CN100398103C - 通过烟碱性受体激动剂和单胺能物质的联合作用治疗情感性精神障碍 - Google Patents
通过烟碱性受体激动剂和单胺能物质的联合作用治疗情感性精神障碍 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100398103C CN100398103C CNB018168035A CN01816803A CN100398103C CN 100398103 C CN100398103 C CN 100398103C CN B018168035 A CNB018168035 A CN B018168035A CN 01816803 A CN01816803 A CN 01816803A CN 100398103 C CN100398103 C CN 100398103C
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Abstract
本发明涉及烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂与单胺能物质的联合作用在治疗情感性精神障碍中的应用,以及用于依据本发明使用的包含这些物质和化学物质的药物组合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及烟碱性(nicotinic)乙酰胆碱受体激动剂与单胺能物质的联合作用在治疗情感性精神障碍中的应用,以及用于依据本发明使用的包含这些物质和化学物质的药物组合物。
发明背景
选择性单胺再摄取抑制剂,特别是血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI′s)是治疗抑郁症的良好物质。然而,它们最严重的缺陷是,虽然副作用几乎立即发生,但是在前2至4周内没有任何显著的抗抑郁效果,这带来了易损窗户,期间患者可能不配合治疗。虽然联合施用速效抗抑郁剂可克服这一点,但是抵销延迟SSRI作用开始的自抑制机制是更可取的。
有良好的迹象表明,这可通过阻断一些当突触裂口中的神经递质浓度增加时下调血清素排放量的受体来实现。因此,WO96/33710(Astra)描述了一种5-HT摄取抑制剂与选择性5-HT1A拮抗剂的组合,WO00/15217(AstraZeneca)、WO00/15218(AstraZeneca)和WO00/15219(AstraZeneca)公开了这样的组合的特定实例。
然而,WO00/45846(Synthelabo)中公开了有着完全不同应用的另一涉及烟碱性配体的组合。该专利出版物公开了与单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂组合的烟碱或烟碱性配体在治疗戒烟症状中的应用,该组合表现出降低的心血管副作用。
WO00/25783(Carlsson和Carlsson)描述了烟碱性配体在治疗强迫观念与行为障碍(OCD)中的应用。没有描述联合治疗以及对其它情感性精神障碍的治疗。
发明概述
依据本发明,现在已经发现,烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂能增强单胺能作用,这样烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂与单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂的用于治疗情感性精神障碍的组合可加快作用的开始和提高成功率。因此,本发明涉及用于治疗情感性精神障碍的烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂与单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂的联合作用,或既具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂活性又具有单胺激动剂或拮抗剂活性或单胺再摄取抑制活性的双重作用。
因此,在其第一个方面,本发明提供了治疗、预防或减轻个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给所述个体施用治疗有效量的一种或多种具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动活性和单胺激动或拮抗或再摄取抑制活性的化合物。
另一方面,本发明提供了药物组合物,其中包含治疗有效量的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺再摄取抑制剂以及至少一种可药用载体或稀释剂。
在第三个方面,本发明涉及烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺再摄取抑制剂在制备用于治疗、预防或减轻个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了式I的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂:
其中
n是1、2或3;且
m是0、1或2;且
R代表氢、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、烷氧基、酰基或苄基;且
R1代表5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-溴-5-乙炔基(etynyl)-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-苯基-3-哒嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-氯-3-哒嗪基;6-碘-3-哒嗪基;6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基;2-吡嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基;5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-溴-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-碘-3-吡啶基;或5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式VI的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物,
任何其对映体或任何其对映体的混合物,或其可药用盐;
其中
R是氢、烷基、链烯基、环烷基、氰基烷基、苯基、萘基或苄基;且
R1是
其中R2是氢、烷基、环烷基或氨基;或
呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、咪唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或噻唑基,其中所述杂芳基可任选被选自下列的取代基取代一次或多次:烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、氰基烷基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、CN、氨基、硝基和呋喃基;或
