CN100565946C - 照明系统 - Google Patents

照明系统 Download PDF

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CN100565946C
CN100565946C CNB2005800325267A CN200580032526A CN100565946C CN 100565946 C CN100565946 C CN 100565946C CN B2005800325267 A CNB2005800325267 A CN B2005800325267A CN 200580032526 A CN200580032526 A CN 200580032526A CN 100565946 C CN100565946 C CN 100565946C
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optical
light
transmitting set
collimator
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CN101027794A (zh
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C·G·A·霍伦
J·P·M·安森斯
E·范利尔
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Signify Holding BV
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    • G01J3/505Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors measuring the colour produced by lighting fixtures other than screens, monitors, displays or CRTs
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    • F21V23/0457Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
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    • F21Y2113/00Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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    • G01J1/42Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J2001/4247Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for testing lamps or other light sources
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    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
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    • G01J3/51Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters
    • G01J3/513Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters having fixed filter-detector pairs
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Abstract

照明系统具有多个光发射器(R,G,B)和用于准直由光发射器所发光线的光准直器(1)。光准直器中的光传播基于朝向光准直器的光出射窗(4)的全内反射(TIR)进行。至少一个用于光学反馈的光传感器(8)位于光准直器的外面并且用于接收由光发射器所发射的、在光准直器的光出射窗处专门经反射并经光准直器的侧壁所折射的光。优选地,光传感器定位成与光发射器大致共面。优选地,光准直器的侧壁(35)具有突出部(9),用于将在光准直器的光出射窗处反射的光导向光传感器。优选地,该照明系统具有反射器(12)。优选地,该照明系统包括全息漫射器(17)。对由该照明系统发出的光的混色的精确感应得以获得。

Description

照明系统
本发明涉及照明系统,包括多个光发射器、光准直器和光传感器。
