US3410684A - Powder metallurgy - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3410684A US3410684A US644088A US64408867A US3410684A US 3410684 A US3410684 A US 3410684A US 644088 A US644088 A US 644088A US 64408867 A US64408867 A US 64408867A US 3410684 A US3410684 A US 3410684A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- fatty acid
- metal
- acid
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/10—Inert gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the green briquette Prior to sintering, the green briquette is placed under reduced pressure and heated to remove the fatty acid and wax components, thereby avoiding dissociation of these materials at sintering temperatures into substances which react with the powder metal to adversely affect the chemical and physical properties of the desired product. The green briquette is then sintered after removal of the fatty acid and wax.
- the present invention relates to porous metal objects and to a process for their manufacture involving the compacting 'and sintering of powder metal.
- Porous sintered metal articles such as bearings have long been known and have found wide acceptance due to their lubricating effectiveness when impregnated with a lubricant such as oil.
- porous aluminum bearings are finding increasing use due to their excellent heat conductivity, low weight and strength. Accordingly, the balance of the discussion of this invention will be with respect to the manufacture of sintered aluminum and aluminum alloy metal, although it will be appreciated that the invention is applicable to other metal systems such as bronze and copper.
- porous sintered aluminum is an excellent material from which to fabricate bearings
- the bearing performance is largely dependent upon the quantity of oil or other lubricant which can be incorporated into the bearing and the ease with which the lubricant can move to the load bearing surfaces.
- the oil absorption and flow is primarily a function of the density of the metal bearing, and it is known that high density bearings, that is, those formed at higher compacting pressures, generally are shorter lived than those formed at lower pressure since they are less porous, contain less oil and offer fewer oil flow paths. Accordingly, certain manufacturers engaged in the powder metal bearing art attempt to provide a highly porous sintered metal bearing by using a very low compacting pressure to briquette the powder metal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved porous metal object by the metallurgical techniques involving compacting and sintering of powder metal.
- a further object is to provide an improved method of making low density sintered metal objects which overcorres prior difficulties and which is simple and effective.
- a particular object of this invention is to provide a method of preliminary compacting, without the use of high pressures, aluminum metal powder briquettes which are adapted to being worked by conventional processes.
- This inve tion is based on my discovery of certain agents which enable the production of strong, cohesive green powder metal briquettes through the use of low compacting pressures and, if high compacting pressure is employed, eliminate the need for metal oxide reduction to provide suitable porosity and lubricant absorption properties.
- the foregoing results are achieved by first blending the powder metal, prior to compacting, with a fatty acid and a Wax so as to form a mixture of powder metal, fatty acid and wax and then compacting the mixture into a green briquette of the desired configuration.
- the green briquette is then vacuum heated to remove the fatty acid and wax components prior to sintering of the briquette. It is essential that substantially all of the fatty acid and wax be removed so as to prevent their dissociation and reaction at sintering temperatures with the metal powder, since such reaction has been found to seriously adversely effect the chemical and physical properties of the end product.
- the green briquette is sintered and treated to produce the desired result.
- the aluminous metal powders which can be employed in this invention may be of the flake or atomized type and the selection of the form of powder and particle size is dependent upon the use and performance requirements of the end product. While a wide variation in particle size is permissible, the particles should not be larger than will pass through a 35 mesh screen (Tyler Sieve Series). In general, it is desirable to utilize powders of a fine mesh size as in the range of 200, 325 mesh and mixtures of different sizes, as is well known in the art, are frequently advantageous in securing certain properties.
- the metal powder can consist of low purity aluminum, for example 99 percent, up to the highest purity obtainable, or particles of aluminum base alloys such as are formed by dissolving the alloying metal in molten aluminum, or a mixture of aluminum and the desired alloying elements such as zinc, copper, manganese, tin, lead and magnesium and silicon which are 'commonly employed in the aluminum-alloy art.
- Excellent aluminum based bearings have been produced in accordance with this invention from an elemental alloy mixture consisting of, based on weight, 25% copper, 15% tin, 4 lead, 01.5% magnesium and the remainder aluminum.
- aluminum bearings should contain from about 75 to 95 weight percent of aluminum, the remainder essentially being an alloy material. However, where extremely small particle sizes are employed, for example 400 mesh, the aluminum content of the bearing can be as low as 50 weight percent.
