CN100544814C - 将燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整器及方法 - Google Patents

将燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整器及方法 Download PDF

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CN100544814C
CN100544814C CNB200480037777XA CN200480037777A CN100544814C CN 100544814 C CN100544814 C CN 100544814C CN B200480037777X A CNB200480037777X A CN B200480037777XA CN 200480037777 A CN200480037777 A CN 200480037777A CN 100544814 C CN100544814 C CN 100544814C
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斯特凡·克丁
诺贝特·京特
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将燃料(12)和氧化剂(16，18，20)转化为重整产品(22)的重整器，其包括氧化带(24)和重整带(26)，其中可将由燃料(12)和氧化剂(16，18，20)组成的混合物送入氧化带(24)，在燃料(12)至少部分被氧化之后可将该混合物至少部分地送入重整带(26)。根据本发明，可额外将燃料(14)送入重整带(26)，并可将热量(28)送入重整带(26)。本发明还涉及将燃料(12)和氧化剂(16，18，20)转化为重整产品(22)的方法。

Description

将燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整器及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及使燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整器，其包括氧化带和重整带，其中可将由燃料和氧化剂组成的混合物送入氧化带，并在燃料至少部分氧化之后可将该混合物至少部分地送入重整带。
本发明还涉及使燃料和氧化剂在具有氧化带和重整带的重整器中转化为重整产品的方法，其中将由燃料和氧化剂组成的混合物送入氧化带，并在燃料至少部分氧化之后将该混合物至少部分地送入重整带。
背景技术
普通重整器和普通方法具有广泛的应用领域。它们尤其用于将富含氢的气体混合物送入燃料电池，由此基于电化学过程可产生电能。此类燃料电池例如应用于汽车领域作为辅助能源，即所谓的APUs(“辅助能量单元”)。
用于使燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整过程可根据不同的原理进行。例如，催化重整是已知的，其中部分燃料在放热反应中被氧化。该催化重整的缺点是产生高热量，这对系统成分，尤其是对催化剂具有不可逆的损害。
用于由烃类物质产生重整产品的另一种可能性是“蒸汽-重整”。在此情况下，在吸热反应中借助于水蒸汽使烃类物质转化为氢。
结合这两种原理，即基于放热反应进行重整并且通过吸热反应生成氢，其中蒸汽重整的能量由烃类物质的燃烧获得，称为热自动补偿重整。但在此情况下出现了额外的缺点，即必须提供供应水的可能性。氧化带与重整带之间的高温度梯度使整个系统的温度控制中产生其他问题。
DE 199 43 248 A1中给出了具有与重整单元分离的氧化单元的重整器的实例。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供使燃料和氧化剂转化为重整产品的重整器及方法，其中至少部分地克服了上述的问题，并且尤其是不再产生由高温或高温度梯度导致的问题。
利用根据本发明的重整器和方法实现该目的。
本发明还提供了优选的具体实施方案。
本发明是在普通重整器的基础上通过以下方式构成的，可额外将燃料送入重整带，并且可将热量送入重整带。由此，使额外送入的燃料与来自氧化带的废气一起形成重整过程的初始气体混合物。由于燃料与废气的混合而提供小的λ值(例如λ＝0.4)，并且在送入热量的情况下可发生吸热重整反应。
在此情况下，可将氧化带中的放热氧化反应产生的热量送入重整带是尤其有利的。因而使氧化带中产生的热能在重整反应期间被转化，从而使整个过程产生的净热量不会导致重整器温度控制中的问题。
重整带具有氧化剂供应装置的设计是有利的，经该装置可额外供应氧化剂。以此方式提供了另一个影响重整的参数，从而可实施优化。
本发明是通过以下方式特别有利地进一步构成的，可将额外的燃料送入注入带及混合物形成带，并且额外的燃料可从注入带及混合物形成带流入重整带。因此，注入带及混合物形成带位于重整带的流方向的上游，从而为重整带的重整反应提供充分混合的初始气体。
在此情况下，由离开氧化带的气体混合物的热能使额外的燃料至少部分地蒸发是有利的。从而也可以有利的方式将氧化产生的反应热用于燃料的蒸发过程。
此外，可将氧化带中产生的气体混合物部分地以绕过注入带及混合物形成带的方式送入重整带也是有利的。因此，还提供了影响重整过程的另一种可能性，从而在此应用中可进一步改善离开重整器的重整产品。
本发明是在普通方法的基础上通过以下方式构成的，可额外将燃料送入重整带，并且可将热量送入重整带。以此方式使该方法也具有根据本发明的重整器的优点和特征。这也适用于本发明方法的以下特别优选的具体实施方案。
该方法是通过以下方式有利地进一步构成的，将来自氧化带中的放热氧化反应的热量送入重整带。
此外，重整带具有氧化剂供应装置是有利的，经该装置额外供应氧化剂。
在该方法的范畴内，优选将额外的燃料送入注入带及混合物形成带，并且使额外的燃料从注入带及混合物形成带流入重整带。
在该方法中，由离开氧化带的气体混合物的热能使额外的燃料至少部分地蒸发是有利的。
此外，可将氧化带中产生的气体混合物部分地以绕过注入带及混合物形成带的方式送入重整带。
本发明是基于以下的认识，通过分离氧化带和重整带，并混合来自氧化带的废气和额外供应的燃料，可产生气体混合物，这为后序的重整提供良好的前提条件，和/或可通过进一步供应废气和氧化剂而使重整过程优化。
附图说明
现在利用附图根据优选的具体实施方案示例性地阐述本发明。
附图说明
图1所示为根据本发明的重整器的示意图；及
图2所示为用于解释根据本发明的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为根据本发明的重整器的示意图。可将燃料12和氧化剂16经过各自的供应装置送入重整器10。例如可使用柴油作为燃料12，氧化剂16通常是空气。在最初燃烧期间立即产生的反应热可在选择性设置的冷却带36内部分地释放出。然后将该混合物进一步送入氧化带24中，该氧化带24可以位于重整带26内部的管的形式实现。在选择性的具体实施方案中，氧化带可以重整带26内部的更多根管或特定的管道的方式实现。在氧化带中，在λ≈1的放热反应中发生燃料和氧化剂的转化。然后，将在此情况下产生的气体混合物32送入注入带和混合物形成带30中，其中该气体混合物与注入的燃料14混合。在此情况下，气体混合物32的热能可使燃料14蒸发。可额外地将氧化剂送入注入带和混合物形成带30中。然后，将如此形成的混合物送入重整带26中，在那里例如利用λ≈0.4的吸热反应使该混合物转化。该吸热反应所需的热量28由氧化带24导出。为了优化该重整过程，可额外将氧化剂18送入重整带26中。此外，可以绕过注入带和混合物形成带30的方式将一部分在氧化带24中产生的气体混合物34直接送入重整带26。然后，重整产品22由重整带26流出，并可用于其他的应用中。
图2所示为用于解释根据本发明的方法的流程图。在步骤S01中，将燃料和氧化剂送入氧化带。然后，在步骤S02中使燃料至少部分氧化。根据步骤S03，将离开氧化带的气体混合物送入注入带和混合物形成带。此外，在步骤S04中将额外的燃料送入注入带和混合物形成带。然后，在步骤S05中将在注入带和混合物形成带中产生的混合物送入重整带，于其中在步骤S06中利用放热氧化的反应热在吸热反应中进行重整。在步骤S07中取出重整产品。
在以上说明和附图中公开的本发明的特征以单独或任意组合的方式对于实施本发明是必要的。
附图标记
12 燃料
14 燃料
16 氧化剂
18 氧化剂
20 氧化剂
22 重整产品
24 氧化带
26 重整带
28 热量
30 注入带和混合物形成带
34 气体混合物
36 冷却带