萘基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基或噻吩并噻吩基,其中所述二环基团可任选被选自下列的取代基取代一次或多次:烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、氰基烷基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、CN、氨基、硝基和呋喃基。
对于本领域技术人员来说,通过阅读下文中的详细说明和实施例,本发明的其它目的将显而易见。
发明详述
在其第一个方面,本发明提供了治疗、预防或减轻个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给所述个体施用治疗有效量的一种或多种具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动活性和单胺激动或拮抗或再摄取抑制活性的化合物。
依据本发明治疗的个体是需要这样的治疗的活体,优选哺乳动物,最优选人。
在一个优选的实施方案中,治疗活性物质是作为包含起烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂作用的物质和起单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂作用的物质的联合治疗施用的。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,治疗作用是用具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂双重活性的物质实现的。
情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症可特别是抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫观念与行为障碍(OCD)、恐慌病症、肥胖症、由戒烟引起的症状,或疼痛,包括急性和慢性疼痛、神经病性疼痛和炎性疼痛。
烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂
本发明烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂可以是结合并激活烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体,由此导致生物反应的任何配体。给定物质起烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂作用的可能性可使用标准体外结合测定和/或标准体内功能试验来确定。
在一个优选的实施方案中,当在标准人烟碱性受体离子通道结合或置换测定中测定时,本发明烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂表现出低于1000nM、优选低于100nM的Ki,或者,当在使用小鼠、大鼠或人烟碱性受体离子通道(所述离子通道优选由α2-9与β2-4nAChR亚单位的组合或αnAChR亚单位的同聚体构成的)的标准功能测定中测定时,表现出低于300μM、优选低于100μM的EC50或IC50值。
可用于本发明的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂包括在例如下列文件中描述的物质:WO92/21339(Abbott)、WO94/08992(Abbott)、WO96/40682(Abbott)、WO97/46554(Abbott)、WO99/03859(AstraZeneca)、WO96/15123(Salk Institute)、WO97/19059(Sibia)、WO00/10997(Ortho-McNeil)、WO00/44755(Abbott)、WO00/34284(Synthelabo)、WO98/42713(Synthelabo)、WO99/02517(Synthelabo)、WO00/34279(Synthelabo)、WO00/34279(Synthelabo)、WO00/34284(Synthelabo)、EP955301(Pfizer)、EP857725(Pfizer)、EP870768(Pfizer)、EP311313(YamanouchiPharmaceutical)、WO97/11072(Novo Nordisk)、WO97/11073(NovoNordisk)、WO98/54182(NeuroSearch)、WO98/54181(NeuroSearch)、WO98/54152(NeuroSearch)、WO98/54189(NeuroSearch)、WO99/21834(NeuroSearch)、WO99/24422(NeuroSearch)、WO00/32600(NeuroSearch)、WOPCT/DK00/00211(NeuroSearch)、WOPCT/DK00/00202(NeuroSearch)或它们的国外同族专利。
依据本发明,优选的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂的实例包括烟碱、乙基烟碱、3-乙炔基-5-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶(SIB-1765F)、4-[[2-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)乙基]硫基]苯酚(SIB-1553)、(S)-3-乙炔基-5-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶(SIB-1508Y)、4′-甲基烟碱或(2S-反式)-3-(1,4-二甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶(Abbott)、2-甲基-3-[(2S)-2-吡咯烷基甲氧基]吡啶(ABT-089)、3-甲基-5-[(2S)-1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基]异噁唑(ABT-418)、5-[(2R)-2-氮杂环丁烷基甲氧基]-2-氯吡啶(ABT-594)、3-PMP或3-(1-吡咯烷基甲基)吡啶(RJ Reynold)、(3E)-N-甲基-4-(3-吡啶基)-3-丁烯-1-胺(RJR-2403)、新烟碱(anabasein)或3,4,5,6-四氢-2,3′-联吡啶(RJReynold)、5-氟烟碱或(S)-5-氟-3-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶(RJReynold)、MCC或甲基氨基甲酸2-(二甲基氨基)乙酯(Lundbeck)、乙基槟榔酮或1-(1,2,5,6-四氢-1-甲基-3-吡啶基)-1-丙酮(Lilly)、或异槟榔酮或1-(1,2,3,6-四氢-1-甲基-4-吡啶基)乙酮(Lilly)、AR-R17779(AstraZeneca)、epibatidine、GTS-21、1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪、1-(3-吡啶基)高哌嗪、1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪或它们的盐、游离碱、外消旋体或对映体。
