CN100469198C - 具有加热层的面板元件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
具有钢化窗玻璃(2)的面板元件(1),它上面设置有总的表面导电涂层(3),这涂层用电极(7)加电压而加热,其中涂层的部分区域由分离线电分离。此面板元件的特征在于:涂层(3)的内表面区域由至少一条周边分离线(4)与涂层(3)的外部边缘区域(5)电分离;电极(7)安置在由分离线(4)围绕的表面区域内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种具有钢化窗玻璃的面板元件,此钢化窗玻璃上装备有全表面导电涂层,此涂层用电极加电压而加热,其中涂层的部分区域由分离线电分离。这种类型的加热涂层被铺在玻璃上,通常用来从用作透明窗玻璃的窗玻璃上除去水汽和冰层,以便人们可以容易地通过它进行观察。
背景技术
在文献DE-A1-40 11 541中披露了一些主要特征,它具有带电加热的报警钢化窗玻璃的形式。使用由激光束绘制的分离线,把此窗玻璃的导电加热涂层的部分区域与涂层的主要表面区域电分离。这部分区域被用作探测所涉及钢化窗玻璃破裂的传感器。而此破裂可能是嵌入多层窗玻璃或绝缘的玻璃门窗元件中。最好是使用层系(syst è mede couches),它能经得起高热负荷,而且可以在窗玻璃钢化之前就被沉积在窗玻璃的表面上。
文献DE-A1-36 44 297给出了几个使车辆挡风玻璃的加热涂层分开的例子。这些分开的区域可以由表面未涂层的一些部分来实现,和/或由机械方法或由激光束做成的切缝来实现。它们用来以适当的方式在涂层表面内建立和传导电流,而且必须保证在所涉及表面中有尽可能均匀的电流密度。
使这些加热层工作要求比较高的电压。必须提供可靠的电绝缘,特别是在所涉及窗玻璃的边缘,此窗玻璃在其整个表面上都可能有涂层的。
在另一种面板元件(DE-B-2 113 876)中,导电的加热涂层并不延伸到面板的边缘,为的是可以把绝缘玻璃门窗的间隔框直接粘合到窗玻璃(未涂层)的边缘地区,而不用采取特殊的预防措施。使为电极供电的导线穿过在此间隔框中的一些被密封的小孔。
大家都知道,可以用各种方法在基体上生产未涂层的部分,而其他地方这个基体则是完全涂层的。在涂层操作期间通过放置掩膜,开始时基体在覆盖区域保持空着。为了在基体的部分区域上除去涂层,可以重新用机械磨蚀、用化学方法或例如用激光束把涂层除去。
在由文献EP-A2-0 989 781所知道的面板元件中,以及在文献DE-U-299 23 417提议的解决方案中,延长到窗玻璃边缘的涂层由覆盖它的绝缘层遮掩着,使得至少与间隔框没有导电的连接。此外,间隔框可以由高电阻材料,例如,塑料组成。同样,有可能使用具有高电阻的粘合剂。在这些模型中,向电极供电的导线被引导在窗玻璃的涂层表面和间隔框之间,或穿过间隔框中的小孔。
文献DE-A1-196 44 004描述了汽车用多层窗玻璃,这些层包含有高分子薄膜,而它又配有隔热和导电的涂层,不过它对腐蚀是敏感的。用分离线使薄膜上涂层边缘的窄条带与涂层的主表面区域分离开来,以便防止从薄膜边缘开始的腐蚀作用传播到窗玻璃的视场中。使用激光束裁出分离线,使得在涂层中看不到它。调整激光束,使得它仅仅由涂层材料所吸收,只是在由所释放热量局部限定的窄的区域内才破坏涂层材料,而支承薄膜本身则完整无损。
发明内容
具有钢化窗玻璃的面板元件,该钢化窗玻璃上面设置有整体表面导电的加热涂层,所述加热涂层用电极加电压而加热,其中加热涂层的内表面区域由分离线电分离开,此面板元件的特征在于:该加热涂层的内表面区域由两条或者多条平行的周边分离线与该加热涂层的外部边缘区域电分离;电极安置在由周边分离线围绕的所述内表面区域内,加热涂层的电阻经过了调节,使得能用国家电网的电压工作,从而把所述国家电网电压加到两个电极上时预先确定的温度不被超过,使电极的连线与所述钢化窗玻璃相距一段距离,不与所述外部边缘区域相接触。
本发明的目的是提供一种面板元件,这种元件用加热层得到了进一步改善,它也,但不是唯一地,适合当作独立的,没有窗玻璃功能的加热面板元件。
按照本发明,这个目标是这样完成的:加热涂层的内表面区域在电学上是通过至少一条周边分离线与涂层的外部边缘区域分离开来,而且电极安置在由分离线围绕的表面区域内。其他优选实施例对这个目标提出了有利的改善。
在使用至少一条周边分离线来对涂层边缘区域严格意义上的加热范围进行分离的时候,首先要保证面板元件的边缘有可靠的电绝缘。在使用比较高的电压进行运作的情况下,还可以设置两条或多条平行的周边分离线。这主要是能让这样的加热面板元件在相应国家电网(例如110或230V)的电压下进行运作。
当然,还可以在按照本发明的面板元件上以本身已知的方式设置几条电流通路,用于必要时进行彼此独立的连接,以便能按要求分阶段地接通或断开加热功率。
