CN100521970C - 食品 - Google Patents
食品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100521970C CN100521970C CNB038246538A CN03824653A CN100521970C CN 100521970 C CN100521970 C CN 100521970C CN B038246538 A CNB038246538 A CN B038246538A CN 03824653 A CN03824653 A CN 03824653A CN 100521970 C CN100521970 C CN 100521970C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combination product
- product
- carbohydrate
- food
- food combination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013066 combination product Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 229940127555 combination product Drugs 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于与可饮用的液体混合的干燥食品组合产品,所述产品含有脂肪,碳水化合物,蛋白质,膳食纤维,维生素和矿物质以及微量元素,且所述食品组合产品意欲替代完整的膳食。对所述食品组合产品的上述成份的相对含量进行选择,以使摄入所述食品组合产品可以为消费者提供稳定的血糖浓度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及干燥的食品组合产品,用于与可饮用的液体混合,所述产品含有脂肪,碳水化合物,蛋白质,维生素和矿物质,上述成份来源于包括水果,蔬菜,植物,奶制品,鸡蛋和其它蛋白质来源,以及胶态水源(colloidal water sources)的多种食品组,得到意欲替代完整膳食的生理上均衡的食品组合产品。
背景技术
虽然长期以来,营养学家和科学家以及普通大众已经认识到了均衡饮食的重要性,维持健康的饮食是现代社会中一个不仅仅持续,而且不断增长的问题。对于今天日益加速的生活步调,普通人越来越难以寻找时间来准备能够保证每日摄入人体必需营养的膳食。缺少时间造成许多人转而选择快餐或者甚至忽略例如早餐等完整的重要膳食,所述快餐通常是油腻的和营养不足的。
选择食品成份时产生了进一步的问题。虽然普通大众已经深深认识到,日常膳食中应该包括必须营养成份,日常生活中常常难于估计组成膳食的不同成分的营养价值。由于已知不同食品成份相互反应,膳食的总营养效果更难估测。
已经显示,已经吸收的食物对血糖浓度的影响对人体的健康至关重要。当食用食物后,食物被消化并吸收入血液,可以检测到血糖浓度相应升高。不均衡的饮食通常包括碳水化合物,当碳水化合物转化为葡萄糖时,可以导致迅速的胰岛素应答。所谓的胰岛素峰(insulinspikes)导致葡萄糖和随后的脂肪迅速储藏于细胞内,由此引起机体内储藏不必要的能量。因此,第一餐之后,血液中的血糖浓度由于相应的胰岛素迅速响应而显著降低,机体发出需要更多葡萄糖的信号并感觉到饥饿,疲劳,注意力不集中等。由于直接需要增加血糖浓度,导致对高糖含量食物的渴求,当再次供给葡萄糖时,再次开始一个新的血糖浓度剧烈波动的循环。这些血糖浓度的迅速波动导致消费者心情上的起伏,使消费者形成不断进食的习惯,这种习惯为控制体重带来问题,并且还会增加心脏和血液系统的脂肪。
另外,值得注意的是,并非所有食物都被证明具有长期饱足效果以满足饥饿感。由于饥饿的消费者努力平衡血糖浓度,因为难于选择能够提供延长时间的饱足感的食物而又产生了进一步的问题。
维持血液中平稳的胰岛素浓度更为重要,血液中胰岛素浓度升高与组织效率的降低有关,比如说胰岛素耐受性。已知这种情况对一些重要且常见的疾病有副作用,例如糖尿病,高血压,动脉硬化和高血脂和肥胖。