- the metal powder Prior to preparing the initial green briquette, the metal powder is blended with a fatty acid and a wax.
- the fatty acid component should contain at least about 12 carbon atoms and can be either saturated or unsaturated.
- the fatty acid contains from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures of such acids can be used.
- suitable acids include, lauric acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, tridecanoic, stearic acid, oleic acid, brassidic acid, arachidic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, linolenic acid, elaidic acid, eleostearic acid, lichemic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and petroselenic acid.
- the commercially available flake or powdered form of these acids can be used in this invention.
- the quantity of acid needed in the process of this invention is dictated by the configuration and metal composition of the green briquette and that the suitable amount for any given application can be determined by routine experimentation by one of skill in the art. In general, good results have been obtained when the mixture to be compacted contains from about 0.2 to 2 weight percent of the fatty acid.
- a suitable wax for use in this invention act as a good binder for the metal powder so as to provide substantial cohesive strength in the green briquette and that it be volatilizable at a temperature not exceeding about 345 C.
- Naturally occurring animal and vegetable waxes as well as synthetic waxes which have a melting point up to about 150 C. have been found to meet these requirements.
- Representative of waxes which can be employed in this invention are the ester reaction products of high molecular weight fatty acids, such acids having from about 12 to 34 carbon atoms, with compounds containing at least one active hydrogen atom.
- active hydrogen atom refers to hydrogen which, because of its position in the molecule, displays activity according to the Zerewitinoff test as described by Kohler in I. Am.
- the active hydrogen atoms are generally attached to oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur such as OH, SH, NH, NH CONH CONHR where R represents an organic radical, SO OH, SO NH or CSNH and may be part of aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or mixed type compounds.
- R represents an organic radical, SO OH, SO NH or CSNH and may be part of aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or mixed type compounds.
- Typical of many active hydrogen containing organic compounds which are useful are alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, n-octadecyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol and myricyl alcohol, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
- Other representative compounds include nonoethanolamine, sulfonilamide, propylenediamine and ethylenediamine.
- the wax is an ester reaction product of a fatty acid having from about 12 to 34 carbon atoms and an alcohol having one or two hydroxyl groups.
- examples of such materials are: carnauba wax having a melting point of about 87 C. and which is a mixture of the esters of the normal alcohols and fat acids having even numbers of carbon atoms from 24 to 34; beeswax which has a melting point of 60-82 C. and whose composition resembles a carnauba wax except it is mainly composed of 25 and 28 carbon atom acids and alcohols; and spermaceti which is mainly cetyl palmitate and which melts at 4247 C.
- the method by which the powdered metal is mixed with the fatty acid and wax components is not material provided that a substantially uniform mixture is obtained.
- any form of mixing can be employed, such as hand mixing or any of the mechanical methods for uniformly mixing powdered materials.
- the mixture of powder metal, fatty acid and wax is compacted into a green briquette.
- Briquettes having a high degree of firmness and cohesiveness have been formed without the need of external heating through the use of relatively low compacting pressures in the range 2 to 10 tons per square inch. Higher pressures can be employed if desired. Since this invention permits the use of relatively low compacting pressures, such pressures can be exerted by conventional and rather simple means and thus obviate the need for special dies or presses and high pressure equipment. This represents a considerable economy in the production of powder compacts.
- the green briquettes Prior to heating the green briquette to sintering temperature, it is necessary that substantially all of the fatty acid and wax components of the briquette be removed since it was found that these components disassociated at temperatures above about 345 C. into constituents which adversely affect the chemical and physical properties of the sintered product. Accordingly, after briquetting, the green briquettes are supported on trays and placed in a vacuum chamber which is then evacuated, for example to a partial pressure of about 50 to 200 microns. After the chamber has been evacuated to the desired vacuum, or with the start of the evacuation step, heat is then applied to the chamber to raise the temperature of the green briquettes to an elevated temperature above the melting point of the wax but not exceeding about 345 C.
- a gas preferably an inert gas
- a gas is bled into the chamber and into direct contact with the briquettes so as to sweep the volatized fatty acid and wax components from the chamber. Bleeding of the gas into the chamber will cause the pressure in the chamber to rise, and it has been found that to insure essentially complete removal of the fatty acid and wax from the briquettes, that is, at least about percent removal, the chamber should be kept at a partial pressure not exceeding about 3500 microns. In the practice of this invention excellent results have been obtained when chamber pressure was in the range of about 200 to 3500 microns and preferably from about 500 to 1500 microns.