优选的烟碱性激动剂
在优选的实施方案中,用于本发明的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂是在WO99/21834中描述的式I化合物
任何其对映体或其任何混合物,其同位素或其可药用盐;
其中
n是1、2或3;且
m是0、1或2;且
R代表氢、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、烷氧基、酰基或苄基;且
R1代表5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-溴-5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-苯基-3-哒嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-氯-3-哒嗪基;6-碘-3-哒嗪基;6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基;2-吡嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基;5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-溴-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-碘-3-吡啶基;或5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基。
在更优选的实施方案中,用于本发明的化合物是式I化合物,其中
n和m是1;且
R代表氢、甲基或4-叔丁氧基羰基;且
R1代表5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-溴-5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-苯基-3-哒嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-氯-3-哒嗪基;6-碘-3-哒嗪基;6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基;2-吡嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基;5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-溴-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-碘-3-吡啶基;或5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基。
在其最优选的实施方案中,式I化合物是
1-(5-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-5-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基-哌嗪;
1-(6-溴-5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(6-苯基-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪;
1-(6-碘-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪;
1-[6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基]哌嗪;
1-(2-吡嗪基)哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)-4-甲基哌嗪;
1-(6-苯基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
1-(5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪;或
1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
在更优选的实施方案中,用于本发明的化合物是式I化合物,其中
n是2;
m是1;
R代表氢、甲基或4-叔丁氧基羰基;且
R1代表5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-溴-3-吡啶基;6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-溴-5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基;6-苯基-3-哒嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-氯-3-哒嗪基;6-碘-3-哒嗪基;6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基;2-吡嗪基;6-氯-2-吡嗪基;6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基;5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基;5-溴-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-溴-3-吡啶基;6-溴-3-吡啶基;5-氯-6-溴-3-吡啶基;5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基;5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基;5-甲氧基-6-碘-3-吡啶基;或5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基。
在其最优选的实施方案中,式I化合物是
1-(5-溴-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(5-甲氧基-6-溴-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(6-溴-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(5-氯-6-溴-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
1-(5-甲氧基-6-碘-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;或
