CN100551235C - The method of controlling grassplot unwanted nematode through stroma applying consumer waste compost - Google Patents
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- CN100551235C CN100551235C CNB2007101502151A CN200710150215A CN100551235C CN 100551235 C CN100551235 C CN 100551235C CN B2007101502151 A CNB2007101502151 A CN B2007101502151A CN 200710150215 A CN200710150215 A CN 200710150215A CN 100551235 C CN100551235 C CN 100551235C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of controlling grassplot unwanted nematode through stroma applying consumer waste compost, it be will contain lawn soil and the garbage compost of handling of nematode in 1: it is lawn cultivation matrix that the 1-2.5 ratio mixes assembly; Then turf grass species is sowed in matrix uniformly; After treating that the lawn is cultivated 4-6 month, grassplot unwanted nematode is controlled.Control method of the present invention is simple and easy to do, lawn leaf, the rootworm goitre that can exist to the lawn of warm warm area and subtropical zone, and the phenomenon of large tracts of land yellow is effectively controlled.By applying the consumer garbage compost of different proportion, can effectively control the growth of lawn matrix harmful nematode simultaneously, make the turfgrass growth vigorous, guarantee the good ecological functions in lawn, thereby further improved the greening landscape effect on lawn.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant protection technology field, be related to the method that the lawn plant growth creation garbage compost that good matrix environment adopted applies.The matrix of saying so is more specifically controlled the lawn cultivating method of grassplot unwanted nematode by applying consumer garbage compost.
Background technology
China is since reform and opening-up, and city number and urban population have had very big development, and the people's living standard is greatly improved, and people are also more and more higher to the requirement of environmental quality, pay attention to more afforesting and beautifying environment.Therefore, how effectively to handle domestic waste, realize innoxious, minimizing and renewable resources, the pollution of eliminating domestic waste has become the significant problem that China environmental protection must solve.
China's domestic waste volume of cargo in storage over the years has surpassed 6,000,000,000 tons, and its recycling is lower than 5%, and most rubbish are in idle chaotic stacking state.Along with attention and the science and technology development of government to treatment of urban garbage, the hole is filled out technology such as burning and compost and is generally adopted now.Rubbish is produced the energy and the reclaiming technology has also obtained very big development.Garbage compost is the important channel that domestic garbage resource utilizes, and garbage compost was used the farmland to carry out crop production comparatively general in the past.Having data to show that garbage compost is rich in organic and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, is the high-quality fertilizer material, and the high-quality garbage compost of using harmless treatment can promote plant growing, the raising biomass.The consumer garbage compost matrix turf establishment research of pertinent literature report shows that also indexs such as the plant spacing of consumer garbage compost substrate culture Lawn planted, plant height, root system, green phase and green degree all meet the requirements, and lawn comprehensive quality feature is better than soil.Therefore, be that matrix structure turf establishment system has important application value with the consumer garbage compost.
Nematode (Soil nematode) is maximum in a soil animal monoid, and the quantity in its soil is surprising, and every square metre can be up to 20,000 ten thousand on the other hand, global annual plant by harmful nematode cause with a toll of 87,000,000,000 dollars.Therefore, nematode has become the hot subject in international ecological field as the research of soil health indicator organism (Indicator species).The research of domestic this respect relatively lags behind, and the field that it relates to mainly concentrates on the aspect that prevents and treats of nutrition monoid, structure of community and the harmful nematode of describing various places field ecosystem nematode.
About harmful nematode the influence research of lawn plant growth is reported seldom.Recent discovers, nematode also is one of main pest of harm lawn plant growth, and nematode is mainly with larva harm, grows when vigorous when turfgrass, and larva begins to get food harm.Nematode can only closely be moved by wriggling.Carry out long-distance communications with the runoff of surface water or sick soil or sick turf or sick seed.Under optimum conditions, 3-4 week just can finish a generation; Condition is not in good time, and the time then will be grown, just can finish in the growth season in 3-4 week some generations can take place, but also different because of kind, environmental condition and the hazard approach of nematode.Suitable soil temperature (20-30 degree centigrade) and humidity, the litter layer of soil table is the favorable environment that is fit to the nematode breeding.And the undue arid of soil or long-time waterflooding or atmosphere deficiency, or native consolidation, sticking heavily the grade all can make the nematode activity be suppressed.Even at the cool golf course and the sports turf in area,, created the condition that helps the nematode survival and reproduction, so eelworm harm is also very serious because often Gai Sha makes the soil texture loose.Particularly in warm warm area and subtropical zone, nematode can make the leaf, root on lawn so that complete stool insect gall and deformity incur loss the lawn, causes large tracts of land yellow even death.Also can cause the turfgrass growth thin and weak in nice and cool area, poor growth and early ageing have a strong impact on lawn scenery.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of method by controlling grassplot unwanted nematode through stroma applying consumer waste compost.