电流通路的长度和宽度,以及所用层系的表面导电性(单位表面积的欧姆(ohms)数),都是面板元件所吸收电功率和加热功率的决定性条件。根据相应可利用的或预先决定的供电电压,可以在宽的限度内,通过电流通路的设计来调节不同的加热功率,对于这些加热功率来说,最高允许温度也将取决于所完成面板元件的使用领域。例如,如果用户不可能直接接触或不允许直接接触,那么温度可以明显地超过50℃。然而必需防止粘合层由于在正常操作期间达到的温度而受到损坏,这里的粘合层粘贴在要被涂层的窗玻璃上,例如是多层窗玻璃的粘合薄膜。
这样的面板元件可以装进或装在建筑物上、墙上或是在其中结合,代替通常的加热体。为此,它们没有必要做成窗户的形式,而是可以做成镜子的形式、装饰表面的形式等。如果需要,一般地也可以把这样的面板元件用于在技术装备中产生表面加热,例如家用电器,这时它们总高度低,它们的光滑表面很容易擦干净,这是很大的优点。
即便是在这种面板元件被当作平面发热元件而没有窗子功能的应用中,如果电流不一定必须是处处均匀分布的,但是防止加热涂层的局部过热和损坏,至少大约地进行这样的调节是有利的。当然,使用以现代方法沉积的层系,可以指望整个层都有非常均一的厚度,相反,故意生产厚度不同的涂层,从而在基体预先决定的部分上具有不同的表面电阻倒几乎是不可能的。
当制造没有窗户功能的加热面板元件的时候,如果有必要,可以对严格意义上的导电层做防止反射的处理,此导电层,例如,是由银或另一种导电金属组成的,这使得一方面有可能简化电流的供应(通常电介质防止反射层或者是不导电的或者是导电很差的),另一方面可能获得装饰表面的效果。然而把用于加热层系的适当物质的精确确定留给所属技术领域的专业人员去评价,由他们对想要的加热功率进行估算。
作为补充,为了探测面板元件的实际温度,可以设置一个或多个温度传感器。这样的温度传感器甚至可以采取电流限制器的形式(例如热敏电阻,其电/欧姆阻值在温度升高时会增加)。作为一个变体,可以设置一个分离的开关部件,以便万一面板元件有过热危险时,就断开加热电流,此开关可以由温度传感器来控制。
如同这个领域中现有工艺那样,在按照本发明的面板元件中,作为一个变体,如果使分离的周边边缘区域在一个地方分离开来,如果把用于警戒电流电路的电极设置在分离线两边的话,这个边缘区域也可以采取断裂探测器的形式,用于起动警报。这样的警戒电流电路可以在非常低的不会产生危险的电功率或电压下工作。
附图说明
本发明对象的其他细节和优点将通过实施例的附图和通过随后进行的详细说明给出。
在这些简化描述的视图中:
图1是面板元件的一个透视图,这个面板元件具有加热涂层而且由分离线分开;
图2表示了面板元件一个变体的等同视图;以及
图3表示了穿过一个实施例中电接触区域的剖面图,其中图1的面板元件是多层窗玻璃的一部分。
具体实施方式
按照图1所示,面板元件1包含有钢化窗玻璃2,其第一主表面就是其顶面,完全地由导电涂层3所覆盖。涂层3可以,但不必须,是光学上透明的。它最好是由经得起高热负荷的层系组成,此层系包含有至少一金属层,此金属层在窗玻璃2钢化以前已经沉积上了。
在这个涂层中,沿着窗玻璃2的边缘,设置有两条细的分离线4,它们绘制于外围,彼此平行,与窗玻璃边缘相距1到2cm的短距离。如此构成的外周边边缘条带5在电学上与涂层表面最大的剩余部分相分离。此边缘条带构成了面板元件1的边缘绝缘。
从两条周边分离线4出发,在涂层3的表面中另一对平行的分离线6成一角度地伸出一定长度。在这两条分离线6的两边,设置有条带状电极7,电极7总是都与涂层3电气相连。使用电缆8,可以使两个电极7连上电压。
为了确定加热电流通过涂层3的表面的所规定的路径,按照本身已知的方式,设置了其他的分离线9,10。分离线9总的讲是U字形,它直接连接到两条分离线6上,U字的两个支臂平行于分离线6并平行于面板元件1的两个侧边。分离线10从分离线4伸出,位于分离线9的U字形的两个支臂之间。在涂层表面中设置有凹部11,它们处在此表面中的分离线9或10的自由端,在这些端部的区域中,必须避免过度的电流密度。类似于周边分离线4,分离线9和10在此涂层中构成具有高电阻的中断,没有电流可以通过这些中断。
总的说来,这导致电流通路,它的长度较长,宽度较窄,它使用了涂层3的由周边分离线4围绕的整个表面。为了在涂层3和电极7之间的过渡处建立尽可能均匀的电流密度,电极7具有的长度大致等于这个地方电流通路的宽度。
有许多可能的和可用的限定电流通路的分离线的设计,这里只是表示了其中的一个实施例。不用较大的附加费-例如用机器人-,也可以使用,例如,激光在涂层中绘制弯曲的分离线。从引言中讨论的技术状态中,可以推出其他的例子。
面板元件1按照图2的实施例不同于第一实施例,主要差别是改善了的两个电极的安排和电流的行程。这里,两个电极7靠近分离线4,平行于窗玻璃2的一条侧边。电极7靠近窗玻璃的一条边的这个安排与图1中图解实施例相比较是不容易看到的。电极之间的电流通路具有由分离线10确定的曲折行程。在转向区域,另外设置有分离的或导向的弯曲线12,它又是设计成能防止直分离线10的自由端处的电流峰值。当然,这样的导向线12也可以用于图1的实施例中。此外,可以设置多条平行的导向线。为这样的电流导向线以及分离线9和10的每种情况进行的最适当的设计必须一个一个地通过试验来确定。