这种照明系统原本就是已知的。尤其是,它们用作(图像)显示设备的背光,例如电视接收器和监视器。这种照明系统特别适用作为非放射性显示器的背光,例如液晶显示设备,也称为LCD面板,它们用在(便携)电脑或(无绳)电话中。根据本发明的照明系统的另一种应用领域是用作用于投射影象或显示电视节目、电影、视频节目或DVD等的数字投影仪或所谓卷轴机中的照明光源。此外,这种照明系统用于普通照明目的,例如聚光灯、塑型灯、探照灯以及例如用在信号、轮廓照明或广告牌中的大面积直视光发射面板。在其他应用中,由这种照明系统发出的光被输入光导件、光纤或其他束状光学装置。
总体上,这种照明系统包括多个光发射器,例如发光二极管(LED)。LED可以是不同原色的光源,例如公知的红色(R)、绿色(G)或蓝色(B)光发射器。此外,该光发射器可例如用棕黄色、洋红色或青色作为原色。这些原色或可直接由发光二极管芯片产生,或可由磷光体照射来自发光二极管芯片的光线产生。后一种情况下,混色或白色光也可能作为原色中的一种。通常,由光发射器发出的光在透明元件中混和以获得光线的均匀分布,同时去除由照明系统所发光线与特定光发射器的相关性。此外,已知采用带传感器和一些反馈算法的控制器,从而获得高的颜色精度和/或光通量精度。
PCT专利申请WO02/01921A描述了一种带发光二极管(LED)和LED支撑元件的照明装置,许多发光的光像素设置其上。所述光像素每个都包括发射波长适合于使来自光像素的光加和混色的多个LED。控制器提供在LED支撑元件上,每个单个光像素的加和混色光的色彩温度和亮度参数借助于它可被设定。该控制器将LED电流分配到色彩温度和亮度参数并借助于所分配的LED电流控制光像素中的LED。控制装置测量至少一个光像素的发射光的色彩温度和亮度,比较光像素的色彩温度和亮度参数的所测值与预设值,根据色彩温度和亮度参数的所测值与预设值的差异来调节控制,从而来自光像素的发射光具有预设的色彩温度和亮度参数。
现有照明系统的缺点在于对于由照明系统所发射的光的混色感应不是非常精确。
本发明目的是全部或部分地消除上述不利之处。根据本发明,这一目的由一种照明系统实现,其包括:
多个光发射器,
用于准直由每个光发射器所发射光线的单个光准直器,
基于全内反射的光准直器中的光传播,
位于光准直器外部的至少一个用于光学反馈的光传感器,
该光传感器用于接收由光发射器所发射的、专门在照明系统的光出射窗处通过反射并经光准直器的侧壁所折射的光。
通过将光传感器置于光准直器外部并且通过测量由光发射器所发射的、专门经反射并经光准直器的侧壁所折射的光线,来自多个光发射器的光的颜色和/或光通量混和以高精度得到感应。由光发射器发射的直射光击中光传感器可以避免。在这种方式下,由某一光发射器发射的直射光不决定光传感器中感应到的颜色。根据本发明,对由照明系统所发射的光的混色进行精确感应的照明系统得以获得。
照明系统的出射窗或是光准直器的光出射窗或是照明系统的光出射窗,或是位于照明系统的光准直器与光出射窗之间的任何可能的另一界面。
此外,通过基于全内反射(TIR)在光准直器中进行光传播,光准直器部分中的光损失得到大量避免。由根据本发明的照明系统发射的光的分布是大致均匀的。根据照明系统的尺寸,由照明系统发射的光大致以空间性以及成角度的方式混和。此外,由照明系统发射的光被大致准直(平行)。优选地,光准直器由非气体的光学透明介电材料形成。优选地,光准直器由折射率大于或等于1.3的介电材料形成。
优选地,光传感器连接于控制器,后者响应于由光传感器接收的光线来控制光发射器的电流。如果光传感器中检测到的信号偏离与照明系统的理想光输出相应的理想信号,该控制器调节光发射器的输出以满足照明系统光输出的需要。
存在各种控制器进行操作的方式。在照明系统的优选实施例中,控制器采用时间分辨检测。这种配置使得控制器独立于环境光。优选地,控制器中的检测与光发射器的脉宽驱动同步。换句话说,控制器结合在预定频段内工作的光发射器驱动方案采用频率分辨检测。将独特的频率分配到各种原色使得色彩分辨光通量检测无需应用滤色器。这种情况下,或采用时间分辨检测或采用频率分辨检测,每种颜色(原色)的通量独立于另一种颜色(原色)进行测量。
在该照明系统的可选实施例中,至少两个传感器装有滤色器从而从照明系统发出的光的色点可被确定并被用于调节光的色点。在本实施例中,从相同颜色由光发射器发射并到达传感器的光通量部分被均匀化,从而至少带有相同滤色器的传感器感应来自各个光发射器的光的基本相同部分。在这种方式下,(每种颜色的)被检测的信号对应于由照明系统发射的全部光通量(每种颜色),独立于发射相同颜色光的光发射器之间的光通量变化。这种方法使得在光发射器的DC操作情况下色点检测均匀。作为示例,带有符合三色曲线(CIE 1931,标准观测员)的光谱响应的三个传感器可用于确定色点。可选地,带有其他光谱响应度的传感器可结合校准矩阵采用。在那些情况下,在对光的色点定位时仅有单个自由度,即色点的可能定位仅限于色彩空间中的曲线上,带有不同的适当光谱响应度的两个传感器足以确定光的色点并提供适当的反馈信号以实现(设定和维持)所需光输出特性,关于色点同样也关于总的光通量。可选地,单独的传感器用于通过提供反馈信号设定和维持光通量,导致对从驱动器到光发射器的电流的调节。