The present invention is that matrix makes up the turf establishment system with the consumer garbage compost, inoculate by matrix, variation characteristics such as nematode population, genealogical classification in the research turf establishment system matrix, purpose provides foundation for the nematoda control of garbage compost matrix turf establishment system, and relevant this respect research does not still have bibliographical information at present, in view of above-mentioned purpose has been finished experiment work of the present invention.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind ofly apply the method that consumer garbage compost is controlled grassplot unwanted nematode, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) to the foreign material in producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life sorting, the removal compost that sieves, in order to doing the material that applies of lawn cultivation;
(2) getting the lawn sward that contains nematode and garbage compost, to mix assembly according to a certain percentage be that matrix is cultivated on the lawn;
(3) under the normal temperature turf grass species sowing is uniformly cultivated in the matrix on the lawn that mixes, thickness of sowing is 15-40g/m
2
(4) turfgrass after planting keeps the moisture of matrix to the lawn plant growing period, and other is undertaken by the turfgrass management;
(5) treat the lawn cultivation after 4-6 month, the kind and the number change of harmful nematode show that grassplot unwanted nematode will be effectively controlled in the mensuration soil.
Method of the present invention wherein contains the lawn sward of nematode and garbage compost generally by 1: it is that matrix is cultivated on the lawn that the 1-2.5 weight ratio mixes assembly, and preferably 1: 1 ratio is mixed uniformly.
Method of the present invention, turfgrass seed wherein is perennial ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea or annual bluegrass, is preferably perennial ryegrass.
Method of the present invention, the harmful nematode of wherein said control are the phytotrophy monoid.As short body genuss, genuss that spiral, spiral belong to, the pad sword belongs to a silk tail pad sword and belongs to or downgrade genus, is apparent that the effective growth that spiral genus and spiral belong to harmful nematode of having controlled especially.From experimental result, can see, in garbage compost turf establishment system, employing contains the lawn sward of nematode and garbage compost, and to mix assembly in 1: 1 ratio be that matrix is cultivated on the lawn, sow the rye grass seeds then, treat after 4 months to measure to spiral in the soil and belong to and spiral belongs to harmful nematode and disappeared substantially, experimental result shows that garbage compost shows inhibitory action significantly to the phytotrophy monoid.Therefore, from soil nematodes harm angle, will be that good matrix environment is created in the lawn plant growth with garbage compost as lawn matrix, thereby guarantee the normal growth of turfgrass.
For implementation method of the present invention can more clearly be described, below test method of the present invention is done with detailed explanation.
1, experiment material
This experiment selects for use the common lawn plant English ryegrass of northern China (Lolium perenneL.), Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) and kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensisL.) as turf grass species.
Consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin Xiao Dian composting plant, and the foreign material in sorting, the removal compost that sieves are in order to doing the material that applies of lawn cultivation.Sample plot is located at the Bei Yuan of Tianjin Normal University.
2, technical method:
(1) garbage compost and earth mixture
In summer, take from Museum of Tianjin square lawn soil, at turfgrass rhizosphere about 500g that fetches earth, depth selection is 0-10cm, and pack seals, and takes back the laboratory and handles.Supplying examination soil is the aggregate sample of 5 points, and before the experiment beginning, line insect types and quantity are as the background data in separation, the evaluation soil.The soil separated into two parts, with native, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part.The common plastics flowerpot is used to make up the turf establishment system as container.
2 processing are established in experiment altogether: garbage compost (deactivation) 350g and soil (containing nematode) 350g mix the flowerpot of packing into.Soil (deactivation) 350g and soil (containing nematode) 350g mix the flowerpot of packing into, each 3 times repetitions.
