CN100462889C - 多路开关装置 - Google Patents

多路开关装置 Download PDF

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CN100462889C
CN100462889C CNB038030551A CN03803055A CN100462889C CN 100462889 C CN100462889 C CN 100462889C CN B038030551 A CNB038030551 A CN B038030551A CN 03803055 A CN03803055 A CN 03803055A CN 100462889 C CN100462889 C CN 100462889C
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CN1625724A (zh
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克里斯托夫·奥斯特
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Leopold Kostal GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G9/04785—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member being the operating part of a switch arrangement
    • G05G9/04788—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member being the operating part of a switch arrangement comprising additional control elements
    • G05G9/04792—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member being the operating part of a switch arrangement comprising additional control elements for rotary control around the axis of the controlling member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
    • H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
    • G05G2009/04755—Magnetic sensor, e.g. hall generator, pick-up coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04781—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with additional rotation of the controlling member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H2003/008—Mechanisms for operating contacts with a haptic or a tactile feedback controlled by electrical means, e.g. a motor or magnetofriction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
    • H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
    • H01H2025/043—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls the operating member being rotatable around wobbling axis for additional switching functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/008—Operating part movable both angularly and rectilinearly, the rectilinear movement being perpendicular to the axis of angular movement

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Abstract

多路开关装置，具有一借助于做成铰链形式的悬挂装置(11)能够运动地支承的操作元件(1)，其中悬挂装置(11)包括两个相互垂直设置并通过一中间件(15)相互连接的四铰链摇臂V1、V2，其中一个四铰链摇臂(V1)以其两个相对于中间件(15)自由的铰链位置固定地铰接，另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)以其自由的铰链支承操作元件或操作元件支架(5)，通过这样的方法确定，即中间件(15)在其中铰链连接在两个四铰链摇臂(V1、V2)上的铰链轴线平面这样地设置在不同平面内，使得所述一个四铰链摇臂(V1)的支承中间件(15)的两个摇臂(13、14)位置固定地铰接所在的基本铰链轴线平面离中间件(15)与这两个摇臂(13、14)铰接所在的铰链轴线平面的距离大于基本铰链轴线平面与那些铰链轴线平面之间的距离，在该铰链轴线平面内中间件(15)与连接操作元件或操作元件支架(5)的所述另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)的两个摇臂(16、17)铰链连接。

