的行星齿数跟这两个空心轮啮合，制动装置接合在行星齿轮上。如果空心轮的齿轮节圆必须跟太阳齿轮的齿轮节圆完全一样大小，那么这种防滑锁止系统的径向伸展由于行星齿轮是从空心轮的齿轮节圆径向朝里设置而将是显著地减小。由于行星齿轮架的齿轮系的直径变小。旋转质量就变小，使防滑锁止系统获得改善的响应特性，而且齿轮系中的不平衡不会起反面作用。
制动装置由一个跟行星齿轮架连接在一起转动的制动构件和一个与其共同起作用的、跟一根通向后桥的传动轴连接在一起转动的反向制动构件组成。当传动系的前后桥同步运转时，整个防滑锁止系统随着同步运转，此时行星齿轮架没有相对转动，因此在这情况下不会产生制动力矩与功率损耗。在前桥和后桥转速不同时才会产生起制动作用的防滑锁止力矩，因为只有在这个时候制动构件与反向制动构件才产生相对转动。因此锥齿轮传动对前桥与后桥的传动比可以设计成一样。
本发明的一个实施例示出在附图中并将在下面阐明。
图1是一种汽车的全轮传动系统图。
图2是全轮防滑锁止系统的纵向剖视图。
图3是沿图2的线Ⅲ-Ⅲ取的横向剖视图。
靠近汽车前桥1设置的驱动发动机2通过一个装在其上的变速器3、通过一个锥齿轮4和一个从动锥齿轮5来驱动前桥1。有一根传动轴6从锥齿轮4通向一个通过齿槽连接装置7固定在传动轴6上的、行星齿轮装置的设有内齿啮合的输入空心轮8上。
靠近着输入空心轮8同轴地设置有一个压入在一个密封地包围着防 滑锁止系统的壳体11的外壳10的一个接合面里的输出空心轮9。在壳体11的右端面12外面装有一个通过一个锥齿轮14和一个从动锥齿轮15驱动汽车后桥16的传动轴13。传动轴6跟传动轴13同轴地从壳体11的左端面17穿入并支承在在壳体11的左端面17和右端面12的轴承18与19内。
三个行星齿轮20跟输入空心轮8与输出空心轮9同时啮合，这些行星齿轮对称地设置在空心轮8、9的圆周上。这些行星齿轮支承在压入U形行星齿轮架22内的支承轴栓21上。行星齿轮架通过轴承23与24支承在传动轴6上。在行星齿轮架22上形成有一个设计成叶轮状半壳的制动构件25，构成一个液力联轴节的一个半部。第二个叶轮状半壳则作为反向制动构件26，它跟壳体11的右侧12设计成一体并在壳体11的外壳10内定中心与固定。两个半壳共同构成一个灌满液压液体的圆环状液室27，在两个半壳相对转动时，由液体的切力转化为相应的制动力矩。
输入空心轮8的齿数Z＝54，输出空心轮9的齿数Z＝51，因此直通传动比为54∶51。输入空心轮8对行星齿轮架22的齿轮传动比为18∶1。如果前桥1与后桥16之间发生转速差，传动轴6与传动轴13之间发生同样大小的转速差，则行星齿轮架22以18倍这个转速差的转速来转动。由于制动构件对反向制动构件的相对转动，形成一个对应于该转速差的制动力矩，这制动力矩使前桥与后桥同步运转。
由于液力制动力矩是逐步增高的，转差率小时防滑力矩也保持很小。因此汽车可以很好地操纵，并且自动制动系统充分发挥作用。差转率大时，例如当前桥1的车轮在冰上打滑、后桥13的车轮被沥青路面抓住的情况出现时，防滑锁止力矩急升，因此即使在这种极端情况下汽车也能毫无问题地起动。

Claims (9)

1、一种汽车的前轴-后轴传动系中的全轮防滑锁止系统，这系统装有一个传递直通推动的行星齿轮装置和一个接合在其行星齿轮架上的制动装置，这里直通推动的齿轮传动比稍许偏离1∶1，但对制动装置的齿轮传动比则显著地高出，达到16∶1的等级，其特征在于行星齿轮装置由一个跟传动轴(6)连接在一起转动的输入空心轮(8)、一个与之靠近并同轴装设的跟传动轴(13)连接在一起转动的齿数差别很小的输出空心轮(9)、以及跟两个空心轮(8、9)同时啮合的装设在行星齿轮架(22)上并随之运转的行星齿轮(20)组成。
2、按权利要求1的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于制动装置由一个跟行星齿轮架（22）连接在一起转动的制动构件（25）和一个与其共同起作用的、跟一根通向后轴（16）的传动轴（13）连接在一起转动的反向制动构件（26）组成。
3、按权利要求1或2的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于这防滑锁止系统被一个壳体（11）密封地包围着，该壳体（11）由一个圆筒形外壳（10）和两个平的端面（12、17）组成，在一个端面（12）的外面配设有传动轴（13）。
4、按权利要求3的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于反向制动构件（26）和输出空心轮（9）固定地设置在壳体（11）内。
5、按权利要求3的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于壳体（11）的左右端面上装有支承跟传动轴（13）同轴的中心传动轴（6）的轴承（18、19），制动构件（25）与行星齿轮架（22）支承在传动轴（6）上。
6、按权利要求2的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（25）与反向制动构件（26）共同构成一个液力联轴节。
7、按权利要求5的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（25）与反向制动构件（26）设计成包围着一个灌满油的圆环状液室（27）的叶轮状半壳。
8、按权利要求1的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（25）与反向制动构件（26）共同构成一个离心式制动器、带式制动器或盘式制动器。
9、按权利要求1的防滑锁止系统，其特征在于制动构件（25）与反向制动构件（26）共同构成一个电涡流制动器。
CN86108617A 1986-08-29 1986-12-18 汽车传动系中全轮防滑锁止系统 Expired CN1008163B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3629493 1986-08-29
DE19863629493 DE3629493A1 (de) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 Allrad sperrsystem im antriebsstrang eines kraftfahrzeugs

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CN86108617A CN86108617A (zh) 1988-03-16
CN1008163B true CN1008163B (zh) 1990-05-30

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US (1) US4757728A (zh)
EP (1) EP0257132B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS6361633A (zh)
KR (1) KR880002691A (zh)
CN (1) CN1008163B (zh)
AT (1) ATE55572T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR8701635A (zh)
DE (2) DE3629493A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2017918B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI79983C (zh)
SU (1) SU1561819A3 (zh)

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JPS6361633A (ja) 1988-03-17
DE3673525D1 (de) 1990-09-20
SU1561819A3 (ru) 1990-04-30
ES2017918B3 (es) 1991-03-16
DE3629493A1 (de) 1988-03-03
KR880002691A (ko) 1988-05-10
DE3629493C2 (zh) 1988-05-26
CN86108617A (zh) 1988-03-16
FI79983C (fi) 1990-04-10
FI864603A0 (fi) 1986-11-12
EP0257132B1 (de) 1990-08-16
US4757728A (en) 1988-07-19
BR8701635A (pt) 1988-03-22
FI864603A (fi) 1988-03-01
ATE55572T1 (de) 1990-09-15
EP0257132A1 (de) 1988-03-02
FI79983B (fi) 1989-12-29

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