Respectively at sowing rye grass seeds 1.5g in each flowerpot.Then, all flowerpots are imbedded sample plot, flowerpot upper edge and ground are at a distance of 1cm.The turf establishment system was cultivated after 4 months, and isolation identification is respectively handled kind and the quantity of nematode.
(2) separation of nematode, evaluation and counting
Take by weighing turf establishment system matrix sample 100g, with eluriating-sieve-saccharose gradient Density Gradient Centrifugation separation nematode, gentle heat kill is dead down at 60 ℃, and 2 times of TAF fixers that add equivalent are again fixed, and mixing is poured in the specimen bottle to be measured then.Sample sieves and is respectively from top to bottom: 35 orders, 60 orders, 400 orders.The compound method of TAF fixer is: formaldehyde: triethanolamine: water=7ml: 2ml: 91ml.Under the stereoscopic anatomical lens of OLYMPUS, classify, the evaluation and the counting of monoid.At last, according to soil moisture content, the soil nematodes population quantity is converted to the nematode bar number of every 100g dry ground.
Each nematode population that belongs to can be distributed in 0.3 to 86.1 in the every 100g dry ground of background soil, and as seen, each belongs to nematode population and differs greatly, and wherein sword belongs to the genus of minimum number and lance line genus for the deer horn lip belongs to, smoothly fills up, and maximum is the genus that spirals.In background soil nematodes group nutrition monoid, phytotrophy monoid absolute abundance is the highest, and is omnivorous-predation monoid absolute abundance minimum (table 1).Illustrate that the Parasita nematode to the plant hazard maximum is preponderated in the background soil nematodes, therefore,, might cause adverse effect growing of lawn plant as making up the turf establishment system as lawn matrix with this soil.
The natural lawn of table 1 0～20cm soil layer soil background nematode nutrition monoid, genealogical classification and quantative attribute (density: individual/100g soil; Relative abundance: RA%)
Annotate: +++, RA＞10 dominant generas; ++, the common genus in 1≤RA≤10; +, the rare genus in RA＜1.
(3) inoculation back soil and composting substrate turf establishment system nematode population, genealogical classification
Inoculate nematode after 4 months, the situation of change (table 2) that nematode population in soil and the garbage compost matrix turf establishment system nematode and section belong to.
In the soil matrix turf establishment system of inoculation, identify nematode totally 5 sections 8 genus, obviously be less than background soil, dominant genera still is the genus that spirals of phytotrophy monoid, relative aboundance reaches 83.3%, is significantly higher than background soil (P＜0.05); Each nutrition monoid of nematode group is formed all minimizing to some extent, yet the phytotrophy monoid still is a dominant groups.
In the garbage compost matrix turf establishment system of inoculation, identify nematode totally 4 sections 7 genus, also obviously be less than background soil, in addition, great changes have also taken place in dominant genera, and the head lobe of food bacterium monoid belongs to and beautiful prominent genus becomes dominant genera, and relative aboundance is respectively 67.0% and 14% (table 2); Have only a tail pad sword to belong in the phytotrophy monoid a small amount of existence is arranged, all the other sections' genus have all disappeared.
Above presentation of results, there is notable difference in garbage compost to the influence of nematode group, and it shows that mainly garbage compost has suppressed colony's quantity of phytotrophy monoid, the nutrition monoid of non-plant parasitism then there is in various degree facilitation, has especially promoted growing of food bacterium monoid.Because food bacterium monoid nematode mainly is food with the bacterium, to not directly injury of plant, and phytotrophy monoid nematode is food with the host plant, injury maximum to plant, therefore, the growth of non-plant parasitic nematode colony quantity, the reduction of plant nematode nutrition monoid, can improve soil quality from a side illustration garbage compost, also reflect the healthy growth that may more help lawn plant with garbage compost as lawn matrix from the soil animal angle simultaneously than soil matrix.
Table 2 inoculation back soil and composting substrate turf establishment system nematode nutrition monoid, genealogical classification and quantative attribute (density: individual/100g soil; Relative abundance: RA%)
Annotate: +++, RA＞10 dominant generas; ++, the common genus in 1≤RA≤10; +, the rare genus in RA＜1.
