CN1007503B - 汽车用的辅助雪链装置 - Google Patents

汽车用的辅助雪链装置

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Publication number
CN1007503B
CN1007503B CN86107802A CN88100314A CN1007503B CN 1007503 B CN1007503 B CN 1007503B CN 86107802 A CN86107802 A CN 86107802A CN 88100314 A CN88100314 A CN 88100314A CN 1007503 B CN1007503 B CN 1007503B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
housing
tooth bar
miniature gears
axis
chain device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN86107802A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN88100314A (zh
Inventor
克劳德·居约
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beka St Aubin SA
Swingline Inc
Original Assignee
Beka St Aubin SA
Swingline Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beka St Aubin SA, Swingline Inc filed Critical Beka St Aubin SA
Publication of CN88100314A publication Critical patent/CN88100314A/zh
Publication of CN1007503B publication Critical patent/CN1007503B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
    • B60B39/003—Vehicle mounted non-skid chains actuated by centrifugal force
    • B60B39/006—Vehicle mounted non-skid chains actuated by centrifugal force characterised by a control system for the actuation of the rotating chain wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0605—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two belts, e.g. Hazelett-process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/068—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces
    • B22D11/0685—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/28—Plates therefor
    • B22D41/34—Supporting, fixing or centering means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C5/00—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor
    • B25C5/02—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor with provision for bending the ends of the staples on to the work
    • B25C5/0285—Hand-held stapling tools, e.g. manually operated, i.e. not resting on a working surface during operation
    • B25C5/0292—Hand-held stapling tools, e.g. manually operated, i.e. not resting on a working surface during operation with the objects to be stapled together introduced perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the tool in an opening formed by an anvil and a plunger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B27K3/0292—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving fixation
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    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
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    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
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    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B41F13/08—Cylinders
    • B41F13/10—Forme cylinders
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    • B41F13/14—Registering devices with means for displacing the cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/70—Pressure relief devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
    • F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
    • F16K17/162—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs of the non reverse-buckling-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

辅助雪链装置是由双向作用千斤顶(4，5，6，7，12，13)，一个壳体(9)，一个端帽(10)和一个固定装置(11)构成。一个与活塞(12)做成整体的齿条(15)转动地驱动一个由两个轴承(23，24)支承的小齿轮(17)。在小齿轮(17)的轴(22)的带槽的端部(6)处固定有一个回转臂(2)，该臂的轴线垂直于铰链轴(18)的轴线，此轴线(18)与齿条的轴线(16)形成一个非90°的α角。