为了补偿日常饮食的不足,市场上有大量食品补充物。这些食品补充物的目的是为消费者提供日常剂量的必需食品营养物,通常认为食用普通食品时缺少这些必需食品营养物。通常,消费者用机体必需的矿物质和维生素补充不完全的日常饮食。另外,一些人使用不同的补充物,以完善他们的身体健康状况,例如用于塑造肌肉的产品。
然而,这种获得相对于机体需要的完整膳食的过程与某些缺点相关联。通常,估算一餐中的营养量是很复杂的。如前所述,某些食品成份相互作用,以至于整体膳食中的营养值实际上可能与各单独成份营养值的总和不同。当加入食品补充物时,这种估测变得更加难以计算。
此外,为消费者提供一些意欲替代完整膳食的食品产品。然而,这些产品很少含有可以在延长的时间内应用的所有必需成份。这些产品中的大多数实际上仅仅在达到特定目的时才能使用,例如,各种减肥产品,用于塑造肌肉的产品,和用于患各种疾病的患者的营养液。由于意欲短时期使用,这些产品更加注重于解决眼前的问题,因此并不适合作为或并不需要作为常规饮食的替代品。而且,大量市场上的膳食替代产品的组成无法对人体系统产生均衡的健康效果,特别是维持稳定而恒定的血糖浓度。
如上所述显而易见,需要一种可以为使用者提供完整均衡膳食的食品组合产品,包括所有机体必需的食品成份,所述食品组合产品可以方便地使用,且可以替代一天中至少一次常规膳食。还希望可以提供一种食品组合产品,可以使用更长时期,且不会引起人体中特定成份的缺少或过多。本发明的进一步目标是,提供一种对人体系统特别是对血糖浓度有益的食品组合产品,且所述产品在餐后产生更长时间的饱足感。另外,还希望提供一种便宜且容易生产的食品组合产品。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种食品组合产品,所述产品意欲替代至少一次完整膳食。而且,所述食品组合产品可以充分消除与现有技术中已知的食品组合产品相关的缺陷。
根据本发明可与可饮用液体混合的干燥食品组合产品,主要由于以下事实而产生区别,所述食品组合产品含有所有可方便得到的必需食物成份,其中选择所述食品组合产品的脂肪,碳水化合物,蛋白质,维生素和矿物质成份的相对含量,以使摄入所述食品组合产品可以为消费者提供稳定的血糖浓度。所述食品组合产品的碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的重量比优选是0.8-2.0:1:0.1-.0.4,更优选的重量比是0.8-2.0:1:0.1-0.3,其中碳水化合物选自具有低血糖指数的食物组。碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的重量比更优选为0.8-1.5:1:0.1-0.3,且最优选为0.7-1.3:1:0.1-0.3。进一步,碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的重量比可以是1.2-1.8:1:0.1-0.3,0.8-2.0:1:0.15-0.25,1.0-1.9:1:0.15-0.25.所述脂肪,碳水化合物,蛋白质,维生素和矿物质得自多种食品组,包括水果,蔬菜,植物,奶制品,鸡蛋和其它蛋白质源,以及胶态水源,得到生理上均衡的意欲替代完整膳食的食品组合产品。
血糖指数(GI)是消耗特定食物后血液中葡萄糖浓度升高程度的测量值。这里,低血糖指数(GI)指GI值在0-60之间的食物。可以使用两种不同的基准计算血糖指数(GI),也就是说,既可以使用白面包作为基准,也可以使用葡萄糖作为基准。测量本发明的食品组合产品时,使用葡萄糖作为基准。为了估算一餐后的总体血糖效应,引入“血糖负荷”(GL)(GI×饮食中碳水化合物含量)的概念。当GI与相应碳水化合物的量进行比较,提供碳水化合物的定量测量,而不是定性测量,GL值提供各种食物真实部分大小的血糖效应(realisticportion sizes of different foods)。GL值与GI值相似,测量血糖的升高和随后血流中胰岛素的分泌,但是涉及一份食物中可供碳水化合物的量(参见Foster-Powell K.,Holt SH.,Brand-Miller JC.,Am.J.Clin.Nutr.76:5-56,2002).
