CN100502646C - Method for indoors artificial and intensive culture of clamworm - Google Patents
Method for indoors artificial and intensive culture of clamworm Download PDFInfo
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- CN100502646C CN100502646C CNB2007100114820A CN200710011482A CN100502646C CN 100502646 C CN100502646 C CN 100502646C CN B2007100114820 A CNB2007100114820 A CN B2007100114820A CN 200710011482 A CN200710011482 A CN 200710011482A CN 100502646 C CN100502646 C CN 100502646C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The prevent invention provides full artificial controlling culture environment a method for achieving high density intensive artificial culture of clamworm in indoors. This method is according to clamworm living characteristics to build culture pond, collocate sediment and rear with artificial diet, to make clamworm suit for culturing in indoors and without the limit of climatic environment, aquaculture production can be carried out throughout the year. To compare with existing clamworm culture mode, this method ensures high survival rate and high growth rate of clamworm seedlings. To adopt this method to culture clamworms, the survival rate reaches 70 percent to 90 percent, the weight of finished clamworm is 5 to 10 gram. The annual average yield of grub increases 2 to 3 gram, and supplying living clamworms for export the whole year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of clam worm, relate in particular to the indoors artificial intensive cultural method.
Background technology
Clam worm (Perineries aibuhitensis Grube) belongs to Annelida, polychaeta.Being the advantage Polychaeta of China's offshore beach, also is the higher high-quality Polychaeta animal of a kind of economic worth.Wherein, perinereis aibihitensis Grube, the multiple tooth clam worm outlet free on board of enclosing reach 18 U.S. dollar/kilograms.And the clam worm of Liaoning Area has higher reputation owing to characteristics such as it are individual greatly, water content is few, color is green in the clam worm outlet.In recent years, owing to excessively adopt and catch, it is exhausted that the clam worm natural resources is tending towards, and carries out propagating artificially of clam worm and can be the replenishing of China's Polychaeta clam worm resource, sustainable use and protection effective way is provided, thereby create good economic benefit and ecological benefits.
At present, China's nereis culture mode mainly comprises and utilizes river mouth, shrimp pond, beach to carry out aquaculture or raise together with intertidal shellfish.The soldier waits to have introduced carry out nereis culture (aquatic products section, 2007.3) in the seawater shrimps pond as Monday.Introduced in open beach and the Ruditapes philippinarum mixed breed.This breeding way has following deficiency:
(1) the present main mode of clam worm aquaculture still is the protection to natural resources.But because river mouth and beach belong to open natural environment, the clam worm growth is subjected to physioclimate and environmental limitations.
(2) seedling of clam worm comes from natural propagation, and marine environment is relied on greatly, and the actual survival rate of the clam worm young is lower.
(3) harmful organisms of clam worm is numerous, can't effectively prevent and treat harmful organisms in the natural environment.Particularly harmful organisms is huge to the survival rate harm of the clam worm young.
(4) clam worm of the clam worm unit are of shrimp pond and beach aquaculture yields poorly, and is subjected to climatic effect huge.Simultaneously, the present report that does not carry out about the artificial indoor intensive culture of clam worm.
In addition: the focus mostly on research of under experiment condition Polychaeta culture technique aspect of foreign literature, as: the matrix that the laboratory Polychaeta is cultivated is selected screening (Muller, 1962 of (Josephson and Flessa, 1972) and suitable feed; Goerke, 1971); In recent years, then be more common in the basic research of relevant Polychaeta reproductive biology aspect, as take place the history of life, gamete, breeding period reproductive cell biochemical composition (Porched etc., 1974; Pellerin-Massicotte etc., 1994; Hoeger etc., 1997), water temperature, illumination and endocrine system are to Polychaeta clam worm synchronism maturation and cyclostage influence (Golding, David W etc., 1984,1991; The research of aspect such as Olive etc., 1997).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of complete manually operated breeding environment, the method for propagating artificially in the intensification of the high density of indoor realization clam worm.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution, and the indoors artificial intensive cultural method that this invents described clam worm comprises and sets up indoor culture pond → throwing seedling → artificial feeding → adopt the basic step of catching, wherein:
1. the indoor culture pond is long 6～8 meters, and is wide 2～4 meters, high 0.5～1.0 meter; Be followed successively by substrate layer, sea water layer in the pond from bottom to top, substrate layer thickness 20～50cm, sea water layer thickness 30～50cm;
By mass percentage, substrate is made up of 40～70% sand and 30～60% silty sand, and wherein, the particle size range of sand is 0.063～2mm, and the particle size range of silty sand is 0.004～0.063mm;
The substrate layer material is before laying selected indoor culture pond, and preferably through disinfecting, disinfectant method is to soak 24 hours with 5～10ppm concentration chlorine dioxide sea water solution, cleans up with seawater then.
