CN100407981C - 检查身体内部器官的管子 - Google Patents

检查身体内部器官的管子 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100407981C
CN100407981C CNB2003801013691A CN200380101369A CN100407981C CN 100407981 C CN100407981 C CN 100407981C CN B2003801013691 A CNB2003801013691 A CN B2003801013691A CN 200380101369 A CN200380101369 A CN 200380101369A CN 100407981 C CN100407981 C CN 100407981C
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China
Prior art keywords
pipe
tube
gas
wall
advances
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Ceased
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CNB2003801013691A
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English (en)
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CN1705452A (zh
Inventor
奥伦·加夫里莱
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Ambu AS
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ET VISION Ltd
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Abstract

一种用于医学实践的检查管子(20)，其中诸如小型电子摄像机的传感器包含在管子的远端面。传感器接收经沿管子长度延伸导管(24，26，28)提供的能量，这些导管最好是埋入管壁内。传感器的信号传输到管子的后端，信号在该处被馈送到接收器。在一些实施例中，引导清洗剂通过管壁中的通道，可以完成传感器的清洗。通过检测图形与基准图形的比较并确定与基准的临界偏差，可以实施报警过程。

Description

检查身体内部器官的管子
技术领域
本发明一般涉及监测危重疾病和麻醉病人的医学装置，包括监测换气病人的医学装置。更具体地说，本发明是监测病人器官和体腔的装置。
背景技术
把管子插入病人身体器官、体腔、和束中，是急救和危重疾病治疗的常规手段。气管导管可以插入严重呼吸衰竭或接受全身麻醉的病人气管中。必须快速和准确地放置气管导管并使它的尖端定位在病人气管的中部以防止偶然滑脱并形成正确的密封和两个肺的换气。类似地，鼻饲管通常经鼻或口插入需要人工喂养或排空胃中内含物的病人胃中。在紧急治疗期间，经常插入体腔中的另一种管子，是导尿管。这种导尿管通过尿道进入膀胱中。正确地放置这些管子和导管，在整个使用过程中是极其重要的。
危重疾病和接受全身麻醉的许多病人，需要人工换气。在过去的40年中，提供人工换气的最普通方法，是使泵浦压缩空气，经气管导管进入病人的两个肺。这种管子插入病人的口或鼻并在声带之间通过，进入气管。或者可以利用气管切开手术，使该管子插入气管中。在口腔插管技术中，操作员往往利用由把手和叶片构成的喉镜。操作员把叶片插入到病人口中，并向前推进直至它的尖端到达舌根之外的咽喉。然后，使用把手操作叶片，并推开舌头直至可以看见会厌和声带。然后，可以引导气管导管的尖端并经声带之间推入气管中。这种插管方法用在大多数插管技术中，但是它要求训练有素的专业人员，并只允许专业医生和有执照的医务人员实施。