根据本发明一个优选实施方式,碳水化合物得自豆科植物,优选黄豌豆,和蔷薇科植物,优选苹果和野玫瑰果,其中所述豆科植物和蔷薇科植物有助于为食品组合产品提供有利的低GL值。然而,碳水化合物选自其它具有低血糖指数的植物也落在本发明的范围之内。此外,可以用梨,桃,李子或类似物代替苹果和野玫瑰果,所有这些都是具有低血糖指数的蔷薇科植物。在本发明另一优选的实施方式中,食品组合产品总含量的至少15%得自黄豌豆,至少10%得自苹果,和至少5%得自野玫瑰果。上述成份的含量优选黄豌豆不超过30%,苹果不超过25%,野玫瑰果不超过15%,以维持碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪之间重要的均衡。一项由本发明人进行的关于一种含有葡萄属植物的食品组合产品的研究表明,含有葡萄属植物显著增加整体食品组合产品的GL值。
另外,所述组合产品还被证明在餐后具有更长时期的饱足感,这种效果对防范饥饿的感觉至关重要。正如先前一项研究所公开的(HoltSH.,Miller JC.,Petocz.,Farmakalids E.,Eur.J.Clin.Nutr.49(9):675-690,1995),各种食物在饱足感能力上差异巨大。由于一些上述研究提及的原因,本发明的食品组合产品提供所述饱足效果。由于脂肪食物并不令人满意,所述食品组合产品的低脂肪含量被证实是有利的,包括例如鸡蛋和苹果的食物也是如此,如上述文章所述,两者都有高饱足指数。而且,本发明的食品组合产品中某些重要成份具有均衡的比例,例如蛋白质,纤维和水的含量。上述研究显示所述成份对所述饱足感具有积极效果。
已经令人惊奇地证明,食品组合产品中碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的相互关系对维持整个机体系统的均衡至关重要,也就是,避免机体系统中营养缺乏和过剩。当机体处于均衡状态,摄入的营养和能量足以维持组织需要,而且进入和排出机体的营养和能量是相等的。当为消费者提供一份本发明的食品组合产品时,上述关系进一步为消费者提供相当于完整膳食的一定量的各种成份。在本发明的一个实施方式中,碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪以10-20%全蛋,4-15%蛋白,10-25%乳清,15-30%黄豌豆,10-25%苹果,和5-15%野玫瑰果的形式有利的存在。
本发明的进一步目标是,提供均衡的如上所述的食品组合产品,以使整体膳食的GL值小于20,优选小于10。如前所述,碳水化合物通过人体的消化系统代谢成为葡萄糖。直到18世纪中期,人们通常认为碳水化合物的大小对于血糖响应起主要作用。现在,已知相同的碳水化合物由于在食物中以不同的形式存在,可以引发不同的血糖响应(参见例如 I.,Lijeberg H.,Granfeldt Y.,kerberg A.,Scand.J.Nutr./ Vol.40:38-42,1996)。最近,“血糖指数”(GI)取代了与含有的糖的大小有关的术语“快速”和“慢速”碳水化合物。高GI值表示血糖迅速增加,低GI值表示葡萄糖吸收率延迟;也就是,GI值低的碳水化合物的消化和吸收更慢。由于血糖浓度维持在平稳的水平,可以更长时期地防范饥饿感,同时避免对富含碳水化合物的食物的不必要和不健康的渴求。由此,具有所述GL值的食品组合产品避免了上述问题,所述GL值是低GI值和可利用的碳水化合物的量的乘积。然而,食品组合产品除了具有低GL值外,为了避免饥饿感,所述产品的饱足感也同样重要。
然而,虽然不同来源的碳水化合物相对应于各自的GI值,每种碳水化合物的GI值相加并不能决定食物的GI值。GI值受到许多因素的影响,例如,碳水化合物的生化结构,高直链淀粉/支链淀粉比,高程度天然淀粉,抗营养物质的存在,所述抗营养物质具有抑制直链淀粉,以及脂肪,纤维和蛋白质共消化的能力。试图组成一种为消费者提供具有低血糖指数的总体组成的膳食时,产生一个问题。由于许多因素对血糖指数的影响,可能很难组成可以避免血糖浓度波动的均衡膳食。
如上所述,获得低GL食品组合产品的一个重要因素是各种成份的共消化。正如实施例2显示,当具有如上所述的碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的重量比时,本发明的食品组合产品显示了希望得到的葡萄糖吸收率。