The principal character of the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm of the present invention 2. be that artificial feeding adopts little aeration to cooperate the method for the artificial feed of throwing something and feeding, change seawater every day 2 times, during each water filling according to 5～10% artificial feed of throwing something and feeding of culturing the clam worm body weight; According to mass percent, the artificial feed prescription is:
Fish meal 18%
Soya-bean cake 17%
Groundnut cake 15%
Colza cake 9%
Corn flour 16%
Seawood meal 20%
Bone meal 3%
Lysine 1%
Multivitamin 1%
In the practical operation, above-mentioned artificial feed need be made into pellet on chip with the commercial binder manual method, and adhesive commonly used is a sodium alginate, and its addition is 1～5% of a feeding quality.The artificial feed feeding method is: when changing behind the water heavily water filling, the limit adds the waterside and throws something and feeds at every turn.Feeding volume is 5～10% of a clam worm body weight.Usually change water and throw something and feed and need to select some clam worms to carry out body weight determination in advance immediately before the feed, estimate culturing in the pond clam worm body weight according to throwing the seedling amount again, and according to the feeding volume of this amount of estimating decision feed.
One of the embodiment in above described indoor culture pond is to adopt indoor cement pit as culturing the pond.
In the time of necessary, also need in breeding process, add the step of disease control, comprise the prevention and the improvement of disease:
1. prevention of damage by disease: in the artificial feed process for preparation, add antibiotic, threw something and fed continuously 5～7 days in the ratio of 10～20 mg/kg feeds; The antibiotic of preferred cephalosporins of wherein said antibiotic or penicillins;
2. disease management: when bacteriosis takes place on a large scale, be the penicillin solution full pool spilling head 5～7 days of 5～8ppm, and be that the bleaching liquid of 10～20ppm carries out disinfection, after 24 hours, eluriate clean comprehensively with fresh sand filter seawater with substrate concentration with concentration.
Indoors artificial intensive cultural method to clam worm of the present invention is further described, and should comprise the steps:
1. build the indoor culture pond, culture long 6～8 meters of pond, wide 2～4 meters, high 0.5～1.0 meter; Be followed successively by substrate layer, sea water layer in the pond from bottom to top, substrate layer thickness 20～50cm, sea water layer thickness 30～50cm;
2. the selection of substrate layer, sterilization: with the silty sand of the sand of particle size range 0.063～2mm and particle size range 0.004～0.063mm according to mass percent 40～70%: 30～60% form substrates; Substrate cleans up and lays into the breed pond with seawater after 24 hours with the chlorine dioxide sea water solution immersion of 5～1oppm;
3. throw in the clam worm seed, specification be 5～10 just saved/, density is 2000～10000 tails/M
2
4. little aeration is raised, and cultures the pond and changes water 2 times every day;
5. artifical compound feed is raised, when changing behind the water water filling again at every turn by clam worm body weight 5～10% feed of throwing something and feeding; According to mass percent, artificial feed are by fish meal 18%, soya-bean cake 17%, and groundnut cake 15%, colza cake 9%, corn flour 16%, seawood meal 20%, bone meal 3%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1% is formed;
6. raise the prevention of damage by disease in the process: in the artificial feed process for preparation,, threw something and fed continuously 5～7 days in the ratio adding antibiotic of 10～20 mg/kg feeds;
7. raise the disease management in the process: on a large scale when bacteriosis takes place, with concentration is the penicillin solution full pool spilling head 5～7 days of 5～8ppm, and be that the bleaching liquid of 10～20ppm carries out disinfection with substrate concentration, after 24 hours, eluriate clean with fresh sand filter seawater comprehensively.
