CN100543427C - 碳酸钙颗粒 - Google Patents
碳酸钙颗粒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100543427C CN100543427C CNB2004800286094A CN200480028609A CN100543427C CN 100543427 C CN100543427 C CN 100543427C CN B2004800286094 A CNB2004800286094 A CN B2004800286094A CN 200480028609 A CN200480028609 A CN 200480028609A CN 100543427 C CN100543427 C CN 100543427C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- particle diameter
- calcium carbonate
- median particle
- carbonate powder
- particulate compositions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- -1 glidant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Mercaptoguanine Natural products N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017399 Caesalpinia tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019505 Deglutition disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000569 Gum karaya Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010061363 Skeletal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000934878 Sterculia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000388430 Tara Species 0.000 description 1
- SQTNWSATORXFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].[Mg+2].[Si](O)(O)(O)O.[OH-] Chemical compound [OH-].[Mg+2].[Si](O)(O)(O)O.[OH-] SQTNWSATORXFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYHXNYLLNIKZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;carbonic acid Chemical compound [Ca].OC(O)=O FYHXNYLLNIKZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005454 flavour additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008202 granule composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010494 karaya gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000231 karaya gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039371 karaya gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007932 molded tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014081 polyp of colon Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095374 tabloid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012749 thinning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K33/10—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
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- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
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- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Neurology (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了高致密颗粒和制备高致密颗粒的方法。更具体而言,本发明公开了高致密碳酸钙颗粒。所述颗粒包含粉末化材料,如小中值粒径的碳酸钙。所公开的颗粒用于制造药物和营养片剂,并且在压制时提供比以前可获得的更小的片剂尺寸。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及高致密颗粒及其制备方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及用于制备药物和营养片剂的高致密碳酸钙颗粒。
发明背景
钙是基本营养物质,是人体中数量最丰富的矿物质。在构成健康的牙齿和骨骼、血液凝固、肌肉收缩和神经功能方面,钙起到重要作用。除了这些益处外,最近有人提出钙可以降低colon polyps复发的危险。参见Baron J.A.等人的《New England Journal of Medicine》,1999;340:101-107。最引人注意的是钙降低了男性和女性骨质疏松症造成的骨损伤的风险。尽管有这些优点,但据估计有一半的美国人没有摄取足量的钙。更成问题的是,80%的妇女一骨质疏松症的高危人群没有摄取足够的钙。