Description

本发明涉及一种汽车用的辅助雪链装置，该装置特别适用于卡车，它包括一个可以由汽车驾驶仑内的装置控制的一个齿条致动的壳体，该齿条能在壳体内的轴向位移和一个与该齿条相啮合并以其两端部支持在壳体内的小齿轮，一个回转臂固定在小齿轮的轴上并在其一端部设置一个支承着几个一定长度的链条的小轮子，该回转臂要能占据两个位置，一个是自由的位置，而另一个位置是在上述装置的作用下，小轮子对着汽车轮子的内侧壁压入的某一位置上进行啮合，然后由于小轮子的转动，一定长度的链条就由地面与轮子之间连续地通过，和一个装置用于将壳体刚性地联结在汽车下面的一个固定元件上，诸如一个吊挂元件或板簧吊架上。
由于具有这种装置，配置有该装置的驾驶者就有一种用于驱动轮的抗打滑装置，驾驶者可以很快而自动地致动这种装置特别是当道路上覆盖有冰层或雪时更需要。
在这种类型的装置方面所遇到的主要困难当中的一个方面是庞大的问题而另一方面是小轮子的定位问题，关于庞大的问题在用于每种不同用途的汽车类型中具有两重含义，即当尽可能仔细考虑该装置的壳体在汽车下面任何安置的确定和当回转臂由自由位置回转进入啮合位置或者反之，要对回转臂提供必需的空间是存在问题的。关于小轮子定位问题是基于以下事实产生的，即当已经进行啮合，上述小轮子的平面必须与车轮侧壁的平面，或者与其相关的水平面呈一定角度。
在已知的装置中，配置有小轮子的回转臂是利用一个通过单一动作 气动活塞致动的曲柄杆装置绕着一个固定在汽车上的臂铰接着。其它设计结构包括一个其回转臂的转动轴线要与小齿轮的转动轴线一致，但与齿条成直角的活塞推动齿条啮合小齿轮的组装件。在美国专利2，283，948号文件中齿条的轴线与小齿轮的轴线形成90°角。这样则该装置就包括用于导向和回转臂的铰接的复杂机构的附加装置。
这些已知的装置都是难以安装的而且不能满意地解决上面所提出的问题。此外，它们都要为了安装而进行复杂而精巧的设计，这就增加了最终成本费用。
本发明的目的包括提供一种装置以回答上面起初所陈述的总的概念，其特征在于：其回转臂完全是由小齿轮进行控制的，也就是通过与齿条相啮合的小齿轮伸出的轴进行控制的，其中上述齿条的纵向轴线和小齿轮及其轴的轴线在它们之间形成一个预定的不是90°的角度，小齿轮带有正齿或斜齿而齿条上带有与其相对应的齿，该壳体的安排是与所处在的位置有关，其轴线相对于齿条的轴线的方向无论是在水平的还是倾斜的方向都是同样好用的。
根据本发明的装置，正如在以下的详细描述中将会发现，要使小轮子的定位能够得到显著地改善必须满足某些条件，不论汽车是何种型式的，要能使装置的壳体增大其平面布置的可能性。尤其是该壳体要能水平地放置。由于这种后面的特征，根据本发明的装置的安装不再限制于像已知的装置那样仅限于卡车方面，而是可以设想在那些与地面具有较小间隔尤其是轿车这种型式的汽车上。
本发明将以举例方式结合附图进行详细地描述，其中：
图1是显示该装置安装的一个选择方案的一个总体示意图;
图2是显示用于致动和驱动回转臂的满足该装置要求的壳体的一个纵向截面示图;
图3是显示用于致动和驱动回转臂的用以安排该装置的一个替换型 的纵向截面示图;
图4是显示小轮子在啮合位置的分布图;
图5是显示小轮子在啮合位置的前面观察图解示图。
在图1中，是显示该装置按照一个选择方案安装的示意图。可以看出一个壳体1置于汽车的下面，最好是在水平方向在一个选择的靠近驱动轮32的部位，这样安置对防止打滑是最理想的，而且该壳体是通过一个未显示的装置刚性联结在汽车上，壳体1容纳有致动和驱动装置以便使配置有一个小轮子3的回转臂2可以被促使由其自由位置（其臂朝向上方）朝着其啮合位置（其臂指向下方）转移，或者相反。与此相似地该装置可以安装在靠近另一个轮子或几个轮子适合于每种情况的一个部位上。
图2和图3是显示同一个工作原理的该装置的壳体的两种型式的设计的纵向剖示图，只是其致动装置的安装布局是不同的。在图3中，凡是与图2中显示相同的元件在说明书中都以相同的标号表示，但是这些标号在图3中就不再出现了。其相似的元件同样地也标以相同的标号但要增加一撇（′）。
壳体1或1′是由包括一个缸体4，法兰5，6，7和组装机构8和与压力相连通的开口13的千斤顶构成。作为壳体1的延伸部分安装在法兰7上的有一个壳体9或9′，该壳体9上又伸出一个端帽10或10′。此端帽是固定例如通过焊接，在壳体9（或9′）的一个前板28（或28′）上的。一个用于将壳体1固定在汽车上的装置11设置在壳体9（或9′）的顶板上。此壳体9（或9′）最好是方形或矩形截面的（图2和图3）。