当预期插管很困难的情况下，另一种常用的方法，是利用光纤支气管镜。首先，把支气管镜连接到光源，以提供面向其尖端的照明区。支气管镜的轴通过气管导管插入并尽可能地向前推进。把支气管镜的尖端插入病人的气道，并借助支气管镜目镜的、或声带之间的视频显示器，在可视条件下进入气管。现在可以把气管导管推到支气管镜轴以下并在声带之间移动，进入气管。现在可以固定气管导管并去除支气管镜以开放气管导管的空腔。虽然支气管镜方法比喉镜方法安全，但所需的设备昂贵、精密、和较麻烦，在现场或急救车上很少配置这种设备。在使用中固定气管导管并防止它的非故意运动，对于避免悲剧事件是极其重要的。让尖端附近围绕管子的缚带充气，可以闭塞管子外壁与气管内壁之间的空间，形成气密密封。缚带通过管子壁中的细通道连接到气管导管的外部末端。该通道连接到单向阀，空气可以通过单向阀注入，使缚带充气到所需的压力和体积。缚带还有助于使管子定位，但在管子头部周围，通常利用附加的夹持器以防止管子滑进或脱离。
管子一旦插入，必须验证它的正确位置。意外地把管子插入到食道或放置在气道深处，使它的尖端停留在一个主干支气管而不是气管，将导致灾难性结果和窒息。验证气管导管的位置有许多方法。通常可以听诊两侧胸部以验证均衡的空气进入两个肺。胸部X射线是验证管子位置的另一种有效的方法。X射线图显示气管导管尖端与气管第一杈(隆凸)之间的关系。每当放置或重新放置气管导管时，可以和应当拍摄X射线图。此外，通过光纤支气管镜，利用抽吸球，或通过发送和接收声信号，可以验证管子的位置。这些方法可用于验证气管导管的最初位置。目前还没有可以连续监测管子实际位置的装置。
若干专利文献和科学文章，公开了把光纤可视化的优点与喉镜的简单设计的组合。此外，还描述了在气管导管插入时，使用包含可以看见气道装置的可视化探针。然而，还没有已知的任何方法，可以把可视化装置永久地固定在气管导管的前端面，从而实现插入期间和在其后连续地使气道可视化。
附图说明
图1是包含三种类型管道的本发明管子的示意等角图；
图2是描述本发明部分管子前端面的示意等角图，其中包含小型电视摄像机；
图3是可沿本发明管子交换的各个项的示意图，这些项涉及检查任务的性能。
具体实施方式
按照本发明，是提供一种多功能检查管，用于收集病人或动物身体内腔和空间的、与检查管插入体内关联的信息。多功能检查管是一种改进的医疗管，例如是气管导管，导管，饲胃管。按照本发明，该管子装配了在插入期间和插入之后，测定检查管相对于身体器官位置和身体各方面机能的装置。因此，本发明的管子不但可以完成传送气体和/或液体进和出被穿透器官的常规内科治疗任务，而且还可以完成测定这种治疗的反应及被穿透器官其他状态的检查任务。本发明的多功能检查管包含接收与穿透器官状态有关信号的装置，例如，利用放置在管子前端面或附近的合适传感器，以接收视频或音频信号。传感器产生的信号，经沿管子长度到连接器的导线或通信光纤，或经置于管子后端部分靠近管子标准连接器的无线发射器，发射到换气源、胃管喂食器、或尿液收集装置。该信号被有合适信号调节装置的接收器接收，以便随后处理、显示、记录、和/或监测。从图1可以更好地解释本发明的结构性概念。图1表示包括前端面22一部分20的本发明多功能检查管。通道和导体与管壁结合。沿检查管壁内的长度方向有完全埋入的通道24，与它并排的是开放的凹形通道26。传导元件28沿检查管的长度，但它没有埋入管壁内，而是粘附到管壁并占用管口径的空间。管道可以部分地埋入检查管，或者，它可以插入凹形通道内，或者，它可以穿过完全埋入的通道，而不粘附于管子上。即使在检查管口径包含上述粘附于壁上的传导元件的实施例中，检查管口径仍然有大的空间，可以沿双向传输液体或气体。就这方面来说，通道和传导元件埋入或完全插入管壁的实施例是可取的。
多功能检查管的典型特征是采集身体的内部图像。为了采集图像，可以利用图像传感器，例如，采用与检查管前端面结合的CCD或CMOS芯片的小型电子摄像机。在一个实施例中，摄像机包含在图2所描述的管壁凹槽内，现在将参考图2。图上画出部分检查管，在其内侧面40内，是插入凹形通道中并从管子前端面44伸出的摄像机42。摄像机的信号用传导元件46传输，它通常是铜导线或光纤。摄像机的透镜，面背着管子。从摄像机到达的信号，随后馈送到接收器并随后显示在屏幕上，屏幕可以是独立的小型屏幕、普通电视屏幕、或通常用于监测病人生理参数和状态的显示屏幕的一部分。在本发明的一些实施例中，是用沿检查管长度的光纤元件传送光，以照明检查管前端面之前的视场。或者，光源可以与管子的近端面结合。光源的例子是小型卤素灯、发光二极管(LED)、激光器、或任何其他类型的合适尺寸的光源。另一种照明方法是构造用光导材料制成的检查管。在本发明的一些实施例中，采用保持摄像机透镜和/或其他传感器清洁和清晰的装置。危重病人的气道、胃、或膀胱，往往充满粘稠的分泌物。因此，这种分泌物很可能停留在透镜上，妨碍它的视场，或停留在其他的传感器上，从而改变它们的响应度。为了克服这种障碍，恒定或间隙流动的空气或生理溶液经通道泵浦进入管壁，使通道出口直接对准透镜或传感器激活面及其周围。这种流体可以由简单的流体源或某种装置产生，在手动施药器、定时器、或监测信号并确定何时需要清洗作用的软件程序的命令下，触发该流体源或装置射出流体。