1-(5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
单胺能物质
单胺活性可通过使用表现出单胺激动或拮抗或单胺再摄取抑制活性的任何单胺能物质来获得。
用于本发明的单胺再摄取抑制剂可特别是混合型单胺再摄取抑制剂、去甲肾上腺素/多巴胺摄取抑制剂、经典三环类抗抑郁剂或选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)。
用于本发明的血清素激活药物包括芬氟拉明、右旋芬氟拉明、色氨酸、氯丙咪嗪、氰丙咪嗪(Cyanimipramine)、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、西酞普兰、苯哌甲氧苯、氰丙咪嗪、舍曲林、西布茶明、文拉法辛、ORG 6582、RU 25591、LM 5008、DU 24565、茚达品、CGP6085/A、WY 25093、丙氨苯丁酯、齐美利定、曲唑酮、阿米替林、丙咪嗪、去郁敏、米氮平、曲米帕明、多塞平、普罗替林、去甲替林、二苯并氧氮、苄甲炔胺、异卡波肼、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、呋喃唑酮、丙卡巴肼、摩氯苯胺、溴法罗明、萘发扎酮、安非他酮、MK-212、DOI、m-CPP、RO 600175/ORG 35030、RO 60-0332/ORG35035、RO 60-0175、ORG 12962、RO 60-0332、α-甲基-5HT、TFMPP、蟾蜍色胺、RU 24969、喹哌嗪、5-羧基酰氨基色胺、舒马曲坦、CGS 12066、8-OH-DPAT、(S)-2-(氯-5-氟-吲哚-1-基)-1-甲基乙基胺、(S)-2-(4,4,7-三甲基-1,4-二氢-茚并(1,2-b)吡咯-1-基)-1-甲基乙基胺、SB 206553及其可药用盐。
优选的血清素激动药物的实例包括MK-212、DOI、m-CPP、RO60-0175/ORG 35030、RO 60-0332/ORG 35035、ORG 12962、(S)-2(氯-5-氟-吲哚-1-基)-1-甲基乙基胺、(S)-2-(4,4,7-三甲基-1,4-二氢茚并(1,2-b)吡咯-1-基)-1-甲基乙基胺和SB 206553。
优选的混合型单胺再摄取抑制药物的实例包括在WO97/16451(NeuroSearch)和WO97/13770(NeuroSearch)或它们的国外同族专利中描述的那些。最优选的混合型单胺再摄取抑制药物包括(1S,3S,4S,5S,8R)-3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-氮杂三环[5.3.0.0]癸-5-醇。
NA/DA摄取抑制剂的实例包括诸如文拉法辛、安非他酮、诺米芬新、Minacipram、瑞波西汀的药物。
优选的经典三环类抗抑郁剂的实例包括诸如丙咪嗪、阿米替林、氯丙咪嗪、多塞平、阿莫沙平、去郁敏、马普替林、去甲替林和普罗替林的药物。
在其最优选的实施方案中,本发明单胺再摄取抑制剂是混合型单胺再摄取抑制剂或选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)。优选的SSRI的实例包括包括诸如Norzimeldine、氟西汀、氯丙咪嗪、舍曲林、氟伏沙明、丙氨苯丁酯、(-)-反式-5-(4-对氟苯基-3-哌啶基甲氧基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯(帕罗西汀)和1-[3(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(对氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-甲腈(西酞普兰)和萘发扎酮。
“双重作用”的化学物质
在另一个实施方案中,治疗作用是用具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂双重活性的物质实现的。用于本发明的具有双重作用的化合物可特别是如在WO00/66586和共同未决的国际专利申请PCT/DK01/00432中描述的二氮杂二环烷烃衍生物,其可由通式II表示:
或是任何式III、IV或V所表示的其二聚物:
其中
n是2;
m是1;且
R和R1当中有一个代表氢或烷基;且
R或R1当中另一个代表苯基、萘基或喹啉基,所述基团可被下列基团取代1次或2次:氯、氟、三氟甲基、甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,且
B代表桥连接基团例如乙二醇。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,用于本发明的化合物是式II的二氮杂二环烷烃衍生物,其中
R或R1当中有一个代表氢或甲基,且
R和R1当中另一个代表2-萘基;2-喹啉基;3,4-二氯苯基;6-喹啉基;4-氟苯基;3-氟苯基;4-三氟甲氧基苯基;3-三氟甲氧基苯基;苯基;或3,4-二氯苯基。
在更优选的的实施方案中,用于本发明的化合物是式II的二氮杂二环烷烃衍生物,其中所述化合物是:
(±)3-(2-萘基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(2-喹啉基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(6-喹啉基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(4-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(3-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(3-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;
(±)3-(苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷;或
(±)3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-9-H-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1-]-壬烷;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
在另一优选的实施方案中,用于本发明的化合物是式IV或V的二氮杂二环烷烃衍生物,其中所述化合物是:
O,O′-双-[5-(9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬-3-基)-3-吡啶基]乙二醇;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,治疗作用是用具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂双重活性的物质实现的。用于本发明的具有双重作用的化合物可特别是羧基VI的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物,