Description

多路开关装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带一借助于做成铰链形式的悬挂装置可运动地支承的操作元件的多路开关装置。
背景技术
多路开关装置包括一操作元件，使得在多个方向可运动地支承在一个面上。这种多路开关装置常常用作数据输入装置，其中可以通过多路开关装置给数据处理装置输入数据。在这种情况下操作元件用来在菜单中导航，其中根据开关装置的运动方向的不同可以到达不同的菜单点。在另一种结构中，这种多路开关装置还用作操纵杆。一电气开关装置的零件，例如开关杆与操作元件的运动运动学地连接，通过此开关杆在规定的开关位置，特别是在终点位置接通开关触点，以便执行与操作元件的这个位置相应的动作，在某些情况下取决于实际选择的菜单。
由DE19636183C2已知一种带一可绕两条相互垂直的轴线移动的操作元件的四通道开关。操作元件通过一做成铰链形式的悬挂装置可运动地支承。操作元件的悬挂装置通过两条空间上重叠设置的四铰链摇臂构成。第一四铰链摇臂由两条铰接在一固定不动的支座上的摇臂构成，其自由端铰接在一中间件上。因此参与该四铰链摇臂构成的元件是固定不动的支座。两条铰接在它上面的摇臂和中间件。多个元件的铰接通过平行于支座设置的铰链轴进行。第二个四铰链链板用作中间件的基础；这个上部四铰链链板的两条摇臂同样通过铰链轴铰接在中间件上。该四铰链摇臂的另一个组成部分是一铰接在所述后一条摇臂的自由端上的操作元件用的支架。通过铰接在支座上的四铰链摇臂，中间件可沿一第一运动方向往复运动。由于另一条四铰链摇臂相对于第一个四铰链摇臂的直角形布局和由于它支承在中间件上，在操作时只有支承在中间件上的四铰链摇臂才使操作元件支架具有沿垂直于中间件运动方向的方向运动的可能性。通过同时操作四铰链摇臂，操作元件可以通过操作元件支架在开关区内几乎任意地运动。
通过在这份资料中所述的多路开关装置应该达到，操作元件在一弯曲表面上运动，使得对于使用者在操作操作元件时产生这样的印象，施加一摆动运动。由于这个原因两个四铰链摇臂的基体的铰链轴的距离-铰接在支座或中间件上-根据所希望的摆动运动的造型的不同而大于或小于摇臂与各个其他元件-中间件或操作元件支架-铰链连接的铰链轴的距离。但是在这份资料中没有公开操作元件必须怎样悬挂，才能使使用者产生这样的印象，即他在一个平面上移动操作元件。
已知的多路开关装置虽然允许操作元件铰接地悬挂，从而使它可在操作区内任意运动，但是在这份资料中所述的结构需要不是微不足道的结构深度。这里必须考虑到，通过铰接在支座以及操作元件支架上的摇臂的长度决定了可能的运动量，从而决定了操作区的大小。这导致，在形成一种其操作元件应该走过规定的运动路程的多路开关装置时必须采用相应长度的摇臂。但是在无数应用场合下为了实现这种多路开关装置无法提供相对于其深度的必要的安装空间。
发明内容
因此从这种所讨论的现有技术出发本发明的目的是，这样地改进开头所述类型的多路开关装置，用这种装置在不损害操作元件的可运动性的情况下减小必要的安装深度。
按照本发明的多路开关装置，具有一借助于一做成铰链形式的悬挂装置能够运动地支承的操作元件，其中悬挂装置包括两个相互垂直布置并通过一中间件相互连接的四铰链摇臂，其中一个四铰链摇臂以其两个相对于中间件自由的铰链位置固定地铰接，另一个四铰链摇臂以其自由的铰链支承操作元件或操作元件的一支架，其特征为：中间件在其中铰接到两个四铰链摇臂上的铰链轴平面这样地设置在不同平面内，使得所述一个四铰链摇臂支承中间件的两个摇臂位置固定地铰接所在的基本铰链轴平面离中间件与这两个摇臂铰接所在的轴平面的距离大于基本铰链轴平面与下述铰链轴平面之间的距离，在该铰链轴平面内中间件与连接操作元件或操作元件的支架的所述另一个四铰链摇臂的两个摇臂铰链连接。
在下面给出本发明的优选实施方式，中间件与支承操作元件或操作元件支架的所述另一个四铰链摇臂的摇臂铰接所在的平面设置在以下轴的平面内，借助该轴位置固定地铰接所述一个四铰链摇臂。中间件与位置固定地铰接的所述一个四铰链摇臂的摇臂的铰接平面设置在以下轴的平面内，借助该轴所述操作元件或支承操作元件的支架与所述另一个四铰链摇臂的摇臂铰接。中间件是一带有四个成型的铰接凸台的环形体，这些铰接凸台通过其自由端与相邻接的摇臂铰链连接，以形成所述两个四铰链摇臂。每个四铰链摇臂的两个摇臂铰链连接的各上部轴线相互间的距离相当于各下部轴线相互间的距离。多路开关装置是一旋转调节器。
在要求保护的多路开关装置中，接入两个四铰链链板内的中间件在两个四铰链摇臂的摇臂上的铰接轴线位于不同的平面内，其中中间件在位置固定地铰接的四铰链摇臂上的铰链连接轴线平面位于一轴线平面的上方，中间件以该轴线平面铰接在支承操作元件或操作元件支架的四铰链摇臂上。因此两个四铰链摇臂相互套接。在相应于DE19636183C2的已知现有技术中结构高度由四铰链摇臂高度相加得到，而在所推荐的多路开关装置中结构高度可以减小到这样的程度，即它由位置固定地铰接的四铰链链板的高度确定。因此必要的安装深度可减小50％。
对于操作元件的运动不具有其相对于其纵轴的回转运动的情况，参与每个四铰链摇臂构成的元件按平行四边形的形式设置。
由于与已知的现有技术相比安装深度的减小，这种多路开关装置也可用作汽车中的旋转调节器。这种旋转调节器具有一可旋转的操作元件，它除了其可旋转性外还可附加地在通过悬挂装置提供的平面内运动。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例参照附图对本发明加以说明。附图中：
图1 一用于手动数据输入的旋转调节器的按分解视图形式的三维视图；
图2 图1中的旋转调节器的按分解视图形式的从下方看的三维视图；
图3 旋转调节器的悬挂装置的三维视图；
图4 图1中的旋转调节器在装配状态下沿A-B线的纵剖视圈；
图5 图1中的旋转调节器在装配状态下沿C-D线的纵剖视图。
具体实施方式
总体用附图标记1表示的用作操作元件的旋转调节器包括一可旋转地支承的手轮2，它安装在电机4的驱动轴3上。手轮2和驱动轴3之间的连接是防旋转的。电机4用来在手轮2旋转时产生一触觉反馈。电机4固定在一保持架5内。此外保持架5支承一由一编码盘7和一光栅装置8组成的旋转运动测量装置6。因此旋转运动测量装置6设计成光电子工作的。编码盘7作为转角发生器防旋转地安装在一输出轴9上，一用作从动轮的小齿轮10同样不可旋转地与输出轴9连接，小齿轮与一设置在手轮2内侧上的内轮齿啮合。因此手轮2的旋转运动通过与内轮齿啮合的小齿轮10和输出轴9传递到编码盘7上。光栅装置8与编码盘7位置固定地固定在保持架5上。