这种钙缺乏部分是由于医生建议的每日大量钙摄入引起的。UnitedStates Recommended Daily Allowance(“USRDA”)关于成人的钙量为800-1400mg。国家科学院医学院建议50岁以上的人每天摄入钙1200mg,19岁以下的人每天为1300mg。显然医生建议的钙补充量超过任何其它的膳食补充量。
商用的食用补钙剂一般制自天然来源的碳酸钙,包括石灰石和牡蛎壳。由于碳酸钙中仅含有40重量%的钙元素,每天必须摄入约2.5-3.5克的碳酸钙以满足上述建议。制备含有如此大量碳酸钙的片剂是不切实际的。结果,补充钙剂的服用方法一般包括每天服用两片500-600mg的钙。然而,即使是以这样的钙的剂量,大多数钙片仍非常大,吞咽困难或令人不舒服。当制剂中还存在赋形剂时,这个问题就更严重了。和任何固体药物或营养剂一样,大片剂尺寸经常会导致病人配合差。除了钙补充剂以外,这种缺点在含有大量活性成份的片剂如多维生素和高剂量药物中常常会遇到。
降低片剂尺寸的现有途径包括提高制片过程中的压实压力和降低片剂中某些或全部活性成分的剂量。这两种途径会带来缺陷。例如,制片过程中的高压实压力会造成容易破碎的脆性片剂。而且,片剂的崩解和溶解特性也会受到压实压力的影响,改变了活性成分的生物利用率。降低每片中一种或多种活性成分的量就需要摄入更多片剂来获得所需的剂量,或者,如在某些多维生素的情况中,会造成所选定的活性成分不足。例如,大多数商用多维生素片仅提供USRDA推荐钙剂量的10-20%。必须降低这些片剂中钙的浓度以容纳更高浓度的其它维生素。
像其它药物和营养片剂一样,碳酸钙片是通过向固体配方施加压力制成的。一些粉末化的剂型天然具有压实所需的必要的粘着和流动性能。然而,像大多数粉末那样,碳酸钙缺乏直接压制的能力,必须经过称作造粒的工艺转化为更适合制片的形式。
通常,造粒工艺包括用提高颗粒粘着性能的试剂处理干燥粉末,形成粉末颗粒的稳定聚集体。本领域已知的造粒方法包括湿法造粒、干法造粒和流化床。其中,湿法造粒是最广泛使用的方法。在湿法造粒中,在适当的混合器中混合干燥的粉末组分,接下来加入粘合剂和进一步混合以获得所需的稠度。干燥后,颗粒化的组合物一般具有自由流动性和沙状的质地。造粒提供了压实成具有令人满意的硬度和脆性的片剂所需的粘着性能和密实度。
对高密实性颗粒存在持续的需求。因此,本发明的目标是提供可压制成比迄今为止已知片剂更小的片剂的颗粒。进而,本发明的目标是提供配方和颗粒制备方法。
发明概述
根据前述目标,提供了高致密颗粒和制备高致密颗粒的方法。当压制成片剂时,这些颗粒提供本领域迄今为止尚未实现的小尺寸或小体积片剂。在本发明的优选实施方案中,提供了碳酸钙颗粒。当以下实施方案和实施例涉及优选的碳酸钙颗粒时,应当理解本发明的方法可用于任何粉末化材料的造粒。因此,根据本文公开的方法或配方制成的任何颗粒应认为处于本发明范围之内。
令人意外地发现,通过在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中混合包含碳酸钙的组合物并在对流式烘箱中干燥该组合物提供了高致密碳酸钙颗粒。通过使用包含小中值粒径的粉末化组合物的配方获得了在致密度方面的额外改善。通过使用包含两种或更多种中值粒径不同的粉末化组合物的配方获得了进一步的改善。虽然当将这些配方与本发明的造粒方法结合使用时最充分地实现了本发明的益处,但本发明不限于此。应认为在与任何现有技术的造粒方法结合使用时,这些配方都将提供改进的颗粒。
在本发明的一个方面中,提供了包含中值粒径为约0.1-约20微米的粉末化材料的颗粒。本实施方案的优选颗粒的中值粒径为约1-约15μm。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了颗粒化的组合物,其包含中值粒径为约10-约25μm的第一碳酸钙组合物和中值粒径为约0.1-约10μm的第二碳酸钙组合物。在优选实施方案中,第一碳酸钙组合物的中值粒径为约12-约17μm,第二碳酸钙组合物的中值粒径为约1-约5μm。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了颗粒化的组合物,其包含中值粒径为约10-约25μm的第一碳酸钙组合物;中值粒径为约1-约10μm的第二碳酸钙组合物和中值粒径为约0.1-约1μm的第三碳酸钙组合物。
本发明的再一个方面提供了造粒方法,其包括在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中混合粉末化组合物和在对流式烘箱中干燥该组合物的步骤。根据本发明该方面方法的优选实施方案包括的步骤有:(1)在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中混合粉末化的碳酸钙、麦芽糊精和任选添加的赋形剂;(2)向组合物中加水并混合;(3)向组合物中加油并混合;和(4)在对流式烘箱中干燥得到的组合物。
本发明的又一个方面提供了高密度碳酸钙颗粒。在该方面中,提供了平均堆积密度为约0.9-约2.0g/cm3的颗粒化碳酸钙组合物。提供的优选颗粒化碳酸钙组合物的平均堆积密度为约1.1-约2.0g/cm3.本发明最优选的颗粒化碳酸钙组合物的堆积密度大于1.3g/cm3。
本发明的又一个方面提供了包含所公开的颗粒的片剂。由本发明的颗粒制备的片剂的密度比商购补钙片剂高约20%-约35%。因此,由本发明颗粒制备的片剂的体积比商购的补钙片剂小约20%-约35%。
参考以下对本发明的详细描述和所附权利要求可以更加清楚地理解本发明的这些和其它方面。
发明详述
在以下对本发明的描述中,应当认为所用术语具有它们普通的和本领域的惯用意义,除非另有说明。如本文中所用的,术语“颗粒”指的是具有足以压制成片剂的粘着性能的自由流动组合物。术语“造粒方法”包括,但不限于本领域中已知的那些方法,如湿法造粒、干法造粒、流化床造粒、团聚和球形化。
1、颗粒组合物。
本发明的一个方面提供了高密度和高致密颗粒组合物。在本发明的优选实施方式中,所述颗粒组合物包含碳酸钙。
本领域中众所周知的是可商购得到具有各种中值粒径的碳酸钙粉末。例如,从供应商如OMYA,Inc.(Alpharetta,Georgia),J.M HuberCorp.(Atlanta,Ga)和Minerals Technologies Inc.(New York,NY)可以得到中值粒径为0.7-20μm的食品级和USP级碳酸钙粉末。
如表1所示,与中值粒径较小的碳酸钙粉末相比,中值粒径较大的碳酸钙粉末在直接压制时提供密度更大的组合物。
表1
1得自OMYA,Inc.;2得自J.M Huber Corp.