- the sweep gas should be bled into the chamber at a rate sufiicient to remove the volatized fatty acid and wax components from the vicinity of the briquettes and to prevent back diffusion of these components.
- a sweep gas flow rate in the range of about 1000 to 1500 cubic centimeters (c.c.) per minute per briquette at a chamber pressure of 1000 microns.
- a flow rate in the range of 10,000 to 15,000 cc. per minute would be used.
- the sweep gas provides the desired results of a more uniform heating of the briquette and it has been found that any non-oxidizing gas can be used.
- any non-oxidizing gas can be used.
- the preferred sweep gases for use in this invention are the inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, helium and the like.
- the rate at which the briquettes are initially heated to volatizc the fatty acid and wax is not critical and it will be understood that the briquettes can be placed in a chamber which is cool and the chamber then brought up to elevated temperatures, or they can be placed directly into a chamber which is already at an elevated temperature.
- the briquettes should be heated for a suflicient time to'permit essentially complete volatization of the fatty acid and wax and this can be easily determined by analysis of the sweep gas coming from the chamber. For example, in producing aluminum bearings by this invention, it was found that the fatty acid and wax were completely volatized in the minute period required to heat the briquettes to a temperature of approximately 320 C.
- the briquettes are heated to a suitable sintering temperature, generally above 500 C., which is determined primarily by the composition of the green briquette.
- a suitable sintering temperature generally above 500 C., which is determined primarily by the composition of the green briquette.
- the sintering is accomplished by merely increasing the temperature in the chamber while continuing to employ a sweep gas and partial vacuum.
- the sintering operation does not require the use of a sweep gas and partial vacuum and these conditions need not be employed.
- the green briquettes upon removal of the fatty acid and wax components can be transferred to another furnace for sintering.
- the sintered metal articles are impregnated with oil as by immersing them in oil in a vacuum chamber. The chamber is then evacuated until air no longer flows out of the bearings and the chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure so as to allow oil to fill the bearing. The bearing is then coined.
- the aluminum had an apparent density of 1.1-1.3 gms./cc., a chemical purity of 99.5% minimum and average particle diameter of 22-26 microns; the magnesium had an apparent density of 0.5-0.6 gms./ cc. and a chemical purity of 99.8%; the copper had an apparent density of 0.9-1.1 gms./cc. and a chemical purity of 99.4% minimum; the tin had an apparent density of 2.50-3.60 gms./cc. and a chemical purity of 99.5% minimum; and the lead had an apparent density of 4.75-5.75 gms./cc. and a chemical purity of 99.5% minimum.
- EXAMPLE II This example illustrates the preparation, using the materials defined in Example I, of porous aluminum bearings of the following composition:
- a 200 pound mixture of the above composition was prepared by adding 1.5 pounds of stearic acid powder to 7.5 pounds of aluminum powder to form a first mixture. This mixture was then stirred to form a uniform blend and passed through a 40 mesh screen into a storage container.
- the stearic acid which was used had a sieve analysis of 99.5% through 30 mesh, through mesh; a titer of 147-148 R; an acid value of 198-203; an iodine value of 64-65; and was a stearic acid palmitic acid mixture containing about 83% stearic acid.
- a second mixture was pre pared by adding 0.5 pound of ethylene distearamide to 5 pounds of aluminum powder. These first and second mixtures were then added to 181.15 pounds of aluminum powder along with 8.0 pounds of copper, 4.0 pounds of lead, 5.35 pounds of tin and 1.5 pounds of magnesium. This mixture was then blended for 30 minutes so as to provide for uniform distribution and had a density of approximately 1.3 gm./ cc. After blending, the mixture was placed into a die and compacted at a pressure of approximately 4 tons per square inch into green briquettes. No external heating was used during compaction and the briquettes had a density of about 2.25 gm./cc.
