CN100513016C - 制造硬质合金粉末混合物的方法 - Google Patents

制造硬质合金粉末混合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN100513016C
CN100513016C CNB200610094159XA CN200610094159A CN100513016C CN 100513016 C CN100513016 C CN 100513016C CN B200610094159X A CNB200610094159X A CN B200610094159XA CN 200610094159 A CN200610094159 A CN 200610094159A CN 100513016 C CN100513016 C CN 100513016C
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阿利斯泰尔·格雷亚尔森
乔纳森·费尔
里卡德·桑德贝里
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    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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    • C22C1/051Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C29/00Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造硬质合金粉末的方法,其中将形成硬质成分的粉末和形成粘结相的粉末与压制剂一起进行湿研磨,然后干燥获得的浆状物,优选通过喷雾干燥的方法进行干燥,将获得的坯体压成需要的形状并进行烧结。使用1-3wt%的压制剂与下述成分:≤90wt%的PEG和≥10wt%的C≥20的长链脂肪酸及其酯和盐,特别是芥酸和/或山嵛酸,能够获得这样的硬质合金粉末,其在18%收缩率内的预定称重下具有降低的成型压力。本发明还涉及具有低的成型压力的硬质合金粉末。

Description

制造硬质合金粉末混合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及利用低的成型压力制造硬质合金粉末的方法,特别是制造亚微米级和纳米级粉末的方法。
背景技术
通过将形成硬质组分的粉末、形成粘结相的粉末和压制剂湿研磨成浆状物,通常利用喷雾干燥的方法来干燥浆状物,利用工具压制将干燥的粉末压制成具有所需形状的坯体,最后进行烧结,从而制造硬质合金,压制剂一般为PEG,聚乙二醇。在烧结过程中,坯体大概线性地收缩16—20%。收缩率取决于将粉末压制成粉末以制造生坯过程中获得的理论密度的百分率(%)(=压坯密度),而压坯密度又取决于成型压力、WC晶粒尺寸、晶粒尺寸的分布、Co含量和压制剂。制造压制工具的成本高并且因而制造例如18%的标准收缩率的压制工具的成本也昂贵。通过向压紧物施加足够的成型压力以给出需要的压坯密度,能够获得收缩率。极为重要的是烧结坯体的尺寸尽可能接近需要的尺寸,以便避免昂贵的后续烧结操作,例如研磨。然而,如果晶粒的尺寸很细小,例如一个亚微米或更小,就需要更高的成型压力以获得必要的收缩量。在工业上,人们想到提高晶粒尺寸减小的碳化物粉末内部的内摩擦会引起更高的压制抵抗力。由于存在产生压制缺陷的危险,例如压制坯体内的裂纹或孔、压制工具的不正常磨损、甚至包括产生人身伤害的压制工具故障的危险,所以高的成型压力是不合需要的。而且,如果将成型压力保持在一定的合乎需要并且实用的范围内,会促进对烧结部分的尺寸控制。
长期以来,工业上已知脂肪酸及其盐和酯具有润滑性能。有时脂肪酸及其盐和酯的碳链长度是其特点。油酸和硬脂酸都是18碳链等效物,经常被称为C-18,芥酸和山嵛酸具有自然产生的脂肪酸中最长的碳链之一(C-22)。
EP-A-1043413中公开一种降低亚微米级硬质合金的成型压力的方法。该方法由将WC之外的所有成分预先混和大约三个小时、添加WC粉末和然后最后研磨大约十个小时构成。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种在制造细小晶粒的硬质合金时降低压制压力的方法。
根据本发明的方法,通过将形成硬质组分的粉末和形成粘结相的粉末与特别的压制剂一起进行湿研磨,然后干燥获得的浆状物,优选通过喷雾干燥的方法进行干燥,而形成具有良好流动性能的团块。
已经惊喜地发现,通过使用1—3wt%的压制剂与下述成分:<=90wt%的PEG和>=10wt%的C≥20的长链脂肪酸及其酯和盐,优选为90到60wt%、最优选为90—65wt%的PEG和优选为10—40wt%、最优选为10—35wt%的脂肪酸及其酯和盐,能够获得这样的硬质合金粉末,其在18%收缩率内的预定称重下具有降低的成型压力。
在一个实施例中,使用饱和、多不饱和以及特别是单不饱和的脂肪酸,以及在其它的实施例中使用二元酸、两个酸组和长链脂肪酸。
在优选实施例中,所述脂肪酸为芥酸和/或山嵛酸(behenic acid)。
本发明的方法能够应用到任何的硬质合金成分中,但是优选用于包括WC和2—20wt%的粘结相的硬质合金中,粘结相通常是钴,但是也可能带有合金添加剂,例如镍或铁,优选为6—12wt%的具有晶粒生长抑制剂的粘结剂,特别是<1wt%的Cr和<1wt%的V。优选地,WC的平均晶粒尺寸在0.1-1.0μm的范围内,优选为0.2-0.6μm,而且实质上没有晶粒尺寸>1.5μm的WC。
本发明还涉及具有低成型压力的可压(ready-to-press)硬质合金粉末,其含有1—3wt%的压制剂和下述成分:<=90wt%的PEG和>=10wt%的C≥20的长链脂肪酸及其酯和盐,优选为90—60wt%、最优选为90—65wt%的PEG和优选为10—40wt%、最优选为10—35wt%的脂肪酸及其酯和盐。芥酸和/或山嵛酸是优选的脂肪酸。硬质合金粉末具有下述成分,包括WC和2—20wt%的粘结剂,粘结剂通常是钴,但也可能还具有合金添加剂,例如镍或铁,优选是带有晶粒生长抑制剂的6—12wt%的粘结剂,特别是<1wt%的Cr和<1wt%的V。WC晶粒优选具有范围在0.1—1.0μm范围内的平均晶粒尺寸,优选为0.2-0.6μm,而且实质上没有晶粒尺寸>1.5μm的WC。
具体实施方式
实施例1
根据本发明,利用PEG和芥酸的不同混合物制造亚微米级硬质合金混合物,其成分为10wt%的钴、小于1wt%的铬和余量的0.4μm的碳化钨(WC)粉末,每种混合物达到粉末重量的+2wt%。在乙醇等溶液中进行研磨。
测量烧结收缩率为18%的压制压力:
PEG(wt%)     芥酸(wt%)       18%收缩率压力(Mpa)
2.0           0                135   现有技术
1.9           0.1              118   本发明最大限度
1.8           0.2              98    本发明
1.6           0.4              78    本发明
1.5           0.5              79    本发明。
对于这种晶粒尺寸的WC,一个优化的交换是用0.4wt%的PEG代替芥酸,实现压制压力减小42%,而获得18%的收缩率。
实施例2
根据本发明,利用与实施例1的成分相同的成分制造亚微米级硬质合金粉末混合物,除了采用更细小的0.2μm WC之外。并且仍然在乙醇中进行研磨。测试PEG和其它脂肪酸的不同混合物,每种混合物达到粉末重量的+1.5和+2.0wt%之间。在这些非常细的碳化物粉末中,要压制出PS21测试试样,实现19%的目标收缩率(即,>190Mpa),恒定的最大压力载荷4000kg是不够的。因此,对于每个变量(小范围),测试两个样品的压制高度和收缩率。
使用下列压制剂:
PEG(wt%)    脂肪酸      压制的样品       收缩率
             wt%        高度,mm         %
2.0          —          7.34             23.4
1.5          0.5油酸     7.22             23.0
1.5          0.5硬脂酸   7.22             23.1
1.5          0.5芥酸     7.15             22.8
1.5          0.5山嵛酸   7.15             22.8
1.5          —          7.29             23.3
1.0          0.5芥酸     6.92             21.9
1.0          0.7芥酸     6.81             21.4
0.5          1.0芥酸     6.67             20.9
—           1.5芥酸     6.59             20.7。
发现,对于压制0.2微米的碳化物粉末,较长碳链(>或=C20)的脂肪酸作为润滑剂最有效,不用PEG仅用这种脂肪酸就最为有效。但是,PEG对压制品提供更好的压坯强度,为此,可能还需要保留一些PEG。
实施例3
根据本发明,制造硬质合金粉末,其成分为7.0wt%的钴、<1.0wt%的铬、<1.0wt%的钒和余量的0.3μm的WC粉末。测试或者与1.5wt%的PEG混和或者与1.0wt%的PEG+0.5wt%的芥酸混和的两个变量:
PEG(wt%)  芥酸(wt%) 压制压力(Mpa)  收缩率(%)
1.5        —         >190           20.7
1.0        0.5        93             20.1本发明。