携带手轮2、电机4、小齿轮10、输出轴9和旋转运动测量装置6的保持架5通过一总体用图形标记11表示的悬挂装置可移动地支承在一表面上。悬挂装置11由两个四铰链摇臂V1、V2组成，它们以其在装配状态的旋转调节器1中的结构表示在图3中。四铰链摇臂V1位置固定地铰接，而且在所示实施例中铰接在一碗形上壳体12内。四铰链摇臂V1的两条摇臂13、14铰接在碗形壳体12上，它们以其相对于在碗形壳体12内的固定铰接的自由端与一中间体15铰接。中间件15用作另一四铰链摇臂V2的基体。四铰链摇臂V2的两条摇臂16、17与摇臂13、14垂直地铰接在中间件15上。摇臂16、17以其在图1中的自由端与保持架5铰接，其中摇臂16的插接轴18嵌入保持架5的两个凸台19内。摇臂17以相应的方式铰接在保持架5上。
在保持架5和悬挂装置11下方一带有对于驱动旋转调节器1必要的电气/电子组件的板坯p安装在一碗形下壳体20内。
在图2的视图中可以看到设置在手轮2内侧上的内轮齿21，小齿轮10与它啮合。摇臂14为了它位置固定地铰接在碗形壳体12上以插接轴22支承在生成在碗形壳体12内侧上的相应支承凸台23内。摇臂13以相应的方法铰接在碗形壳体12上。
在图3中表示其未连接在碗形壳体12和保持架5上时的悬挂装置11。为了表示得清楚起见应该再次指出，四铰链摇臂V2的两条摇臂13、14以其在图3中所示的自由端位置固定地铰接。而四铰链摇臂V2的摇臂16、17在图3中所示的自由端铰接在保持架5上。中间件15做成环形体，使得保持架5可以嵌入中间件15的内孔24内。中间件15带有从所示平面向上伸出的铰接凸台25，它表示用来与摇臂14连接的铰接凸台，以及携带向下伸出的铰接凸台26，摇臂16、17铰接在它们上面，它表示用来铰接摇臂17的铰接凸台。摇臂13、14、16、17的铰链轴设置在两个平面内。用来使摇臂13、14铰接在中间件15上的铰链轴以及将摇臂16、17铰接在保持架5上的铰链轴位于上面的平面内。用来将摇臂13、14位置固定地铰接在碗形壳体12上铰链轴以及用来将摇臂16、17铰接在中间件15上的铰链轴位于下面的平面内。摇臂13、14在碗形壳体12上的铰链轴的位置固定的铰接平面也称为基本铰链轴平面。通过两个四铰链摇臂V1、V2的这种套装在悬挂装置11结构高度尽可能小的情况下提供保持架5的铰接悬挂和它在运动区内的运动可能性。
悬挂装置11设计得使保持架5在在其运动区内运动时保持其纵轴的方位不变。为此两个四铰链链板V1、V2各自的基体-碗形壳体12和中间件15-的铰链轴的距离正好和其他的各个铰链轴的距离一样大，对于四铰链摇臂V1中间件15铰接在这些铰链轴上，对于四铰链摇臂V2保持架5铰接在这些铰链轴上。因此通过两个四铰链摇臂V1、V2构成平行四边形，使得位于各个基体-碗形壳体12和中间件15-对面的元件-中间件15和保持架5的运动分别进行平行于其基体的运动。
在所示实施例中旋转调节器2在其运动表面上的移动运动通过两个定位凸轮27引导(在图2中可以看到一个这种定位凸轮27)。一导柱28分别嵌入这些定位凸轮27内。导柱28配设于摇臂16、17。
由图4的剖视图可以看到小齿轮10与手轮2的内轮齿21的啮合。其次图4表示，保持架5设一同样与手轮2的内轮齿啮合的阻尼元件29。阻尼元件29用于手轮2旋转运动的阻尼。此外保持架带一磁性杆30，它作为位置传感器用来测量保持架5在其运动区内的位置。一霍尔传感装置31与磁性杆30共同作用，用霍尔传感装置可测量保持架5在通过定位凸轮27规定的可能位置内相应的位置。
手轮2在内侧借助于一压紧法兰32支承在一支承板33上，中间垫-可弹性变形的元件34，在所示实施例中它是一开关垫的开关罩。手轮轮2可克服弹性元件34材料弹性的复位特性沿轴向运动，使得在菜单控制时可通过手轮2的可运动性选择各个菜单项。在手轮2轴向运动时电机4驱动轴3的下端段同样相应地运动。这一段与设置在板坯P上的光栅装置35共同作用，使得可以用这种方法测量，手轮2是在其正常位置还是在其轴向操作的、从而是插入的位置。在图5的剖视图中可以看到光栅装置35。图5还表示两个导柱28嵌在定位凸轮27内，定位凸轮固定在碗形壳体12的内侧上。
在所示实施例中设想，旋转调节器运动，而其纵轴不改变其方位。但是悬挂装置也可以设计成这样，即通过铰链轴的不同距离在旋转调节器运动时改变其纵轴方位，以便用这种方法达到等臂杆或类似于操纵杆的触觉反馈。
图形标记表
1 旋转调节器                           2 手轮
3 驱动轴                               4 电机
5 保持架                               6 旋转运动测量装置
7 编码盘                               8 光栅装置
9 输出轴                               10 小齿轮
11 悬挂装置                            12 碗形壳体
13 摇臂                                14 摇臂
15 中间件                              16 摇臂
17 摇臂                                18 插接轴
19 凸台                                20 碗形壳体
21 内轮齿                              22 插接轴
23 支承凸台                            24 内孔
25 铰接凸台                            26 铰接凸台
27 定位凸轮                            28 导柱
29 阻尼元件                            30 磁性杆
31 霍尔传感装置                        32 压紧法兰
33 支承板                              34 弹性复位元件
35 光栅装置
P 板坯                                 v1，v2 四铰链摇臂