而且,如上所述,碳水化合物来源的选择是获得低GL食品组合产品的另一个重要因素。因此,要选择具有低GI值的碳水化合物。根据本发明一个实施方式,食品组合产品的组成含有如上所述的黄豌豆,苹果和野玫瑰果,所有这些含有低GI值的碳水化合物。本发明人发现,当含有具有平均GI值的食物时,也就是GI值在60-90之间,整体食品组合产品的GL值显著高于只含有低GI值碳水化合物的组成。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,碳水化合物分解后为人体提供包括葡萄糖,蔗糖,果糖,麦芽糖和乳糖的简单糖(simple sugar)。各种糖有利地以下述百分比存在,2.1-2.5%,优选大约2.3%葡萄糖,1.8-2。2%,优选大约2.0%蔗糖,4.0-4.8%,优选大约4.4%果糖,<0.03-0.05%优选大约<0.04%麦芽糖,和12.9-15.7%,优选大约14.3%乳糖。
然而,在本发明的范围之内,还可以改变不同类型糖的含量。在本发明的一个实施方式中,食品组合产品是低乳糖含量或完全不含乳糖的,以适合对此类产品的需求。低乳糖产品适用于不耐受小剂量牛奶,因而不耐受乳糖的人群。值得注意的是,方便饮用的产品------当一份含有18g粉末的食品组合产品与至少20cl水混合时------给出的乳糖含量小于每份1%,这样就被认为是低乳糖含量。
在本发明一个实施方式中,所述食品组合产品包含生理剂量的膳食纤维,也就是7-12%,优选大约8.4%.一餐的GL受纤维含量的影响,这是由于纤维含量高可以帮助降低血糖指数。纤维不被消化,但是由于能使肠正常工作是必需的。本发明食品组合产品的高纤维含量对增进蠕动性(肠蠕动)是有利的,并由此增强消费者有效利用食物的能力。另外,纤维帮助消除细胞中的毒素,并由此被认为减少血液系统中的胆固醇含量。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述食品组合产品的脂肪包括必需脂肪酸,其Ω-3与Ω-6脂肪酸的比为1:0.5~1:3.0,更优选1:0.8~1:2.0,且最优选为1:1.0~1:1.3。恰当的均衡对于维持正常的细胞功能和其它功能意义重大。由于典型的西方饮食含有的Ω-6脂肪酸远远多于Ω-3脂肪酸,许多膳食缺少必需量的希望得到的脂肪酸,且所述脂肪酸之间没有适当的均衡。所述产品的脂肪组成进一步适合对饱和脂肪酸,和单-不饱和脂肪酸,二-不饱和脂肪酸,三-不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的需求。所述脂肪优选含有25-40%,更优选28-35%,最优选大约29-33%饱和脂肪酸,优选30-45%,更优选32-39%,最优选大约33-37%单不饱和脂肪酸,和优选15-35%,更优选25-35%,最优选大约29-33%二-不饱和脂肪酸和三-不饱和脂肪酸。多不饱和脂肪酸存在的量优选为3.0-3.6%.由此最优化三种主要脂肪酸之间的均衡。适当均衡的膳食中的脂肪含量是很重要的;脂肪含有重要的脂溶性维生素和人体不能产生的必需脂肪酸。优选脂肪酸选自肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,棕榈油酸,十七烷酸,硬脂酸,油酸,亚油酸,α-亚油酸,花生酸,二十碳二烯酸,二十二烷酸,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),二十碳五烯酸(EPA)。然而,本发明并不限制于上述脂肪酸。也可以选择其它在本发明范围之内的脂肪酸。另外,对二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的浓度进行最优化,其含量为总脂肪的1.9-2.3%,优选大约2.1%.胆固醇也以一定量存在,以适应机体的需求。优选地,食品组合产品的脂肪主要得自全蛋。
为了达到优选的饱和脂肪,单不饱和脂肪以及多不饱和脂肪之间的均衡,食品组合产品中的全蛋成份由特别喂养的小鸡提供,以使全蛋产品所含的Ω-3与Ω-6脂肪酸之间均衡,其比为1:0.7-1.5.