- the briquettes were then placed loosely into a basket which was then placed on removal shelves of a vacuum retort. Each basket contained approximately 40 briquettes and 14 baskets were arranged in the retort. Vacuum pumps were then started to produce a partial vacuum or pressure in the retort of about 85 microns. Nitrogen was then bled into the chamber and the pressure in the retort rose to about 600 microns. Simultaneously with the start of the nitrogen flow a furnace was lowered about the retort and the briquettes are brought to a temperature of about 315 C. in about 20 minutes.
- a method of producing porous metal objects by the sintering of powdered metal which comprises blending a powdered metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum and metal .alloying mixture and aluminum base alloys with a fatty acid having at least about 12 carbon atoms and a wax having a melting point not exceeding about 150 C.
- the fatty acid has from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms and wherein the wax comprises an ester produced by the interreaction of a fatty acid and a compound containing at least one active hydrogen atom.
- fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and mixtures of the foregoing.
- the method of claim 1 for producing a bearing which comprises forming a mixture comprising a powdered metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum and metal alloying mixture, and aluminum base alloys, a fatty acid having from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms and a wax having a melting point not exceeding about 150 'C., said mixture containing about 75 to 95 weight percent of aluminum metal, about 0.1 to 1 weight percent of wax and from about 0.2 to 2 weight percent of fatty acid, compacting said mixture and placing the green compact in a chamber, evacuating said chamber to a partial pressure of from about 200 to 3500 microns and heating the green compact to a maximum temperature of about 345 C., and simultaneous with said heating bleeding an inert gas into the chamber in direct contact with the compact.
- the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and mixtures of the foregoing
- the wax is selected from the group consisting of an ester produced by the interreaction of a fatty acid having from 12 to 34 carbon atoms with an alcohol having a maximum of two hydroxyl groups, amides of fatty acids having from 12 to 34 carbon atoms, and mixtures of the foregoing.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US644088A US3410684A (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1967-06-07 | Powder metallurgy |
DE19681758417 DE1758417C (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1968-05-28 | Process for the production of a porous sintered body and application of this process to certain starting mixtures |
GB27288/68A GB1173709A (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1968-06-07 | Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Sintered Metal Objects. |
FR1568554D FR1568554A (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1968-06-07 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US644088A US3410684A (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1967-06-07 | Powder metallurgy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3410684A true US3410684A (en) | 1968-11-12 |
Family
ID=24583404
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US644088A Expired - Lifetime US3410684A (en) | 1967-06-07 | 1967-06-07 | Powder metallurgy |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3410684A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1568554A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1173709A (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4504441A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1985-03-12 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Method of preventing segregation of metal powders |
US4955798A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-09-11 | Nuova Merisinter S.P.A. | Process for pretreating metal in preparation for compacting operations |
US5122326A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1992-06-16 | Vacuum Industries Inc. | Method of removing binder material from shaped articles under vacuum pressure conditions |
US5232659A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1993-08-03 | Brown Sanford W | Method for alloying lithium with powdered aluminum |
WO1993022469A1 (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1993-11-11 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing novel binder/lubricants |
US5484469A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1996-01-16 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Method of making a sintered metal component and metal powder compositions therefor |
US5498276A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-12 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing green strengh enhancing lubricants |
US5590387A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1996-12-31 | H. C. Starck, Gmbh & Co, Kg | Method for producing metal and ceramic sintered bodies and coatings |
US6174493B1 (en) * | 1967-12-06 | 2001-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Porous beryllium |
US6235076B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2001-05-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Iron base powder mixture for powder metallurgy excellent in fluidity and moldability, method of production thereof, and method of production of molded article by using the iron base powder mixture |
US20050226760A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2005-10-13 | Rene Lindenau | Composition for the production of sintered molded parts |
EP1739197A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-03 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Method of making a cemented carbide powder mixture |
US20070025872A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Method of making a submicron cemented carbide powder mixture with low compacting pressure and the resulting powder |
US7237730B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2007-07-03 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Modular fuel nozzle and method of making |
US7543383B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2009-06-09 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Method for manufacturing of fuel nozzle floating collar |
DE102009013021A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-23 | Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh | Lubricants for powder metallurgy |