根据颗粒尺寸与密度之间的关系,熟练技术人员将会被启发选择大中值粒径的碳酸钙粉末以试图提供高密度和高致密的颗粒。然而,令人吃惊地发现,包含小中值粒径碳酸钙粉末的颗粒化组合物,其单独具有较低填充密度,与由较大中值粒径的碳酸钙粉末组成的颗粒化组合物相比,具有改进的致密度。因此,包含小中值粒径的碳酸钙粉末的颗粒化组合物在压制时意外地提供小片剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供的碳酸钙颗粒包含中值粒径为约0.1-约20μm的粉末化碳酸钙。在该范围内,示范性的颗粒包含中值粒径为约3.5、6和12μm的碳酸钙。在优选实施方案中,颗粒化组合物包含中值粒径为约10-约12μm的碳酸钙。本发明的颗粒化组合物还包含其它成分,包括,但不限于麦芽糊精、阿拉伯树胶、油和水。
在本发明的实施当中,发现希望使用在平均值附近的颗粒直径分布窄的粉末化组合物。应当认为,由于颗粒尺寸的变化与粉末的中值粒径有关,“窄粒径分布”通常不能被量化。另外,与每种中值粒径粉末有关的制造方面的限制影响了在平均值周围的分布。本领域技术人员能够选择窄中值粒径的粉末。
如本文中所用的,如果粉末中约65%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为5-25μm(偏离中值±66%)且约40%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为约10-20μm(偏离中值±33%),则中值粒径为15μm的碳酸钙粉末具有窄颗粒尺寸分布。近似的,如果粉末中约50%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为4-20μm(偏离中值±66%)且约30%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为约8-16μm(偏离中值±33%),则中值粒径为12μm的碳酸钙粉末具有窄颗粒尺寸分布。如果粉末中约55%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为2-10μm(偏离中值±66%)且约25%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为约4-8μm(偏离中值±33%),则中值粒径为6μm的碳酸钙粉末具有窄颗粒尺寸分布。如果粉末中约50%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为1.2-5.8μm(偏离中值±66%)且约25%或更多总体积的颗粒尺寸为约2.3-4.7μm(偏离中值±33%),则中值粒径为3-4μm的碳酸钙粉末具有窄颗粒尺寸分布。具有窄粒径分布的适当碳酸钙粉末包括但不限于从OMYA,Inc以商标OMYA-Cal FG15、OMYA-Cal USP 15、OMYA-Cal LL OC FG 15 BTH、OMYA-Cal LL USP 15、OMYA-Cal LLUSP 15 BTH、OMYA-Cal FG-10AZ、OMYA-Cal FG-6AZ和OMYA-Cal USP-4AZ购得的那些。
尽管优选粉末具有窄中值粒径分布,应当认为,任何粉末都可用于本发明。例如,中值粒径为12μm,具有中值附近的比上述宽的分布的碳酸钙粉末提供密实度优于现有技术那些的颗粒。
在本发明的实施中,还发现将小中值粒径的粉末与较大中值粒径的粉末组合使用是有用的。在本发明的一个实施方案中,该颗粒组合物包含中值粒径为约10-约25μm的第一粉末化组合物和中值粒径为约0.1-约10μm的第二粉末化组合物。