The intensification artificial cultivating method of clam worm of the present invention is applicable to perinereis aibihitensis Grube, multiple toothly encloses clam worm, solely tooth encloses clam worm and flat tooth and encloses propagating artificially of multiple clam worm such as clam worm.
Compare with existing nereis culture mode, advantage of the present invention is:
(1) realized that a kind of clam worm total man worker cultures, carried out the substrate collocation, made clam worm be fit to the indoor culture environment according to a kind of clam worm life characteristic.Make nereis culture not be subjected to the weather environmental limitations, breeding production can be carried out the whole year.
(2) according to a kind of clam worm nutritional need, the artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding, the feed ingredient that is fit to the clam worm growth by artificial manufacturing carries out reasonably combined, promotes to propagate artificially the quick growth of clam worm.
(3) nereis culture survival rate height reaches 70～90%, can culture the whole year, and growth rate is fast.
After testing, the breed survival rate in 1 year of clam worm that the embodiment of the invention is cultured reaches 70～90%, and finished product clam worm body weight is 5～10g.The larva annual weightening finish 2-3g that cultured output is.And can provide clam worm alive for outlet the whole year.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment content of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1:
A. culture the pond in building, specification is: long 6～8 meters, and wide 2～4 meters, high 1.0 meters, substrate layer thickness 20～50cm at the bottom of the pond, seawater floor height 30～50cm;
B. substrate is commercially available construction sand with fine sand and silty sand, and the screen cloth sieving of via hole diameter 0.2～1mm obtains.Adopt sand to arrange in pairs or groups in 1: 1 ratio with husky.Its medium coarse sand (particle diameter 2～0.5mm): 15%; Medium sand (particle diameter 0.5～0.25mm): 25%; Fine sand (particle diameter 0.25～0.063mm): 10%, meal sand (particle diameter 0.063～0.016mm) 35%; Fine powder sand (particle diameter 0.016～0.004mm) 15%.Substrate thickness is 10～30cm.Substrate soaks sterilization in 24 hours with the ClO 2 solution of 5-10ppm, and the back 24 hours substrates of sterilizing clean up through seawater.
C. throw in the clam worm seed of artificial culture, specification is 0.2～1g/, and throwing seedling density is 2000～10000 tails/M
2
D. little aeration is raised.Roots blower is adopted in little inflation, and power is 2000 watts;
E. throw something and feed and make artificial feed by hand, day throws something and feeds 2 times, throws something and feeds by 5～10% of clam worm body weight in the pond at every turn, according to mass percent, these artificial feed are by fish meal 20%, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 10%, bone meal 3%, bean powder 18%, groundnut cake 17%, seawood meal 15%, corn flour 15%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1% is formed;
F. add cephalosporin and carry out the prevention of bacteriosis in artificial feed, additive capacity is 10～20 mg/kg feeds, throws something and feeds continuously 5～7 days.
After testing, the clam worm survival rate of breed reaches 70～90%, and finished product clam worm body weight is 5～10g.Larva annual weightening finish 2～3g that cultured output is.
Embodiment 2:
Other is with embodiment 1, if bacteriosis takes place on a large scale in the nereis culture process, the processing method of disease management is penicillin (5～8ppm) full pool spilling heads 5～7 days, and be that the bleaching liquid of 10～20ppm carries out disinfection with substrate concentration.After 24 hours, eluriate clean with fresh sand filter seawater comprehensively.