Claims (6)

1.一种多路开关装置，具有一借助于一做成铰链形式的悬挂装置(11)能够运动地支承的操作元件(1)，其中悬挂装置(11)包括两个相互垂直布置并通过一中间件(15)相互连接的四铰链摇臂(v1，v2)，其中一个四铰链摇臂(V1)以其两个相对于中间件(15)自由的铰链位置固定地铰接，另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)以其自由的铰链支承操作元件或操作元件的一支架(5)，其特征为：中间件(15)在其中铰接到两个四铰链摇臂(V1、V2)上的铰链轴平面这样地设置在不同平面内，使得所述一个四铰链摇臂(V1)的支承中间件(15)的两个摇臂(13、14)位置固定地铰接所在的基本铰链轴平面离中间件(15)与这两个摇臂(13、14)铰接所在的轴平面的距离大于基本铰链轴平面与下述铰链轴平面之间的距离，在该铰链轴平面内中间件(15)与连接操作元件或操作元件的支架(5)的所述另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)的两条摇臂(16、17)铰链连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的多路开关装置，其特征为：中间件(15)与支承操作元件或操作元件支架(5)的所述另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)的摇臂(16、17)铰接所在的平面设置在以下轴的平面内，借助该轴位置固定地铰接所述一个四铰链摇臂(V1)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的多路开关装置，其特征为：中间件(15)与位置固定地铰接的所述一个四铰链摇臂(V1)的摇臂(13、14)的铰接平面设置在以下轴的平面内，借助该轴所述操作元件或支承操作元件的支架(5)与所述另一个四铰链摇臂(V2)的摇臂(16、17)铰接。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的多路开关装置，其特征为：中间件(15)是一带有四个成型的铰接凸台(25、26)的环形体，这些铰接凸台通过其自由端与相邻接的摇臂(13、14；16、17)铰链连接，以形成所述两个四铰链摇臂(V1、V2)。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的多路开关装置，其特征为：每个四铰链摇臂(V1、V2)的两个摇臂(13、14；16、17)铰链连接的各上部轴线相互间的距离相当于各下部轴线相互间的距离。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的多路开关装置，其特征为：多路开关装置是一旋转调节器。
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