Claims (9)

1、用于将燃料(12)和氧化剂(16，18，20)转化为重整产品(22)的重整器，其包括氧化带(24)和重整带(26)，其中可将由燃料(12)和氧化剂(16)组成的混合物送入氧化带(24)，在燃料(12)至少部分被氧化之后可将该混合物至少部分地送入重整带(26)，其中可额外将燃料(14)送入重整带(26)，可将热量(28)送入重整带(26)，可将额外的燃料(14)送入注入带和混合物形成带(30)，以及可使额外的燃料(14)从注入带和混合物形成带(30)流入重整带(26)中，其特征在于，可将在氧化带(24)中产生的气体混合物(34)部分地以绕过注入带和混合物形成带(30)的方式送入重整带(26)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的重整器，其特征在于：可将来自氧化带(24)中的放热氧化的热量(28)送入重整带(26)。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的重整器，其特征在于：重整带(26)具有氧化剂供应装置，经该装置可额外供应氧化剂(16，18，20)。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的重整器，其特征在于：由离开氧化带(24)的气体混合物(34)的热能使额外的燃料(14)至少部分地蒸发。
5、用于在具有氧化带(24)和重整带(26)的重整器中将燃料(12)和氧化剂(16，18，20)转化为重整产品(22)的方法，其中将由燃料(12)和氧化剂(16)组成的混合物送入氧化带(24)，在燃料(12)至少部分被氧化之后将该混合物至少部分地送入重整带(26)，其中将额外的燃料(14)送入重整带(26)，将热量(28)送入重整带(26)，将额外的燃料(14)送入注入带和混合物形成带(30)，以及使额外的燃料(14)从注入带和混合物形成带(30)流入重整带(26)中，其特征在于，将在氧化带(24)中产生的气体混合物(34)部分地以绕过注入带和混合物形成带(30)的方式送入重整带(26)。
6、根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：将来自氧化带(24)中的放热氧化的热量(28)送入重整带(26)。
7、根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：重整带(26)具有氧化剂供应装置，经该装置额外供应氧化剂(16，18，20)。
8、根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：重整带(26)具有氧化剂供应装置，经该装置额外供应氧化剂(16，18，20)。
9、根据权利要求5至8之一所述的方法，其特征在于：由离开氧化带(24)的气体混合物(34)的热能使额外的燃料(14)至少部分地蒸发。
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