Claims (22)

1.一种利用低的成型压力制造硬质合金粉末的方法,其特征在于,采用1—3wt%的压制剂和下列成分:
<=90wt%的聚乙二醇和>=10wt%的C≥20的长链脂肪酸及其酯和盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸为饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸为芥酸或山嵛酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用二元的并且具有两个酸组的长链脂肪酸。
5.根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉末除了包含WC之外,还包含2—20wt%的粘结剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为钴。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂还具有合金添加剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合金添加剂为镍或铁。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉末包含带有晶粒生长抑制剂的6—12wt%的粘结剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述晶粒生长抑制剂是<1wt%的Cr和<1wt%的V。
11.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,WC晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸在0.1—1.0μm的范围内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,WC晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸在0.2—0.6μm的范围内。
13.一种具有低的成型压力的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述粉末含有1—3wt%的压制剂和下述成分:<=90wt%的聚乙二醇和>=10wt%的C≥20的长链脂肪酸及其酯和盐。
14.根据权利要求13所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸为芥酸和/或山嵛酸。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述粉末除了包含WC之外,还包含2—20wt%的粘结剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为钴。
17.根据权利要求15所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述粘结剂还具有合金添加剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述合金添加剂为镍或铁。
19.根据权利要求15所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述粉末包含带有晶粒生长抑制剂的6—12wt%的粘结剂。
20.根据权利要求19所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,所述晶粒生长抑制剂是<1wt%的Cr和<1wt%的V。
21.根据权利要求15所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,WC晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸在0.1—1.0μm的范围内。
22.根据权利要求21所述的可压硬质合金粉末,其特征在于,WC晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸在0.2—0.6μm的范围内。
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IL176537A (en) 2010-04-15
US20070006678A1 (en) 2007-01-11
ATE484604T1 (de) 2010-10-15
SE0501488L (sv) 2006-12-28
DE602006017471D1 (de) 2010-11-25
KR20070000362A (ko) 2007-01-02
JP2007084916A (ja) 2007-04-05
IL176537A0 (en) 2006-10-05
KR101335795B1 (ko) 2013-12-02
US7387658B2 (en) 2008-06-17
CN1891378A (zh) 2007-01-10
SE529705C2 (sv) 2007-10-30
EP1739197A1 (en) 2007-01-03

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