所述食品组合产品各成份之间均衡,以提供每份包装小于75kcal能量的完整膳食,更优选小于70kcal,且最优选小于68kcal,且相应于每100g干燥食品组合产品混合粉末提供小于425kcal能量,更优选小于400kcal,且最优选小于385kcal。术语“份”这里指一个包装的溶于可饮用液体中的干燥食品组合产品。
此外,所述食品组合产品还是一种极好的蛋白质来源(每100g干燥食品合物产品中30-45g蛋白质,更优选35-40g,且最优选37-39g),从而含有所有20种氨基酸,包括生理剂量的8种必需氨基酸。所述氨基酸得自例如乳清,黄豌豆蛋白,蛋白和全蛋等合适的来源。本发明食品组合产品被设计为可以保证日常的蛋白质和必需氨基酸供应。进一步,对蛋白质的含量进行设计,以使所述食品组合产品的组成提供积极的氮平衡,从而促进水的排泄,内脏脂肪的利用和保持瘦体重。
需要维生素之间适当均衡,以使食物转化为能量,维护机体,并且保持机体的机能。因此,所述食品组合产品含有生理剂量的维生素A,B,C,D,和E,其中维生素C和E作为重要的抗氧化剂。
另外,本发明的食品组合产品含有生理剂量的必需矿物质和微量元素;铁(Fe),锌(Zn),钙(Ca),磷(P),镁(Mg),铜(Cu),锰(Mn),铬(Cr),硒(Se),硅(Si),钾(K),和钠(Na),其中钾的含量高,钠的含量低。矿物质对机体的代谢过程非常重要。它们作为主要机体过程的催化剂,其中它们以相互关连的方式起作用。机体缺少矿物质可以导致机体作用不足,矿物质过多可以导致机体作用紊乱,因此矿物质的量及其之间的均衡至关重要。
所述产品的pH值在5.8-6.2范围之内,且以类似缓冲剂的形式起作用,因此对G.E.R.D(胃食管返流疾病)和非溃疡消化不良患者具有积极效果。
为了适应谷蛋白不耐受症患者的需要,所述食品组合产品是不含谷蛋白的。
由于需要可以方便食用的均衡膳食,所述食品组合产品优选以干燥粉末的形式预先包装于单独的包装袋,净干重优选为15-20g,更优选17-19g,且最优选大约18g。所述干燥粉末可方便地溶于可饮用的液体中,优选是水,且可以被立即饮用。可以由此避免由于时间紧迫而错过进餐,例如早餐,或食用快餐或小吃,且可以维持健康的生活方式。为了代替早餐,取决于个人需要,优选食用一袋或两袋。适合给儿童提供一袋作为早餐,而成人需要一至两袋。为了得到相当于一次晚餐的摄入营养,男性应该食用至多4袋,而女性应食用至多3袋。每份包装含有7g蛋白质,然而,食用所述产品的包装份数不应该多于相应于每日每千克体重摄入0.75g蛋白质。在25℃和40℃,所述干燥粉末,特别是脂肪酸被证明对降解稳定至少3个月。当与消费者需要从较大量包装的干燥粉末中分出一部分比较时,预先包装的食品组合产品还可以防止暴露于空气和水分并防止随后的氧化。
所述产品还可以与可饮用的液体混合,例如牛奶,果汁等。当所述食品组合产品与果汁混合时,碳水化合物的含量增加,为需要更多碳水化合物的消费者提供更高能量含量的膳食,例如正在成长的儿童。这种情况下,碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪之间的重量比优选1.0-2.0:1:0.1-0.3,更优选1.2-1.8:1:0.1-0.3,且最优选1.4-1.6:1:0.1-0.3。
另外,可以生产棒状形式的所述食品组合产品,由此为消费者提供方便包装形式的一份或多份食品组合产品,这样便于食用。可以用该领域任意已知的方法生产所述棒状食品。
所述食品组合产品可以用作每日食品消耗的唯一营养来源,或可以用于代替一天中的一餐或多餐。作为一种膳食代替品,本发明的食品组合产品为消费者提供便宜的膳食,可以降低食物和附加补充食物的费用。
本发明食品组合产品的营养物质得自动物和植物来源,因此可以均衡地提供包括必需氨基酸的所有氨基酸,脂肪酸和慢速碳水化合物,所述营养成份促使形成低血糖指数。所述产品中不添加人工甜味剂,防腐剂,调味料,染料或增稠剂。
而且,所述食品组合产品的一个优点是以类胰岛素的方式起作用。所述产品还被证明提供稳定的血糖浓度,以防止胰岛素峰(insulinspike)。另外,所有人的基础胰岛素浓度都降低了,胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的长期(基础胰岛素浓度)和短期(胰岛素峰insulin spike)胰岛素需求都显著减少。
下面,将参考下述实施例,对本发明进行更加详细的描述,其中实施例1描述一种本发明食品组合产品的食物组成,实施例2说明食用本发明食品组合产品后对血糖浓度的影响。
实施例1:本发明一个实施方案中食品组合产品的成份,其中各成份以每100g或每千克干燥食品组合产品中含有的克数表示。脂肪酸的组成以百分比表示。
g/100g g/18g
每份
蛋白质N*6.25 38.3g/100g 38.3 6.89
水分 5.9g/100g 5.9 1.06