所述第一和第二粉末化组合物可以是任何粉末化材料。优选所述第一和第二粉末化组合物是用于药物和营养片剂配方中的材料,包括活性成分和赋形剂。可考虑用于本发明中的粉末化材料和赋形剂的实例包括但不限于碳酸钙、磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁和其它铁化合物、乳糖、纤维素、微晶纤维素(Avicel)、高岭土、甘露醇、麦芽糊精、油、氯化钠、淀粉、糖粉、滑石(氢氧化硅酸镁)和硅石。在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述第一和第二粉末化组合物是碳酸钙。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物包含中值粒径为约12-约17μm的碳酸钙,第二粉末化组合物包含中值粒径为约1-约5μm的碳酸钙。在本发明的更优选实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物包含中值粒径为约15μm的碳酸钙,第二粉末化组合物包含中值粒径为约4μm的碳酸钙。
所述第一和第二粉末化组合物可分别占颗粒化组合物的任意重量%。在优选实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约50-约100重量%,第二粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约0-约50重量%。在更优选的实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约60-约80重量%,第二粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约20-约40重量%。在最优选的实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约70重量%,第二粉末化组合物占颗粒化组合物的约30重量%。
应当认为本发明的第一和第二粉末化组合物不一定是相同的化合物。例如,设想第一粉末化组合物可以是赋形剂,第二粉末化组合物可以是活性成分,或者相反。在本发明的一个实施方案中,第一粉末化组合物是碳酸钙,第二粉末化组合物是滑石粉。
本发明的另一种颗粒化组合物包含中值粒径为约10-约20μm的第一粉末化组合物和中值粒径为约1-约10μm的第二粉末化组合物,和中值粒径为约0.1-约1μm的第三粉末化组合物。所述第一、第二和第三粉末化组合物可分别占颗粒化组合物的任意重量%。在优选实施方案中,所述颗粒化组合物包含约60-约80重量%的第一粉末化组合物、约20-约40重量%的第二粉末化组合物和约0.5-约5重量%的第三粉末化组合物。
所述第一、第二和第三粉末化组合物可独立地选自任何粉末化材料。在优选实施方案中,所述第一、第二和第三粉末化组合物中的至少一种是碳酸钙。在更优选的实施方案中,所述第一、第二和第三粉末化组合物中的每一种都是碳酸钙。
本发明的颗粒化组合物可包含上述粉末化组合物以外的其它材料。例如,希望向颗粒中加入赋形剂,为颗粒或产生的片剂赋予某些物理性能。可用于本发明的赋形剂包括但不限于稀释剂、粘合剂、助流剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、色素、调味剂、甜味剂和阻溶剂。本发明的优选赋形剂是麦芽糊精和油。当存在时,所述颗粒化组合物优选包含约2-约10重量%的麦芽糊精和约0.1-约1重量%的油。
设想任何可与药物或营养产品相容的油或油状物可用于本发明。优选的油是低芥酸菜籽油、矿物油、椰子油、棉籽油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、棕榈油、植物油和大豆油。矿物油是本发明最优选的油。
上述配方还可以包含一种或更多种水胶体。在本发明的配方中可以使用任何与药物或营养产品相容的水胶体。优选的水胶体选自植物胶,包括但不限于藻酸盐、角叉胶、葡聚糖、furcellaran、果胶、明胶、琼脂胶、槐豆胶、轧的树胶、瓜尔胶、黄蓍胶、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、剌梧桐树胶、秘鲁树荚胶、纤维素衍生物、淀粉衍生物及其组合。发现了一种特别有用的植物胶,阿拉伯树胶。
本发明的颗粒化碳酸钙组合物具有自由流动性和密实的沙状质地。优选的颗粒具有约0.9-约2.0g/cm3的平均堆积密度,采用Van Kel体积和堆积密度计测量。更优选的,所述颗粒化组合物的平均密度为约1.1-约2.0g/cm3。本发明最优选的颗粒组合物的平均密度为约1.3-约2.0g/cm3.