3, conclusion
By soil and garbage compost are carried out deactivation inoculation nematode, and two kinds of matrix turf establishment systems have been made up, through 4 months nematode growth and breedings and the alternation of generations, in inoculation garbage compost and the soil matrix nematode group in quantity, form configuration aspects and show significant difference.Line insect number is less than line insect number in the inoculation soil matrix turf establishment system in the garbage compost matrix turf establishment system.Nematode is a dominant genera with the head lobe genus and the beautiful prominent genus of food bacterium monoid in the garbage compost matrix, garbage compost shows inhibitory action significantly to the phytotrophy monoid, the phytotrophy class nematode that belongs to of having the advantage in background soil belongs to as spiraling and spiral belongs to and having disappeared substantially in garbage compost turf establishment system, and some genus with the phytotrophy monoid are dominant genera and inoculate in the soil still.As seen, execute as soil nutrient with consumer garbage compost and to join material, not only can improve soil microflora, promote beneficial microorganism growth in the soil, but also effective colony's quantity of controlling plant parasitic nematode reduces the harm of soil nematodes to plant.Therefore, from the angle of control lawn matrix harmful nematode harm, can be the lawn plant growth with garbage compost as lawn matrix and create good matrix environment, and help improving the turf quality performance.
The good effect that the present invention is compared with prior art had is:
(1) the present invention adopts lawn leaf, the rootworm goitre that method easy, easy row can exist the lawn of warm warm area and subtropical zone, and the phenomenon of large tracts of land yellow is effectively controlled.According to local actual soil regime, apply the consumer garbage compost of different proportion simultaneously, can effectively control the harm of grassplot unwanted nematode, make the turfgrass growth vigorous, prolong vegetative period, thereby further improved the landscape effect on lawn.
(2) the present invention executes as soil nutrient with consumer garbage compost and joins material, not only can improve soil microflora, promotes beneficial microorganism growth in the soil.But also effective colony's quantity of controlling plant parasitic nematode reduces the harm of soil nematodes to plant, is that good matrix environment is created in the lawn plant growth, and helps improving the quality and the performance on lawn.
Embodiment:
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
This experiment selects for use the common lawn plant English ryegrass of northern China (Lolium perenneL.), Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) and kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensisL.) as turf grass species.
Consumer garbage compost has passed through preliminary treatment from Tianjin Xiao Dian composting plant: sorting, sieve, oven dry is 2-8 hour under 60 ℃ of-100 ℃ of conditions, does the lawn fully and cultivates raw material to remove moisture in the compost.Sample plot is located at the Bei Yuan of Tianjin Normal University.
Embodiment 1
(1) to the foreign material in producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life sorting, the removal compost that sieves, in order to doing the material that applies of lawn cultivation;
(2) in summer, take from Museum of Tianjin square lawn soil, at turfgrass rhizosphere about 500g that fetches earth, depth selection is 10cm, and pack seals, and takes back the laboratory and handles.Supplying examination soil is the aggregate sample of 5 points, and before the experiment beginning, line insect types and quantity are as the background data in separation, the evaluation soil.Wherein typically spiral and belong to Rotylenchus, density 86.3, relative aboundance RA45.1%.
(3) garbage compost (deactivation) 350g and soil (containing nematode) 350g mix the flowerpot of packing into; (thickness of sowing is 15/m with rye grass seeds 1.5g under the normal temperature
2) sow uniformly on the lawn that mixes and cultivate in the matrix; Then flowerpot is imbedded sample plot, flowerpot upper edge and ground are at a distance of 1cm.
(4) turfgrass after planting keeps the moisture of matrix to the lawn plant growing period, and other is undertaken by the turfgrass management;
(5) treat the cultivation of turf establishment system after 4 months, the number change of harmful nematode in the mensuration soil.Spiraling belongs to Rotylenchus, density 0, and relative aboundance RA is 0.Experimental results show that: employing the method can be controlled to the harmful nematode in the lawn soil of square.
Embodiment 2
(1) to the foreign material in producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life sorting, the removal compost that sieves, in order to doing the material that applies of lawn cultivation.