例如,为了向绝缘的窗玻璃中安装,图1和2中所示类型的面板元件是适宜的,在这里必须把相关的间隔框简单地粘合在边缘区域5上。电缆8也是以本身已知的方式,做成扁平电缆或印刷有导电部分的薄膜的形式,并且该薄膜引向外面,与间隔框和窗玻璃表面之间的因此是处在粘合平面中的边缘区域没有任何电的接触。绝缘的玻璃窗的第二窗玻璃构成涂层的后部遮掩。
同样,如果另外能保证不存在因工作电压而引起任何危险的话,这样的面板元件可以直接悬挂在墙壁前面,或嵌入其中,而不必预先设置后部覆盖层。
在图3以片段的方式表示出来的另一个变体中,图1的窗玻璃2已经嵌入在多层窗玻璃中,其由玻璃或塑料制成的第二刚性窗玻璃13是以通常的方式,通过粘合膜或粘合层14平面连接在钢化窗玻璃2上。在涂层3的横截面中,可以看见电极7之间两条分离线6的安排,这里的两个电极直接加在涂层3上。作为这种安排的一个变体,电极也可以放置在涂层下面,也就是说,在涂层沉积之前,它已经放置在窗玻璃的表面上。可以用导电的丝网印刷浆制成(在窗玻璃2钢化的时候)待烤干的金属薄膜或条带的形式。在现有已知工艺中,多次描述过了适宜的电极实施例,它也可以叫做集电轨。
第二窗玻璃13和粘合层14在电极区域中具备有小的凹部或小孔15。这凹部用作把电极7的电连线的出口。两条连接引线16通过要焊接的支脚17和焊接点18固定于电极上。连接引线16的插接件位于凹部15之中,允许接合一个适宜的插接件(未画出),自然它必须受到合适地机械保护,防止抽出。
加热层的这样一个朝外的电接触实施例,对于把面板元件用作没有窗户功能的加热板是特别适合的。当然,在按照图3的实施例中,与图1和2一样,这一对电极7可以连接到一条恒定的电缆上,这条电缆可以通过其自由端处的插接件接到电源上。
电极7本身是不透明的,然而如果有必要,它们通过窗玻璃2未涂层一侧是看得见的。因此它们可以构成装饰元素,例如,作为附图中所画简单条带形状的一个变体,而表现出公司或厂商的商标。此外,通过对最好是用来生产电极的导电丝网印刷浆进行染色,还可以获得某些彩色效果。
当然,必要时也可以用合适的方法遮掩电接触区域的视线,例如对钢化窗玻璃2铺设上或加印上一个不透明的装饰图案,或者使用一块颜色很深的玻璃。按一般规律,窗玻璃将会构成面板元件的朝向要被加热空间的表面。在必要替换遮掩的时候,在电极区域和连接引线区域,在窗玻璃2的涂层表面和加热涂层3之间,安置上非导电的不透明涂层19,此不透明层在沉积涂层3之前的钢化期间,已经印刷在玻璃表面上并被烤干了。作为这个描述的一个变体,可以向不透明涂层19上直接加上两个电极7-例如通过印刷两条导电丝网印刷浆条带的方法-然后才像已经指出的一样,在不透明涂层19和电极7上面沉积导电涂层3。这尤其是有下列好处,即:在沉积了机械易碎的涂层3之后,在涂层表面不再必须平着铺上新材料。此外,这样就保证了电极7对玻璃表面有好的粘附力。
为了运输,把凹部15用有持久弹性的塞子(未画出)封死,必要时这个塞子可以允许放置和取出上述的插接件,然而它却能防止湿气和污物散播到电极7和涂层3上。
在按照图3的描述中,把一条连接引线16与温度传感器组合起来将是可能的,例如,把它与温度自我调节电阻器组合起来,这个调节电阻器局部地探测面板元件或涂层的实际温度,并在必要时把吸收的电功率限制在一个安全的数值。这样的温度传感器可以方便地嵌入一个连接引线16的一个焊接支脚17中,正如右侧连接引线16的支脚中的点划线20标明的那样,使得它直接位于加热电流电路的电流中。
Claims (18)
1.具有钢化窗玻璃(2)的面板元件(1),该钢化窗玻璃上面设置有整体表面导电的加热涂层(3),所述加热涂层用电极(7)加电压而加热,其中加热涂层的内表面区域由分离线电分离开,此面板元件的特征在于:该加热涂层(3)的内表面区域由两条或者多条平行的周边分离线(4)与该加热涂层(3)的外部边缘区域(5)电分离;电极(7)安置在由周边分离线(4)围绕的所述内表面区域内,加热涂层(3)的电阻经过了调节,使得能用国家电网的电压工作,从而把所述国家电网电压加到两个电极(7)上时预先确定的温度不被超过,使电极(7)的连线与所述钢化窗玻璃(2)相距一段距离,不与所述外部边缘区域(5)相接触。
2.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:电流总是在两个电极(7)之间沿着预先确定的路径传导,这条路径是通过在内表面区域中加热涂层的局部绝缘分离获得的。
3.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:所述加热涂层(3)是由经得起高热负荷的层系构成的,这层系是在窗玻璃(2)钢化之前沉积在其表面上的。
4.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:电极的连线是在所述外部边缘区域上面,朝着外面的方向,相对于此外部边缘区域是电绝缘的。
5.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:在窗玻璃(2)的涂层一侧贴合上另一板(13)。