2、造粒方法。
本发明的另一个方面提供了制备高密度和高可压缩性颗粒组合物的方法。
本发明的造粒方法包括的步骤有:(1)在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中混合粉末状材料和任选添加的成分如赋形剂;和(2)在对流式烘箱中干燥得到的组合物。
该方法优选实施方案包括的步骤有:(1)在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中混合粉末化碳酸钙、麦芽糊精和任选添加的赋形剂;(2)向组合物中加水并混合;(3)向组合物中加油并混合;(4)在对流式烘箱中干燥得到的组合物。碳酸钙、麦芽糊精和油的量按上述比例确定。水的加入量优选为碳酸钙量的约5-约20重量%。然而,根据所需的密度和颗粒的质地,水的量可以更多或更少。在本发明的实施中,发现希望采用热水或蒸汽。在将水与碳酸钙混合前优选将水加热至约93℃或更高。在组合物与水混合后,组合物优选达到约45℃-约50℃的温度。
该方法更优选的实施方案包括的步骤有:(1)在能够产生高剪切力的混合器中将至少两种具有不同中值粒径分布的粉末化碳酸钙组合物按上述与麦芽糊精和任选添加的赋形剂混合;(2)在约200rpm-约300rpm的混合器速度下混合约60秒;(3)加入约5-约20重量%的量的热水,基于碳酸钙组合物的总量计;(4)混合约6分钟;(5)向组合物中加入油或油状材料并混合;和(6)在对流式烘箱中干燥得到的组合物。
虽然可以用本领域已知的任何方法来干燥所述颗粒化组合物,优选在对流式烘箱中干燥所述组合物。对流式烘箱的实例包括但不限于盘式干燥器、垂直流化床烘箱、水平流化床烘箱、喷雾干燥器和冲击干燥器。发现通过调节烘箱条件来产生含水量低于约1重量%的最终组合物是有用的。在本发明的优选实施方案中,将组合物在烘箱中加热至约50℃-约150℃。
应当认为,上述混合时间将随诸如待混合材料总量、混合器速度和叶轮片设计等因素而发生某种变化的。优化混合时间以实现得到的颗粒所需的质地和密度,这在本领域的技术范围之内。
设想能够提供高剪切的任何混合器都可用于该方法中,包括但不限于Hobart混合器和本领域中称作“高剪切”混合器的那些混合器。
应当认为,所述方法通常可应用于制备高密度和高可压缩性颗粒组合物,不只限于对上述配方的造粒。类似地,设想所述配方在应用于本领域已知的任何造粒方法中时,包括但不限于流化床造粒法,提供改进的颗粒化组合物。
所公开的颗粒可用于制备药物和营养片剂。本发明的片剂包括但不限于模制片、咀嚼片、小药丸、丸剂、研制剂、皮下埋入片、泡腾片、控制释放片和瞬释片。由本发明颗粒制备的片剂的密度比商购补钙片剂的密度高约20%-至少约35%。因此,由本发明颗粒制备的片剂的体积比商购补钙片剂的体积小约20%-至少约35%。
实施例I
采用本发明的方法由中值粒径为约6μm的碳酸钙制备了颗粒化碳酸钙组合物。该配方的成分列于表2中。
表2
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.