灰分 4.8g/100g 4.8 0.86
脂肪 9.1g/100g 9.1 1.64
计算得到的碳水化合物 33.5g/100g 33.5 6·03
膳食纤维 8.4g/100g 8.4 1.51
100.0 18.00
能量KJ 1557.3KJ/100g 1557 280
能量kcal 372.2kcal/100g 372 67
碳水化合物组成
葡萄糖 2.3g/100g 2.3 0.41
蔗糖 2.0g/100g 2.0 0.36
果糖 4.4g/100g 4.4 0.79
麦芽糖 <0.04g/100g <0.04 <0.0072
乳糖 14.3g/100g 14.3 2.57
总碳水化合物 33.5 33.5 6.03
氨基酸组成
色氨酸(BCR) 4.2g/kg 0.4 0.08
胱氨酸 6.4g/kg 0.6 0.12
甲硫氨酸 7.0g/kg 0.7 0.13
天冬氨酸 42.9g/kg 4.3 0.77
苏氨酸 16.0g/kg 1.6 0.29
丝氨酸 21.6g/kg 2.2 0.39
谷氨酸 59.8g/kg 6.0 1.08
脯氨酸 15.8g/kg 1.6 0.28
甘氨酸 14.6g/kg 1.5 0.26
丙氨酸 18.2g/kg 1.8 0.33
缬氨酸 22.7g/kg 2.3 0.41
异亮氨酸 19.9g/kg 2.0 0.36
亮氨酸 30.9g/kg 3.1 0.56
酪氨酸 13.2g/kg 1.3 0.24
苯丙氨酸 19.4g/kg 1.9 0.35
组氨酸 9.8g/kg 1.0 0.18
鸟氨酸 <0.1g/kg <0.01 <0.0018
赖氨酸 27.1g/kg 2.7 0.49
精氨酸 27.4g/kg 2.7 0.49
羟脯氨酸 <0.1g/kg <0.01 <0.0018
总和 376.9g/kg 37.7 6.78
脂肪酸组成 %合计9.1g/100g
肉豆蔻酸C 14 0.5 0.05 0.008
棕榈酸C 16 21.7 1.97 0.355
棕榈油酸C 16:1(单不饱和) 2.7 0.25 0.044
十七烷酸C 17 0.2 0.02 0.003
硬脂酸C 18 8.5 0.77 0.139
油酸C 18:1(单不饱和) 32.1 2.92 0.526
Ω3/6(二,三和四不饱和)
亚油酸C 18:2-6 18.1 1.65 0.296
α-亚油酸C 18:3-3 12.5 1.14 0.205
二十碳二烯酸C 20:4-6 0.9 0.08 0.015
EPA C 20:5-3 0.3 0.03 0.005
二十二烷酸C 22:5-3 0.3 0.03 0.005
DHA C 22:6-3 1.8 0.16 0.029
总脂肪酸 99.6 9.06 1.631
胆固醇 260mg/100g 0.26 0.05
氨 3.7g/kg 0.37 0.07
矿物质 mg/100g mg/18g
钠Na 570mg/100g 0.6 0.10
铁Fe 5mg/100g 5.0 0.90
锌Zn 1.9mg/100g 1.9 0.34
钙Ca 250mg/100g 250.0 45.00
磷P 470mg/100g 470.0 84.60
镁Mg 110mg/100g 110.0 19.80
钾K 870mg/100g 870.0 156.60
铜Cu 0.25mg/100g 0.3 0.05
锰Mn 1.6mg/100g 1.6 0.29
铬Cr 0.07mg/kg 0.7 0.13
硒Se 0.14mg/kg 1.4 0.25
硅Si 14000mg/100g 14000.0 2520.00
mg/100g mg/18g
视黄醇,维生素A 3300IE/100g 3300 594
维生素D3 <1ug/100g <0.001 <0.0002
dl-α-生育酚,维生素E 8mg/100g 8.0 1.44
盐酸硫胺素B1-HCl 0.14mg/100g 0.1 0.03
尼克酸B3 0.6mg/100g 0.6 0.11
盐酸吡哆醇,维生素B6 0.2mg/100g 0.2 0.04
叶酸Bc/M 72ug/100g 0.1 0.01
维生素B12 1.2ug/100g 0.001 0.0002
β胡萝卜素 0.61mg/100g 0.6 0.11
抗坏血酸,维生素C 100mg/100g 100.0 18.00
每一袋(18g)所述食品组合产品为消费者提供大约7g蛋白质,大约6g碳水化合物,大约1.6g脂肪,和67kcal能量。