壳体9包括两个具有同一轴线18并分别容纳轴承23和24的轴承支座19和20。在所描述的实施例中，轴承23是青铜轴承，而轴承24是滚珠轴承。这些轴承都是用作小齿轮17的轴22的转动导向的，并通过其肩部25和26来防止轴向运动。轴22和小齿轮17最好是由整体件制成。小齿轮17 与同活塞12成一体的齿条15相啮合。一个孔27由壳体9的前板28上制成出用以使齿条15通入端帽10中。一个垫片21保证壳体9的流体密封。应当指出的是小齿轮17和轴22的公共轴线18和齿条15的纵向轴线16形成一个α角。该角度的值最好是选择为100°至140°。在一个最佳实施例中此角度值为125°。这样，在垂直于轴线18的回转臂2的轴线与水平之间所形成的角度将是（α-90°），即（125°-90°）＝35°（图2）。由于存在这种倾斜度，小齿轮的齿即可以是正齿也可以是斜齿的，而齿条的齿相对于轴线16具有一个倾斜度β，该角度是在由80°至40°的相对应的范围内。一个底板29，轴承支座20就安装在它上面，该底板与轴线18相垂直，并向着前面倾斜并与轴线16形成一个等于（α-90°）角度。相似地，轴承支座19的设计要考虑到这一特性（图2）。在图3所示改进型中，轴线16和18′形成一个α角，该角度最好是在40°至80°范围内。壳体9′的结构特点，小齿轮17′和齿条15′的尺寸大小的细节都是与在图2的基础上刚刚描述的那些结构特点呈镜面映象关系。
在一个最佳实施例中，例如用于一个卡车，该壳体（不带附属装置11）的总体尺寸是大约350×120×120毫米。直径为100毫米的缸体4是由6巴的压力P致动的，而施加于直径为200毫米的小轮子上的压力值大约为30公斤。直径为35毫米的小齿轮17的经节的选择要使其获得回转臂由自由位置回转到啮合位置或者反之所需要的扩展弧度值。
当然这些数值当将该装置打算安装在轿上使用时必须显著地减小至少要减小1/3。
图4是显示回转臂绕着轴线18进行回转，并在其端部具有配置有一定长度的链条31固定在其上的小轮子3的外观示图。图中可以看出，小轮子相对于轮子32的侧壁或者相对应的水平方向呈一个很小的倾斜角度。在水平方向和小轮子的平面之间形成的角度γ是处于0°至10°范围内，在轮子32的轮胎和被这样简化的地面之间进入一个链条31。对着汽车轮 子的轮胎支撑面的小轮子的承压点33位于地面起的高度h上，该高度与轮子的类型有关，点33要位于轮胎增强的部位上。
图5由对着轮子32施加压力的小轮子3的前面观察的图解示意图。应当指出的是点33可以位于轮子的轴线上或者在运动方向的后面稍微偏置一个距离D的一个点33′上。此距离D最好是选择在0至15毫米范围内。这样观察的小轮子的径向平面与轮子的侧壁的平面沿着一个水平线34或者一个在运动方向稍微向前倾斜的一个线35（或35′）在前面相交，在线34和35（或35′）之间形成一个0°至3°的角度δ。
该装置的工作过程如下：千斤顶是双向作用的，用于致动齿条15，它在13所示位置连结至汽车的气动管路上，以及连结在一个控制管路上，该管路可以设置在汽车的驾驶仓内。双向作用的千斤顶可由气压致动也可由液压或真空装置致动。在有的情况下为了施加于活塞12上一个要求的压力P需要设置一个减压器。图2是显示该装置的壳体，当回转臂处于自由位置的情况。在压力P的作用下，活塞12将朝着缸体4的右边进行轴向位移一直到达标号30处，该活塞的运动是携带着齿条15沿着位于齿条下面的一个支持器（未显示）进行导向与此同时，还要消除小齿轮与齿条间的齿隙并吸收残余的振动。在齿条15朝着端帽10进行位移的过程中，小齿轮17就被驱动转动，这样就施加于固定在轴22的带槽端部36上的回转臂2（图2）一个绕着轴线18的回转运动，以便使其产生一个最大为220°的圆弧摆动。根据壳体1的位置设置和方案选择，该回转臂将在壳体前面的下面或者朝着它的前面进行回转。小轮子3就这样被携带着到达与汽车轮子32相接触的所要求的点33（或33′）上。压力P被保持在活塞12上;当汽车运动时，小轮子3被驱动转动，而且一定长度的链条31就连续地在汽车轮胎和地面之间通过，这种链条就具有消除任何自旋危险的效果。相反地，当活塞12的对面一侧施加以压力P，齿条15就朝着左边（图2）运动，小齿轮将从汽车轮子32退回来， 而且一定长度的链条33将不再处于离心力作用下。则回转臂2就向上返回其自由位置（图1）。为了安全，最好是在壳体内提供一个返回构件14，该构件施加与活塞12的压力相反的力，迫使回转臂3靠紧车轮的内侧壁，从而保证在气动管路中的压力中断的情况下使回转臂返回到非啮合位置。靠近相对应的驱动轮安装的装置将以相似的状态进行工作。这两个装置将被连结在一个分配机构上以便使回转臂由自由位置向着啮合位置的运动或者反之的发生是以分步骤进行或者以交错地进行。
由于角度α不同于90°，则回转臂2和小轮子3当由自由位置向着啮合位置回转时，就运动进入一个与水平方向呈一倾斜度的平面内，甚至壳体1已经合理地安排，要考虑其轴线在一个可用的空间内放置在水平方向（或者倾斜方向上）。