(2) in summer, take from station square, Tianjin lawn soil, at turfgrass rhizosphere about 2000g that fetches earth, depth selection is 10cm, and pack seals, and takes back the laboratory and handles.Supplying examination soil is the aggregate sample of 5 points, and before the experiment beginning, line insect types and quantity are as the background data in separation, the evaluation soil.Wherein typical spiral belongs to Helicotylenchus, density 41.77, and relative aboundance RA 19.4%.
(3) garbage compost (deactivation) 750g and soil (containing nematode) 350g mix the flowerpot of packing into; (thickness of sowing is 40g/m with Festuca Arundinacea kind 3.5g under the normal temperature
2) sow uniformly on the lawn that mixes and cultivate in the matrix; Then flowerpot is imbedded sample plot, flowerpot upper edge and ground are at a distance of 1cm.
(4) turfgrass after planting keeps the moisture of matrix to the lawn plant growing period, and other is undertaken by the turfgrass management.
(5) treat the turf establishment cultivation after 4 months, the number change of harmful nematode in the mensuration soil.Wherein spiral belongs to Helicotylenchus, density 0, and relative aboundance RA 0.Experimental results show that: adopt the method to be removed the harmful nematode in the lawn soil of station square.
Embodiment 3
(1) to the foreign material in producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life sorting, the removal compost that sieves, in order to doing the material that applies of lawn cultivation.
(2) in summer, take from square flower bed lawn soil, at turfgrass rhizosphere about 1000g that fetches earth, depth selection is 8cm, and pack seals, and takes back the laboratory and handles.Supplying examination soil is the aggregate sample of 5 points, and before the experiment beginning, line insect types and quantity are as the background data in separation, the evaluation soil.Wherein typical the dwarfing belongs to Thlenchorhynchus density 4, and relative aboundance RA 1.9%.
(3) garbage compost (deactivation) 3000g and soil (containing nematode) 1500g mix the flowerpot of packing into; (thickness of sowing is 40g/m with annual bluegrass kind 20g under the normal temperature
2) sow uniformly on the lawn that mixes and cultivate in the matrix; Then flowerpot is imbedded sample plot, flowerpot upper edge and ground are at a distance of 1cm.
(4) turfgrass after planting keeps the moisture of matrix to the lawn plant growing period, and other is undertaken by the turfgrass management.
(5) treat the cultivation of turf establishment system after 4 months, the number change of harmful nematode in the mensuration soil.Wherein typical the dwarfing belongs to Tylenchorhynchus density 0, and relative aboundance RA 0%.Experimental results show that: adopt the method to be removed the harmful nematode in the flower bed lawn soil.
After the preferred embodiment that describes in detail, being familiar with this technology personage can be well understood to, can carry out various variations and modification not breaking away under above-mentioned claim and the spirit, all foundations technical spirit of the present invention all belongs to the scope of technical solution of the present invention to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.And the embodiment that the present invention also is not subject in the specification to be given an actual example.
Claims (5)
1, the method for controlling grassplot unwanted nematode through stroma applying consumer waste compost growth is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) to the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life sorting, sieve, remove the foreign material in the compost after, promptly can be used as the lawn and cultivate and be used;
(2) getting the lawn soil that contains nematode is 1 with the garbage compost of deactivation by weight: it is that matrix is cultivated on the lawn that the ratio of 1-2.5 mixes assembly;
(3) under the normal temperature turf grass species sowing is uniformly cultivated in the matrix on the lawn, thickness of sowing is 15-40g/m
2
(4) turfgrass after planting keeps the moisture of matrix to the lawn plant growing period, and other is undertaken by normal turfgrass management;
(5) treat the lawn cultivation after 4-6 month, the kind and the number change of harmful nematode in the mensuration matrix, grassplot unwanted nematode will be effectively controlled.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described turf grass species is perennial ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea or annual bluegrass.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described harmful nematode is the phytotrophy monoid.
4, method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described phytotrophy monoid comprises: short body genus, the genus that spirals, spiral belong to, the pad sword belongs to, silk tail pad sword belongs to or downgrades and belongs to.
5, method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described phytotrophy monoid belongs to for the genus that spirals, spiral or the pad sword belongs to.
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| CN102249760A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 天津师范大学 | Method and application for loading compost in waste seeding belt |
| CN103004401A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Turfgrass nematode control method |
| CN105875245B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-10-19 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of method of consumer garbage compost regulation and control grasshopper increment |
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