在根据本发明照明系统的另一优选实施例中,控制系统将适当的电流提供到光发射器,从而从照明系统发出的光的光学特性符合于理想的设置,该控制系统是基于来自至少一个结合有至少一个热传感器的光学传感器的输入信号。在这种方式下,关于光发射器的光发射性质的信息可源自光发射器的温度。这使得能够进行光谱未分辨通量感应的应用或带有光谱响应而非符合三色曲线的传感器(具有滤色器)的应用。通过举例,作为温度的函数的发射自LED的光的光谱移动可用于导出光的峰值波长的实际位置,而无需通过使用来自温度传感器的信号来光学检测这一点。由于该温度传感器不会直接感应光发射器的活动层的实际温度,取而代之的则是仅能在离光产生层一定距离处感应其温度,对这一差异的改正会结合在该控制系统中。
在又一优选结构中,光发射器的温度源自于预定电流下的电压,该电流是温度的函数。在这种方式下,无需独立的温度传感器并且光发射器的温度源自于提供光发射器的温度与电特性之间关系的校准曲线。这种信息与来自光学传感器的信号结合在一起,以通过反馈和/或前馈控制系统精确设定和维持照明系统的输出。
根据本发明的照明系统的优选实施例,其特征在于光传感器定位成与光发射器大致共面。这种布置简化了照明系统的设计。优选地,光传感器位于与光发射器相同的壳体中。在这种方式下,光传感器不易接收环境光。
为了刺激光传感器的光接收,该照明系统的较佳实施例特征在于光准直器的侧壁具有突出部,以将在照明系统的光出射窗处反射的光线导向光传感器。该突出部把由光发射器发射的反射光导向光传感器。优选地,该突出部在光准直器侧壁的连接处的横截面被优化到使光准直器中的混色扭曲最小化并将光线充分导向光传感器。
由照明系统发射的光线的准直还可通过提供用于准直由光发射器所发射光线的附加装置。为此,根据本发明的照明系统的优选实施例特征在于该光准直器具有反射器。该反射器进一步准直由照明系统所发射的光束。
存在各种方式来实现该反射器。在第一实施例中,该反射器包括从光准直器逐渐变宽的锥形。在另一实施例中,该反射器是多面的,用以进一步提高由照明系统发射的光束的均匀化。而在另一实施例中,反射器大致根据复合式抛物面聚光器(CPC)成形。反射器的实施例的组合也是可能的。
根据本发明的照明系统的较佳实施例特征在于该照明系统包括光成形漫射器,特别是全息漫射器。优选地,该照明系统是随机的全息漫射器。全息漫射器的主要效果是获得均匀的、空间性和成角度的颜色和光线分布。借助于全息漫射器的性质,全息漫射器的尺寸和光束成形器是如此小,以至于无任何细节投影在目标物上,因此产生空间性和/或成角度地光滑变化的均匀光束图案。全息漫射器的第二种作用是导致由照明系统发射的光束的形状发生变化。
本发明的这些及其他方面将从下述实施例变得显而易见并参考它们进行阐述。
附图中:
图1是根据本发明的照明系统第一实施例的剖视图;
图2是如图1所示照明系统实施例的透视图,并且
图3是根据本发明的照明系统的可选实施例的剖视图。
各图仅为概略图解而非按比例绘制。显然,为了清楚的目的,一些尺寸以严重夸大的形式显示。各图中相似的元件尽可能用相同的参考数字表示。
图1非常概略地显示了根据本发明的照明系统的第一实施例的剖视图。该照明系统包括多个光发射器R、G、B,例如是多个发光二极管(LED)。LED可以是不同原色的光发射器,例如在图1中的例子中是公知的红色R、绿色G、蓝色B光发射器。优选地,该光发射器包括至少一个第一原色的第一发光二极管R、至少一个第二原色的第二发光二极管G、以及至少一个第三原色的第三发光二极管B,该三种原色彼此不同。可选地,该光发射器可例如用棕黄色、洋红色或青色作为原色。这些原色或可直接由发光二极管芯片产生,或可由磷光体照射来自发光二极管芯片的光线产生。后一种情况下,混色或白色光也可能作为原色中的一种。可选地,该照明系统可具有多个仅带两种原色的光发射器,例如白色和黄色光发射器的组合。
在图1的例子中,发光二极管R、G、B安装在为LED提供电连接的基底5上并充当从光发射器向外传播和传输热量的导热体。这种基底例如可为例如金属芯印刷电路板的绝缘金属基底、具有用来连接LED的电线和适当电极图案的硅或陶瓷基底、或诸如碳纤维加强金属基底的复合材料基底。在图1的例子中,LED和光传感器安装在相同的基底上。可选地,LED和光传感器安装在不同的但是基本共面的基底上。
通常,发光二极管具有较高的光源亮度。优选地,每个LED在额定功率和室温下驱动时具有至少25毫瓦的辐射功率输出。具有这种高输出的LED也被称为LED动力组。这种高效率、高输出LED的使用具有特殊的优点,在理想的较高光输出情况下LED的数目可相对较小。这对要制造的照明系统的紧凑性和效率有着正面的影响。如果LED动力组安装在这样的(金属芯)印刷电路板5上,由LED产生的热量可通过热传导作用由PCB容易地消散。
在该照明系统的较佳实施例中,(金属芯)印刷电路板5通过热传导关系与照明系统的壳体15相接触。壳体15担当光发射器R、G、B的散热片。优选地,所谓裸电LED芯片安装在基底上,例如绝缘金属基底、硅基底、陶瓷或合成物基底。基底提供到芯片的电气连接并担当将热量传递到换热器的良好传热部。