6.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:把绝缘玻璃窗的间隔框粘合在涂层的分离的外部边缘区域(5)上。
7.按照权利要求5所述的面板元件,其特征在于:在另一板(13)中设置了至少一个凹部(15),它与涂层窗玻璃(2)相组合,用作电极(7)的电连接出口。
8.按照权利要求7所述的面板元件,其特征在于:电极(7)的插接件连线(17)安置在凹部(15)中。
9.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于,该面板元件还包括温度传感器,它用于探测加热涂层的实际温度。
10.按照权利要求9所述的面板元件,其特征在于,该面板元件还包括一个要由温度传感器控制的开关元件,用于在超过预先确定的温度阈值的情况下,切断或减少加热电流。
11.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:所述加热涂层(3)的分离的外部边缘区域(5)由至少一条周边分离线隔开,并且所述外部边缘区域被用作电流通路。
12.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:至少电极(7)的区域是用掩膜视觉遮掩起来。
13.按照权利要求12所述的面板元件,其特征在于:视觉遮掩是由对钢化窗玻璃(2)使用一块不透明玻璃而得到的。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的面板元件,其特征在于:视觉遮掩是用不透明装饰元件(19)实现的。
15.按照权利要求14所述的面板元件,其特征在于:不透明装饰元件(19)平着安置在窗玻璃(2)的表面和加热涂层(3)之间。
16.按照权利要求1所述的面板元件,其特征在于:电极(7)是在沉积加热涂层(3)前或后,沉积上导电的丝网印刷浆再烘干而制成的。
17.按照权利要求16中所述的面板元件,其特征在于:电极构成看得见的装饰元件。
18.按照权利要求16或17所述的面板元件,其特征在于:把用于接合电连接导线的插接件连线与电极(7)相连接。
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DE3644297A1 (de) * | 1985-12-26 | 1987-07-02 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Beheizbare glasscheibe |
DE8815848U1 (zh) * | 1988-12-21 | 1989-02-09 | Flachglas Ag, 8510 Fuerth, De | |
DE4011541A1 (de) * | 1990-04-10 | 1991-10-17 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Elektrisch beheizbare alarmglasscheibe |
JPH10101378A (ja) | 1996-09-26 | 1998-04-21 | Sun Tec Corp Kk | 導電性加熱板およびその製造方法 |
DE19644004A1 (de) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-07 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | IR-reflektierende Verbundglasscheibe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE19844046C2 (de) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-08-23 | Schott Glas | Mehrscheibenisolierglas |
DE19860870A1 (de) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-06 | Heiko Gros | Scheibenheizung für Scheiben in Fenstern und Türen |
DE29923417U1 (de) * | 1999-01-12 | 2001-01-18 | Weick Rolf | Elektrisch beheizbares Fenster |