US20110168054A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | Dong-A Teaching Materials Co., Ltd. | Bar type clay for craft |
US8316541B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2012-11-27 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Combustor heat shield with integrated louver and method of manufacturing the same |
US9533353B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2017-01-03 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Lubricant system for use in powder metallurgy |
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US1873223A (en) * | 1929-11-13 | 1932-08-23 | Sherwood Patents Ltd | Porous metal and method of forming the same |
GB468518A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1937-07-07 | Accumulatoren Fabri Ag | Method of producing porous metal bodies |
US2122053A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1938-06-28 | Accumulatoren Fabrik Ag | Process of manufacturing porous metallic bodies |
US2276453A (en) * | 1939-07-14 | 1942-03-17 | Western Electric Co | Lubricant composition |
US2386544A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1945-10-09 | Henry L Crowley | Method of producing metallic bodies |
US2792302A (en) * | 1955-08-29 | 1957-05-14 | Connecticut Metals Inc | Process for making porous metallic bodies |
US2928733A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-03-15 | Purolator Products Inc | Sintering of metal elements |
GB855203A (en) * | 1956-07-25 | 1960-11-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Improvements in porous metallic membranes and method of manufacturing them |
US3001871A (en) * | 1957-05-03 | 1961-09-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Manufacture of microporous metallic tubes consisting mainly of nickel |
US3185566A (en) * | 1953-02-04 | 1965-05-25 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Methods of obtaining by heating sintered metallic pieces |
US3266893A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1966-08-16 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Method for manufacturing porous sinterable articles |
US3313622A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1967-04-11 | Poudres Metalliques Alliages Speciaux Ugine Carbone | Method of making porous metal tubes |
-
1967
- 1967-06-07 US US644088A patent/US3410684A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-06-07 GB GB27288/68A patent/GB1173709A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-07 FR FR1568554D patent/FR1568554A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (12)
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US1873223A (en) * | 1929-11-13 | 1932-08-23 | Sherwood Patents Ltd | Porous metal and method of forming the same |
GB468518A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1937-07-07 | Accumulatoren Fabri Ag | Method of producing porous metal bodies |
US2122053A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1938-06-28 | Accumulatoren Fabrik Ag | Process of manufacturing porous metallic bodies |
US2276453A (en) * | 1939-07-14 | 1942-03-17 | Western Electric Co | Lubricant composition |
US2386544A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1945-10-09 | Henry L Crowley | Method of producing metallic bodies |
US3185566A (en) * | 1953-02-04 | 1965-05-25 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Methods of obtaining by heating sintered metallic pieces |
US2792302A (en) * | 1955-08-29 | 1957-05-14 | Connecticut Metals Inc | Process for making porous metallic bodies |
GB855203A (en) * | 1956-07-25 | 1960-11-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Improvements in porous metallic membranes and method of manufacturing them |
US3001871A (en) * | 1957-05-03 | 1961-09-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Manufacture of microporous metallic tubes consisting mainly of nickel |
US2928733A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-03-15 | Purolator Products Inc | Sintering of metal elements |
US3313622A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1967-04-11 | Poudres Metalliques Alliages Speciaux Ugine Carbone | Method of making porous metal tubes |
US3266893A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1966-08-16 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Method for manufacturing porous sinterable articles |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6174493B1 (en) * | 1967-12-06 | 2001-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Porous beryllium |
US4504441A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1985-03-12 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Method of preventing segregation of metal powders |
US5122326A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1992-06-16 | Vacuum Industries Inc. | Method of removing binder material from shaped articles under vacuum pressure conditions |
US4955798A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-09-11 | Nuova Merisinter S.P.A. | Process for pretreating metal in preparation for compacting operations |
US5484469A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1996-01-16 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Method of making a sintered metal component and metal powder compositions therefor |
WO1993022469A1 (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1993-11-11 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing novel binder/lubricants |
US5290336A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-03-01 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing novel binder/lubricants |
US5232659A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1993-08-03 | Brown Sanford W | Method for alloying lithium with powdered aluminum |
US5590387A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1996-12-31 | H. C. Starck, Gmbh & Co, Kg | Method for producing metal and ceramic sintered bodies and coatings |
US5624631A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-04-29 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing green strength enhancing lubricants |
US5498276A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-12 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Iron-based powder compositions containing green strengh enhancing lubricants |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1173709A (en) | 1969-12-10 |
DE1758417B2 (en) | 1973-01-18 |
FR1568554A (en) | 1969-05-23 |
DE1758417A1 (en) | 1972-03-02 |
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