图1所示照明系统的实施例绕纵轴25旋转对称并包括用于准直由光发射器R、G、B所发射光线的光准直器1。光准直器1中的光传播是基于朝向光准直器1的光出射窗4的全内反射(TIR)进行的。优选地,光准直器1由非气体的光学透明介电材料形成。优选地,光准直器1由折射率大于或等于1.3的介电材料形成。优选地,每个光发射器R、G、B与光准直器1光学接触,从而减少照明系统中的光损失。
如图1所示照明系统的实施例还包括位于光准直器1外部的、用于光学反馈的光传感器8。光传感器8用于接收由光发射器R、G、B发射的、专门通过在光准直器1的光出射窗4处反射的光。图1中的箭头显示了由一个光发射器发射的光束,其一部分穿过光准直器1的光出射窗4传送,一部分在光出射窗4处反射。当反射光再一次击中准直器1的(曲线)侧壁时,光准直器与空气之间界面处的一部分(菲涅耳)反射超出全内反射(TIR)之外。反射光在光准直器1的侧壁处耦合到光准直器1外面并到达光传感器8。
在图1的例子中,光传感器8位于壳体1中并且安装在印刷电路板5上。这样简化了照明系统的装配。此外,光传感器大致与光发射器R、G、B共面地设置。通过将光传感器8放在光准直器1的外部并通过测量由光发射器R、G、B发出的、专门通过反射的光,根据本发明的照明系统中的光的混色以高精度获得。由光发射器R、G、B发射的击中光传感器8的直射光得以避免。在这种方式下,由某一光发射器发射的直射光不决定光传感器8中的色彩感应。根据本发明,能进行由照明系统所发射光的精确混色感应的照明系统得以获得。
光传感器8连接于用来响应于由光传感器8接收到的光线对光发射器(R,G,B)的电流进行控制的控制器(未显示在图1中)。光传感器8或光电二极管紧挨TIR准直器1放置,以检测由LED发射的光通量。优选地,采用时间分辨检测,它与LED芯片的脉宽调制驱动同步。这在带有多种原色的照明系统情况下特别有用,使得每种原色的通量测量逐一、独立进行。
优选地,光传感器8的读取与LED芯片的驱动器同步使得该测量对环境光不敏感。在照明系统的输出长时间稳定于恒定水平和色点的情况下,光传感器8的信号或可连续读取或在(相当长)的时段内读取。对于这些测量,驱动器可用于在测量时间内改变其方案,而不会对照明系统的输出造成明显改变。
控制器可用各种方式检测和影响穿过光发射器的电流。在一个实施例中,控制器结合在预定频段内工作的光发射器R、G、B的驱动方案采用频率分辨检测。在可选的实施例中,该照明系统包括至少两个具有滤色器的传感器,用于确定由照明系统发射的光的色点,该控制器影响由照明系统发射的光的色点。
优选地,照明系统还具有位于光发射器附近的热传感器(未显示在图1中),该控制器响应于从热传感器接收的信号来控制光发射器R、G、B的电流。在这种方式下,控制系统将适当的电流提供到光发射器,从而从照明系统发出的光的光学特性符合于理想的设置,该控制基于来自至少一个结合有至少一个热传感器的光学传感器的输入信号进行。可选地,光发射器的温度源自于预定电流下的电压,该电流是温度的函数。在这种方式下,无需独立的温度传感器并且光发射器的温度源自于提供光发射器的温度与电特性之间关系的校准曲线。优选地,这种信息与来自光学传感器的信号结合在一起,以借助于反馈和/或前馈控制系统精确设定和维持照明系统的输出。
如图1所示照明系统的实施例还包括反射器12。该反射器还准直由照明系统发射的光束(见图1中的箭头)。在图1所示的实施例中,该反射器12是多面的,用以进一步成形并用于进一步提高由照明系统发射的光束的均匀化。在另一可选实施例中,反射器大致根据复合式抛物面聚光器(CPC)成形。在可选实施例中,光准直器的形状类似于但不完全是复合式抛物面聚光器的形状。
照明系统可为聚光灯模块或探照灯模块,其中TIR准直器至少部分为多面的并或多或少旋转对称;也可为线性光源,其中TIR准直器是线性结构。线性光源的例子如图2所示,图2概略显示了图1所示照明系统的实施例的透视图。图2中的照明系统包括多个光发射器R、G、B,准直器1,光传感器8以及反射器12。仅有三个光发射器显示在图2中,当然也可能有多种原色的光发射器。此外,多个光传感器8可提供在照明系统中。特别是,存在一个或多个光发射器的线性矩阵和一个或多个光传感器的线性矩阵。
图3概略显示了根据本发明的照明系统的可选实施例的剖视图。在实施例中,光准直器1的侧壁35具有突出部9,用于将在光准直器1的光出射窗4处反射的光导向光传感器8。这一突出部9用作从准直器1的侧壁35到光传感器8的(狭窄)(圆形)光导杆。该突出部9有效地将反射光导向光传感器8。突出部在光准直器侧壁的连接处的横截面最好被优化到使光准直器1中的混色扭曲最小化并将光线充分导向光传感器8。
在使用前透镜或透明/半透明前罩板情况下,例如在反射器12的出射窗23的位置,在这种前罩板处反射的光线也可用于进行光传感器8中的通量检测。在这种情况下,抗反射覆层可提供在准直器上,以减少光损耗而不影响通量的测量。根据本发明,光线可在位于照明系统的光准直器与光出射窗之间的任何可能界面处被反射。适当的反射面例如可以是光准直器1的光出射窗4或反射器12的光出射窗23。
照明系统的较佳实施例包括纹理折射光传播器,例如微透镜阵列,该纹理光传播器提供在反射器12的光出射窗23处。