JP2001122643A (ja) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-05-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 通電加熱ガラスとその製造方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-02-27 DE DE10208552A patent/DE10208552B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-02-27 KR KR1020047013362A patent/KR100939488B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-27 WO PCT/FR2003/000632 patent/WO2003071964A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-27 DK DK03718912T patent/DK1478291T3/da active
- 2003-02-27 JP JP2003570712A patent/JP4493339B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-27 BR BRPI0307741A patent/BRPI0307741B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-27 CN CNB038047667A patent/CN100469198C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-27 EP EP03718912A patent/EP1478291B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-27 AT AT03718912T patent/ATE349187T1/de active
- 2003-02-27 ES ES03718912T patent/ES2278157T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-27 US US10/503,124 patent/US7301126B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-27 DE DE60310685T patent/DE60310685D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-27 AU AU2003222946A patent/AU2003222946A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003071964A3 (fr) | 2004-03-04 |
US7301126B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
DE60310685D1 (de) | 2007-02-08 |
AU2003222946A8 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
WO2003071964A2 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
DE10208552A1 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
JP4493339B2 (ja) | 2010-06-30 |
DE10208552B4 (de) | 2006-03-02 |
KR100939488B1 (ko) | 2010-01-29 |
CN1640196A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
ES2278157T3 (es) | 2007-08-01 |
AU2003222946A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
DK1478291T3 (da) | 2007-04-10 |
ATE349187T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
KR20040089678A (ko) | 2004-10-21 |
JP2005525281A (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
BR0307741A (pt) | 2005-01-25 |
US20050221062A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1478291A2 (fr) | 2004-11-24 |
BRPI0307741B1 (pt) | 2015-11-24 |
EP1478291B1 (fr) | 2006-12-27 |
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