一般地说，检查管用作各种要求完成其检查任务的元件的双向传送平台。这一点在图3中示意说明，现在将参考该图。管子52在它的后端接收一种或几种类型的激励能54，并在相同端下载原始的或处理后的信息56。在前端58，该管子接收一种或几种类型的信号60并消耗能量62，下面将详细描述。
在本发明的一些实施例中，管子中采用微音器。这种微音器可以包含在管壁中。这种微音器至少从管前端邻近接收声信号，并传送原始的或处理后的信号到管的后端，供进一步下载或处理。
在本发明管子的前端面，可以有效地采用多个传感器，非穷举的清单包括：照相机、电视摄像机、微音器、压力换能器、和热传感器。还可以采用气体传感器，如氧气或二氧化碳的特定气体传感器。激励这种传感器所需的能量，由能量管道提供，例如，包含在管子中的电导线。此外，为了清洁和清洗传感器的激活面的目的，可以向管子前端面邻近提供辅助能量，通过用管壁中通道的清洁媒体，例如，气体、加湿空气、或氧气，或通常是生理溶液的液体，冲洗传感器激活面。向冲洗液体和或气体提供能量，并引导它们通过完全埋入的通道。本发明的检查管，可以单独使用或与其他的导管或管子组合使用，这些导管和管子通常插入身体的器官、束、或体腔中，例如食管、胃、肠、结肠、膀胱、胸腔、肺气管、和/或腹腔。本发明的技术可用于各种医学实践和治疗，例如，肺的人工换气、胃的喂食、或去除胃的内含物、从膀胱中排出尿、从结肠中派出气体和粪便、和排出或注入外科手术切开的体腔中，例如，胸腔或腹腔。
管子的传感器发射一种或多种信号类型，这些信号类型或在例如CCD芯片的传感器中被预处理，或把原始信号发送到模拟或数字电路，供进一步处理，产生与被检查器官或体腔状态有关的信息。接收和或处理的装置，例如监测器、显示器、存储装置、分析器、DSP处理器、计算机、和报警信号发生器，通常借助一个或多个连接器连接到管子。本发明的管子可通过诸如鼻、口、尿道口、直肠、或外科手术切口等开口插入。
原始或处理后的信号传输，是通过沿管子的导体，例如导线或光纤起作用的，这些导线或光纤与管子后端的连接器连接。无线发射器或收发信机可以放置在管子合适的位置，通常是在管的后端，用于与包含接收器和处理器和或控制模块的操作台通信。
本发明的检查管还可用于检测病人生命机能指征的变化。因此，可以检测图像和声信号，对它们进行处理，并与参考的基准图像或声结构比较。只要指征的某些变化通过预定的阈值，立刻发出报警信号。例如，分泌物的积累，或者，过大或过小肺噪声的发展异常。

Claims (7)

1. 一种能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中成像传感器包含在所述管子的前端面，且其中：
激活所述成像传感器的至少一种管道能量，是与所述管子的壁相联系的；
至少一种传导元件，用于把所述成像传感器的信号传输到所述管子的后端；和
用于所述信号的至少一个接收器。
2. 按照权利要求1的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中所述管子的壁包括通道。
3. 按照权利要求2的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中所述管子的壁包括完全埋入的通道。
4. 按照权利要求2的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中所述管子的壁包括凹形通道。
5. 按照权利要求1的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中的照明元件是与所述管子的所述前端面相联系的。
6. 按照权利要求5的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中所述照明元件是沿所述管子的壁铺设的光纤。
7. 按照权利要求5的能够传送选自由气体和液体构成的组中的至少一项进和出身体的管子，其中所述照明元件是发光源。
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