在图3的例子中,反射器12包括照明系统的附加散热片功能。此外,图3中的反射器12具有(镜面)反射覆层22。
在图3的例子中,照明系统还包括全息漫射器17。优选地,该照明系统是随机的全息漫射器。全息漫射器的主要效果是获得大致均匀的、空间性和成角度的颜色和光线分布。在可选的实施例中,全息漫射器17提供在反射器12的出射窗23处。
应当注意到,上述实施例是图解性的而非限制本发明,本领域普通技术人员将能够设计出许多替换实施例而不脱离所附权利要求的范围。在权利要求中,任何置于括号内的参考标记不应看作对权利要求的限制。动词″包括″及其动词变化的使用不排除权利要求中所列那些元件或步骤之外的元件或步骤的存在。元件前的冠词″一″或″一个″不排除多个这种元件的存在。本发明可借助于包括几个不同元件在内的硬件并借助于适当的程控计算机来实现。在列举了几种装置的装置权利要求中,这样几种装置可由同一种硬件物品具体实现。特定手段在互不相同的从属权利要求中进行描述的事实并非指这些手段的组合不能用于获益。

Claims (17)

1.一种照明系统,包括:
多个光发射器(R,G,B),
用于准直由每个光发射器(R,G,B)所发射的光的单个光准直器(1),光准直器(1)中的光传播在光准直器(1)的侧壁(35)处基于全内反射进行,
位于光准直器(1)外部用于光学反馈的至少一个光传感器(8),
该光传感器(8)用于接收由光发射器(R,G,B)所发射的、在照明系统的光出射窗(4,23)处专门经反射并在所述侧壁(35)处通过折射而将所述经反射的光耦合到光准直器(1)外面的光。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中光传感器(8)与光发射器(R,G,B)大致共面地放置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光准直器(1)的所述侧壁(35)具有用于将在光准直器(1)的光出射窗(4)处反射的光导向光传感器(8)的突出部(9)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光传感器(8)连接于控制器,该控制器响应于由光传感器(8)接收的光来控制光发射器(R,G,B)的电流。
5.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中控制器采用时间分辨检测。
6.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中控制器中的检测与光发射器(R,G,B)的脉宽驱动同步。
7.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中控制器结合在预定频段内工作的光发射器(R,G,B)的驱动方案采用频率分辨检测。
8.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中该照明系统包括至少两个具有滤色器的传感器,用于确定由照明系统发射的光的色点,该控制器影响由照明系统发射的光的色点。
9.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中该照明系统还包括热传感器,该控制器响应于从热传感器接收的信息来控制光发射器(R,G,B)的电流。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光准直器(1)由折射率大于或等于1.3的介电材料形成。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中该照明系统包括全息漫射器(17),该全息漫射器(17)提供在光准直器(1)的光出射窗(4)处。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光准直器(1)具有反射器(12)。
13.如权利要求12所述的照明系统,其中反射器(12)是多面的或者根据复合式抛物面聚光器成形。
14.如权利要求12所述的照明系统,其中该照明系统包括全息漫射器(17),该全息漫射器(17)提供在反射器(12)的光出射窗(23)处。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光发射器包括至少一个第一原色的第一发光二极管(R)和至少一个第二原色的第二发光二极管(G),该第一和第二原色彼此不同。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的照明系统,其中光发射器包括至少一个第一原色的第一发光二极管(R)、至少一个第二原色的第二发光二极管(G)、以及至少一个第三原色的第三发光二极管(B),这三种原色彼此不同。
17.如权利要求12所述的照明系统,其中当在额定功率和室温下驱动时,每个光发射器(R,G,B)具有至少25毫瓦的发射功率输出。
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