Claims (8)

1、一种用于汽车特别是卡车的辅助雪链装置，该装置包括一个壳体，一个可以由汽车驾驶仓内控制的装置致动的齿条，该齿条能够在壳体内进行轴向位移，和一个与上述齿条相啮合并以其两端支持在壳体内的小齿轮，一个固定在小齿轮的轴上的回转臂并在端部设有一个支承着几个一定长度的链条的小轮子，该回转臂要能占据两个位置，一个是自由位置，另一个是当小轮子在上述装置的作用下，对着汽车轮子的内侧壁压入的某一位置上进行啮合的位置，由于小轮子的转动则一定长度的链条就会连续地在地面与轮子之间通过，和一个用于将壳体刚性地联结到一个位于汽车下面的固定元件上的装置，诸如吊挂元件或板簧吊架，其特征在于：所述回转臂(2)仅由一个小齿轮(17)也就是通过由小齿轮伸出的轴(22)进行控制的，该小齿轮与齿条(15)相啮合，而且其中在上述齿条的纵向轴线(16)和小齿轮(17)以及其轴(22)的轴线(18)之间形成一个预定的不是呈90°角度α，小齿轮具有正齿或斜齿而齿条具有相对应的齿，壳体(1)安排是与所在的位置有关的，其轴线相对于齿条的轴线(16)设置在水平方向或倾斜方向都是同样好用。
2、如权利要求1所述辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：角度α是在100°和140°之间。
3、如权利要求1所述辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：角度α是在40°和80°之间。
4、如权利要求1至3所述任何一项要求的雪链装置，其特征在于：用于致动齿条（15）的装置是双向作用的千斤顶。
5、如权利要求4所述辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：双向作用的千斤顶是由气压致动的。
6、如权利要求4所述辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：双向作用的千斤顶是由液压致动的。
7、如权利要求4所述辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：双向作用的千斤顶是由真空装置致动的。
8、如权利要求1所述的辅助雪链装置，其特征在于：一个返回构件（14）设置在壳体内，施加与活塞（12）的压力相反的力，迫使回转臂（3）靠紧车轮的内侧壁。
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