实施例2:实施例1中的食品组合产品以B-葡萄糖(Hemocue,),S-胰岛素(Klinisk Kemiska Laboratoriet,MAS),和P-葡萄糖(Klinisk Kemiska Laboratoriet,Universitetssjukhuset inLund)为基准进行分析。对标准葡萄糖和一种改变碳水化合物组成的食品组合产品进行相似的分析。同一个测试人员,男性,体重为80kg,在4种不同情况下进行测试。每次测试前,测量空腹葡萄糖值。然后在食用所述组合产品后30,60,90,和120分钟进行测量。计算一餐的血糖指数,其中含有158g溶于大约8dl水的所述食品组合产品,相当于大约4袋所述组合产品,并且计算含有158g溶于大约6dl水的所述食品组合产品的血糖指数。所得数据用图表表示,葡萄糖浓度为Y坐标,时间为X坐标。然后计算血糖曲线下的面积。用相同的过程处理对照品,其中含有溶于3dl水的50g葡萄糖。将每条血糖曲线下的面积进行比较,血糖指数以百分比表示。
关于本发明食品组合产品的研究的结果为,计算得到的GL值分别为4和8。这种GL值意味着食用所述量的本发明组合产品引起血糖分别增加4%和8%,与食用相当于所述产品的葡萄糖量一样。这种低GL值显示本发明对血糖浓度的积极作用。相似地,由于显示血糖曲线有一段是平坦的,提供的食品组合产品对已经消化的碳水化合物具有可控的和延迟的吸收率。整个研究过程中还显示低的S-胰岛素浓度值。
用含有平均GI值碳水化合物的食品组合产品进行比较研究,其中所述食品组合产品选自包括葡萄属植物的组,特别是GI值为61的葡萄。通常,所述研究用同样的食品组合产品添加大约总量10%的葡萄进行,同时相应减少野玫瑰果和黄豌豆,并如上进行测量。研究的结果是GL值为24.4,显著高于本发明的食品组合产品。这种升高的值显示更快的葡萄糖吸收,和如上所述的更不利的吸收模式。升高的B-葡萄糖和P-葡萄糖峰后有不利的S-胰岛素峰,也说明所述不利的吸收模式。
表1给出上述测量得到的数据。B-葡萄糖和P-葡萄糖的值以mmol/l为单位,且S-胰岛素的值以mlE/l为单位。
表1
1(I)用158g本发明食品组合产品进行的第1次试验。
2(II)用158g本发明食品组合产品进行的第2次试验。
3(glu)用50g参比葡萄糖进行的试验。
4(alt)用50g本发明改变的食品组合产品进行的试验。
对实施例1中本发明食品组合产品进行的进一步测量惊人地显示:额外摄入所述食品组合产品后GL的升高值小于摄入相当于所述产品含有的碳水化合物后的量后预期的GL升高值。也就是说,通常增加摄入一定量碳水化合物显示相应的血糖增加,与摄入量成比例。然而,与额外摄入一定量食品组合产品比较,本发明的食品组合产品有利地显示较少的血糖升高。
不受以下理论解释的任何限制,第一次摄入一定量所述产品和第二次摄入一定量所述产品后,为何进一步食用额外量的所述食品组合产品显示更稳定的血糖浓度,人们可能认为食品组合产品的组成是均衡的,以使各种成份以代谢上最完善的形式相互作用。然而,这种理论并没有发展完善,因此并不应该被认为与本发明结合。
表2给出了测量得到的数据。葡萄糖和食品组合产品的值以mmol/l为单位,使用上述过程进行测量。
PAUC(=曲线下的正面积)
1A用50g葡萄糖进行的试验。
2A用22.9g葡萄糖进行的试验。
3A用72g食品组合产品进行的试验。
4A用18g食品组合产品进行的试验。
Claims (22)
1.一种干燥的食品组合产品,含有脂肪,碳水化合物,蛋白质,维生素和矿物质,其特征在于
-所述产品中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的重量比为0.8-2.0:1:0.1-0.4,其中碳水化合物选自具有低血糖指数的食物组;
-所述产品是均衡的,以使总的膳食的GL值小于20;和
-所述食品组合产品中含有全蛋,其Ω-3和Ω-6脂肪酸的比为1:0.7-1.5。
2.权利要求1所述的产品,其特征在于所述产品中碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的重量比为0.8-2.0:1:0.1-0.3,其中碳水化合物选自具有低血糖指数的食物组。
3.上述任一项权利要求所述的产品,其特征在于碳水化合物来自豆科植物和蔷薇科植物。
4.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于总含量的至少15%得自黄豌豆,至少10%得自苹果,和至少5%得自野玫瑰果。
5.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于所述产品是均衡的,以使总膳食的GL值小于10。
6.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于碳水化合物以简单糖的形式存在,所述简单糖选自葡萄糖,蔗糖,果糖,麦芽糖和乳糖。
7.权利要求6所述的产品,其特征在于糖的含量为2.1-2.5%葡萄糖,1.8-2.2%蔗糖,4.0-4.8%果糖,<0.04%麦芽糖,和12.9-15.7%乳糖。