按表I中所示的量向Collette Gral Model 600高剪切混合器的滚筒中加入碳酸钙(OMYA-CAL FG-6AZ)和麦芽糊精(Maltrin M100)。以约200-约300rpm的混合器速度混合这些成分60秒。然后经水管向混合物中加入加热至约93℃的纯净水。混合该组合物直至从组合物中停止产生水蒸汽(约6分钟)。然后采用喷嘴通过经过混合器头部的管道进料将矿物油喷雾到组合物上。混合该组合物约1分钟。
然后降低混合罐将组合物收集到塑料袋中。然后,经转移漏斗将组合物倒入振动式给料器中,该给料器将物料沉积到传送带上。传送带将组合物传送到称量皮带上,其将组合物均匀地计量到Carriermodel QAD/C 1260S水平流化床对流式烘箱中。控制烘箱的温度以产生约100℃-约150℃的产物温度。离开烘箱末端的组合物的水分含量低于约1重量%。
采用18x18的U.S.筛网将干燥的组合物过筛并将筛落的颗粒收集为第一物料。收集残留在筛网上尺寸过大的颗粒并经由Crack-U-Lator滚动式制粒机输送以降低尺寸过大颗粒的尺寸。然后将从Crack-U-Lator放出的物料经由18 x 18 U.S.筛网输送并与第一物料相结合。
颗粒化的组合物是自由流动的并具有沙状质地。与粉末化的碳酸钙相比,该组合物具有改进的口感和降低的“白垩质感”。
采用Van Kel Bulk and Tap Density Gauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度大于或等于约1.1g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
实施例II
为进一步研究中值粒径对颗粒密度的影响,采用本发明的方法由中值粒径为约10μm的碳酸钙(OMYA-CAL FG-10AZ)制备了颗粒化组合物。该配方的成分列于表3中。
表3
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.
造粒方法与实施例1中描述的方法相同。
采用Van Kel Bulk and Tap Density Gauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度大于或等于约1.0g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
实施例III
采用本发明的方法由中值粒径为约15μm的碳酸钙(碳酸钙LLUSP 15,OMYA,Inc.)制备了颗粒化组合物。该配方的成分列于表4中。
表4
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.4Dow ChemicalCo.;5International Specialty Products,Inc.
造粒方法与实施例1中描述的方法相同。
采用Van Kel Bulk and Tap Density Gauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度大于或等于约1.0g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
实施例IV
本实施例说明了密度上的改进,这一改进是通过在本发明的方法中采用包含两种中值粒径不同的碳酸钙组合物的配方实现的。如表5中所示,所述组合物包含重量比为50:50的中值粒径为约15μm的碳酸钙(Cal Carb OC USP PDR)和中值粒径为约6μm的碳酸钙(OMYA-CAL FG-6AZ)。
表5
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.
造粒方法与实施例1中描述的方法相同。
采用Van Kel Bulk and Tap Density Gauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度大于或等于约1.1g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
实施例V
本实施例提供的颗粒化组合物包含重量比为70:30的中值粒径为约15μm的碳酸钙(Cal Carb OC USP PDR)和中值粒径为约4μm的碳酸钙(OMYA-CAL USP-4AZ)。
表6
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.
造粒方法与实施例1中描述的方法相同。
颗粒的体积密度为约0.9g/cm3。采用VanKel Bulk and Tap DensityGauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度大于或等于约1.1g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
实施例VI
本实施例提供的颗粒化组合物包含中值粒径为约10μm、具有中值附近的宽粒径分布的碳酸钙。
表7
1OMYA,Inc.;2Grain Processing Corp.;3Penreco.