Claims (7)
1. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of a clam worm comprises and sets up indoor culture pond → throwing seedling → artificial feeding → adopt the basic step of catching, and it is characterized in that:
1. the indoor culture pond is long 6～8 meters, and is wide 2～4 meters, high 0.5～1.0 meter; Be followed successively by substrate layer, sea water layer in the pond from bottom to top, substrate layer thickness 20～50cm, sea water layer thickness 30～50cm;
By mass percentage, substrate is made up of 40～70% sand and 30～60% silty sand, and wherein, the particle size range of sand is 0.063～2mm, and the particle size range of silty sand is 0.004～0.063mm;
2. artificial feeding adopts little aeration to cooperate the method for the artificial feed of throwing something and feeding, and changes seawater every day 2 times, during each water filling according to 5～10% artificial feed of throwing something and feeding of culturing the clam worm body weight;
According to mass percent, the artificial feed prescription is:
Fish meal 18%
Soya-bean cake 17%
Groundnut cake 15%
Colza cake 9%
Corn flour 16%
Seawood meal 20%
Bone meal 3%
Lysine 1%
Multivitamin 1%
2. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 1 is characterized in that described indoor culture pond is a cement pit.
3. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described substrate layer material is before laying selected indoor culture pond, need through disinfecting, disinfectant method is to soak 24 hours with 5～10ppm concentration chlorine dioxide sea water solution, cleans up with seawater then.
4. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 1 is characterized in that described artificial feeding also comprises the step of disease control:
1. prevention of damage by disease: in the artificial feed process for preparation, add antibiotic, threw something and fed continuously 5～7 days in the ratio of 10～20 mg/kg feeds;
2. disease management: when bacteriosis takes place on a large scale, be the penicillin solution full pool spilling head 5～7 days of 5～8ppm, and be that the bleaching liquid of 10～20ppm carries out disinfection, after 24 hours, eluriate clean comprehensively with fresh sand filter seawater with substrate concentration with concentration.
5. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 4 is characterized in that described antibiotic is cephalosporins or penicillins.
6. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
1. build the indoor culture pond, culture long 6～8 meters of pond, wide 2～4 meters, high 0.5～1.0 meter; Be followed successively by substrate layer, sea water layer in the pond from bottom to top, substrate layer thickness 20～50cm, sea water layer thickness 30～50cm;
2. the selection of substrate layer, sterilization: form substrate according to mass percent 40～70%:30～60% with the sand of particle size range 0.063～2mm and the silty sand of particle size range 0.004～0.063mm; Substrate cleans up and lays into the breed pond with seawater after 24 hours with the chlorine dioxide sea water solution immersion of 5～10ppm;
3. throw in the clam worm seed, specification be 5～10 just saved/, density is 2000～10000 tails/M
2
4. little aeration is raised, and cultures the pond and changes water 2 times every day;
5. artifical compound feed is raised, when changing behind the water water filling again at every turn by clam worm body weight 5～10% feed of throwing something and feeding; According to mass percent, artificial feed are by fish meal 18%, soya-bean cake 17%, and groundnut cake 15%, colza cake 9%, corn flour 16%, seawood meal 20%, bone meal 3%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1% is formed;
6. raise the prevention of damage by disease in the process: in the artificial feed process for preparation,, threw something and fed continuously 5～7 days in the ratio adding antibiotic of 10～20 mg/kg feeds;
7. raise the disease management in the process: on a large scale when bacteriosis takes place, with concentration is the penicillin solution full pool spilling head 5～7 days of 5～8ppm, and be that the bleaching liquid of 10～20ppm carries out disinfection with substrate concentration, after 24 hours, eluriate clean with fresh sand filter seawater comprehensively.
7. the indoors artificial intensive cultural method of clam worm according to claim 1 is characterized in that the clam worm described in this method comprises perinereis aibihitensis Grube, multiple toothly encloses clam worm, solely tooth encloses clam worm and flat tooth encloses clam worm.
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| CNB2007100114820A CN100502646C (en) | 2007-05-28 | 2007-05-28 | Method for indoors artificial and intensive culture of clamworm |
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