8.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于干燥的食品组合产品是低乳糖含量或完全不含乳糖的。
9.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于它含有7-12%的膳食纤维。
10.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于脂肪包括必需脂肪酸,其Ω-3和Ω-6脂肪酸的比是1:0.5-1:3.0。
11.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于所述脂肪酸含有25-40%饱和脂肪酸,30-45%单不饱和脂肪酸,和15-35%二不饱和脂肪酸和三不饱和脂肪酸。
12.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于对二十二碳六烯酸的浓度和二十碳五烯酸的浓度进行最优化,使其为总脂肪的1.9-2.3%。
13.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于它含有包括8种必需氨基酸在内的所有20种氨基酸。
14.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于它含有维生素A,B,C,D和E,和必需矿物质铁(Fe),锌(Zn),钙(Ca),磷(P),镁(Mg),铜(Cu),锰(Mn),铬(Cr),硒(Se),硅(Si),钾(K),和钠(Na),其中在生理剂量中钾的含量高,钠的含量低。
15.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于pH范围为5.8-6.2。
16.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于它不含谷蛋白。
17.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于它不含人工甜味剂,防腐剂,调味料,染料或增稠剂。
18.权利要求1或2所述的产品,其特征在于所述食品组合产品每份中含有小于75kcal,且相当于每100g所述干燥食品组合产品混合粉末中含有小于425kcal。
19.一种单份包装,其特征在于它含有上述任意一项权利要求所述的食品组合产品。
20.一种液体,其特征在于它含有权利要求1-18任意一项所述的食品组合产品。
21.一种棒状物,其特征在于它含有权利要求1-18任意一项所述的食品组合产品。
22.一种食品,其特征在于它含有权利要求1-18任意一项所述的食品组合产品。
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CN1310948A (zh) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-05 | 胡海洋 | 多功能健康营养液餐 |
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WO2004017764A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
JP2005536215A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
US20040265360A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
HUE048833T2 (hu) | 2020-08-28 |
AU2003253199A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
EP1531689A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
SE0202529L (sv) | 2004-02-27 |
SE526943C2 (sv) | 2005-11-22 |
CA2497085A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1531689B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
DK1531689T3 (da) | 2020-03-09 |
ES2785985T3 (es) | 2020-10-08 |
SE0202529D0 (sv) | 2002-08-26 |
CA2497085C (en) | 2013-06-25 |
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