造粒方法与实施例1中描述的方法相同,热水的量等于混合过程中加入的碳酸钙重量的约10重量%。
采用Van Kel Bulk and Tap Density Gauge测量得到的干燥颗粒的堆积密度。碳酸钙颗粒的堆积密度为约1.25-1.31g/cm3。含有600mg由该颗粒制备的碳酸钙的片剂的体积比商购的600mg 片剂小约20%。
通过前面对优选实施方案的描述描述了本发明,应当认为在不背离以下权利要求阐述的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,熟练的技术人员可以对这些实施方案做出改良和变化。
Claims (25)
1.一种用于制备药物或营养片剂的颗粒化组合物,所述颗粒化组合物包含粘合剂和中值粒径为0.1-20μm的碳酸钙粉末,其堆积密度为0.9-2.0g/cm3。
2.权利要求1的颗粒化组合物,其中所述组合物的堆积密度为1.1-2.0g/cm3。
3.权利要求1的颗粒化组合物,其中所述粘合剂是麦芽糊精。
4.权利要求1的颗粒化组合物,其中所述碳酸钙粉末中值粒径为1-15μm。
5.权利要求1的颗粒化组合物,其中所述碳酸钙粉末中值粒径为10-12μm。
6.一种用于制备药物或营养片剂的颗粒化组合物,包含:
i.中值粒径为10-25μm的第一碳酸钙粉末;
ii.中值粒径为0.1-10μm的第二碳酸钙粉末;和
iii.粘合剂;
其中所述颗粒化组合物堆积密度为0.9-2.0g/cm3。
7.权利要求6的颗粒化组合物,其中所述第一碳酸钙粉末占所述颗粒化组合物的60-80重量%,所述第二碳酸钙粉末占所述颗粒化组合物的20-40重量%。
8.权利要求6的颗粒化组合物,其中所述第一碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为12-17μm,所述第二碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为1-5μm。
9.权利要求6的颗粒化组合物,其中所述第一碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为15μm,所述第二碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为4μm。
10.一种用于制备药物或营养片剂的颗粒化组合物,包含:
i.中值粒径为10-25μm的第一碳酸钙粉末;
ii.中值粒径为1-10μm的第二碳酸钙粉末;
iii.中值粒径为0.1-1μm的第三碳酸钙粉末;和
iv.粘合剂;
其中所述颗粒化组合物堆积密度为0.9-2.0g/cm3。
11.权利要求10的颗粒化组合物,其中所述粘合剂是麦芽糊精。
12.权利要求10的颗粒化组合物,其中所述组合物堆积密度为1.1-2.0g/cm3。
13.权利要求10-12中任意一项的颗粒化组合物,其中所述第一碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为12-17μm,所述第二碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为1-5μm;所述第三碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为0.5-1μm。
14.权利要求10或11的颗粒化组合物,其中所述第一碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为15μm,所述第二碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为10μm;所述第三碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为0.7μm。
15.一种包含压制的颗粒化组合物的片剂,所述颗粒化组合物包含粘合剂和中值粒径为0.1-20μm的碳酸钙粉末,其中所述颗粒化组合物的堆积密度为0.9-2.0g/cm3。
16.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为1μm或更小。
17.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为3-4μm。
18.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为6μm。
19.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为10-12μm。
20.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为15μm。
21.权利要求15的片剂,其中所述粘合剂是麦芽糊精。
22.一种造粒方法,包括的步骤有:(1)在高剪切力混合器中混合用于制备药物或营养片剂的颗粒组合物,所述颗粒组合物包含(i)中值粒径为0.1-20μm的碳酸钙粉末;(ii)粘合剂;和(iii)水;和
(2)在流化床烘箱中干燥该组合物;
来制得堆积密度为0.9-2.0g/cm3的碳酸钙颗粒。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中所述碳酸钙粉末的中值粒径为10-12μm。
24.权利要求22的方法,其中所述流化床烘箱是水平流化床烘箱。
25.权利要求22的造粒方法,其中所述粘合剂是麦芽糊精。
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- 2004-07-14 CN CN200910166764A patent/CN101623272A/zh active Pending
- 2004-07-14 JP JP2006521872A patent/JP4742037B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2004-07-14 WO PCT/US2004/022500 patent/WO2005011570A2/en active Application Filing
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2006
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- 2006-10-25 US US11/552,901 patent/US8440236B2/en active Active
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2007
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- 2007-07-04 IL IL184419A patent/IL184419A0/en unknown
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2009
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2011
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2012
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2013
- 2013-01-30 US US13/754,019 patent/US8603544B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-01-30 US US13/753,984 patent/US8663706B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-01-30 US US13/753,935 patent/US8617619B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-01-31 US US13/755,077 patent/US8609140B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2014
- 2014-01-15 US US14/155,893 patent/US8883223B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-09-19 US US14/491,271 patent/US8993002B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2015
- 2015-02-23 US US14/628,363 patent/US9333176B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2016
- 2016-05-09 US US15/149,982 patent/US9993434B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2018
- 2018-05-11 US US15/977,755 patent/US20180303758A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102067997A (zh) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-25 | 胡志彤 | 高密度碳酸钙颗粒 |
CN102067997B (zh) * | 2009-11-25 | 2013-08-21 | 上海诺成药业股份有限公司 | 高密度碳酸钙颗粒 |
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