任何其对映体或任何其对映体的混合物,或其可药用盐;
其中
R是氢、烷基、链烯基、环烷基、氰基烷基、苯基、萘基或苄基;且
R1是
其中R2是氢、烷基、环烷基或氨基;或
呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、咪唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或噻唑基,其中所述杂芳基可任选被选自下列的取代基取代一次或多次:烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、氰基烷基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、CN、氨基、硝基和呋喃基;或
萘基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基或噻吩并噻吩基,其中所述二环基团可任选被选自下列的取代基取代一次或多次:烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、氰基烷基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、CN、氨基、硝基和呋喃基。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,式VI的R代表氢、甲基、乙基、烯丙基、氰基甲基或苄基;且
式VI的R1代表乙酰基、3-吡啶基、3-(6-甲氧基)吡啶基、3-(6-氯)吡啶基、2-噻唑基、3-噻吩基、2-噻吩基、2-(3-甲氧基甲基)噻吩基、2-(3-溴)噻吩基、2-(3,4-二溴)噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-(3-溴)噻吩基、3-氯噻吩-2-基、5-吲哚基、3-(3-呋喃基)-2-噻吩基、3-喹啉基、3-苯并呋喃基、2-苯并呋喃基、3-苯并噻吩基、2-苯并噻吩基、2-苯并噻唑基、2-噻吩并[3.2-b]噻吩基、噻吩并[2.3-b]噻吩基、2-(3-溴)苯并呋喃基或2-(3-溴)苯并噻吩基。
在最优选的实施方案中,式VI的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物是:
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-乙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-8-烯丙基-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-8-烯丙基-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-8-烯丙基-3-[2-(3-溴噻吩基)]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-氰基甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
(±)-3-[2-(3,4-二溴噻吩基)]-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;或(±)-3-(5-吲哚基)-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
取代基定义
在本发明上下文中,卤素代表氟、氯、溴或碘原子。因此,三卤代甲基代表例如三氟甲基以及类似的三卤素取代的甲基。
在本发明上下文中,烷基是指单价饱和直链或支链烃链。烃链优选包含1-18个碳原子(C1-18-烷基),更优选1-6个碳原子(C1-6-烷基;低级烷基),包括戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基和异己基。在优选的实施方案中,烷基代表C1-4-烷基,包括丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。在另一优选的本发明实施方案中,烷基代表C1-3-烷基,特别是甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基。
在本发明上下文中,链烯基是指含有一个或多个双键的碳链,包括二烯、三烯和多烯。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的链烯基包含2-8个碳原子(C2-8-链烯基)、更优选2-6个碳原子(C2-6-链烯基),并包含至少一个双键。在最优选的实施方案中,本发明的链烯基是乙烯基;1-丙烯基或2-丙烯基;1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基或3-丁烯基,或1,3-丁二烯基;1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基或5-己烯基,或1,3-己二烯基,或1,3,5-己三烯基;1-辛烯基、2-辛烯基、3-辛烯基、4-辛烯基、5-辛烯基,6-辛烯基或7-辛烯基,或1,3-辛二烯基,或1,3,5-辛三烯基,或1,3,5,7-辛四烯基。
在本发明上下文中,环烷基是指优选含有3-7个碳原子(C3-7-环烷基)的环状烷基,包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
在本发明上下文中,环烷基-烷基是指被如上所定义的烷基取代的如上所定义的环烷基。优选的本发明环烷基-烷基的实例包括环丙基甲基和环丙基乙基。
在本发明上下文中,烷氧基是指“烷基-O-”基团,其中烷基如上所定义。
在本发明上下文中,酰基是指羧基(-COOH)或烷基-羰基(烷基-CO-),其中烷基如上所定义。优选的本发明酰基的实例包括羧基、乙酰基、丙酰基和4-叔丁氧基羰基。
药物组合物
从另一方面来看,本发明涉及烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺再摄取抑制剂在制备用于治疗、预防或减轻包括人在内的个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
因此,本发明药物组合物包含治疗有效量的烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂以及至少一种可药用载体或稀释剂。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明药物组合物包含起烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂作用的物质和起单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂作用的物质。
然而,在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明药物组合物包含具有烟碱性乙酰胆碱激动剂和单胺激动剂或拮抗剂或单胺再摄取抑制剂双重活性的物质。
虽然用于治疗的本发明化合物可以以未加工的化合物的形式给药,但是优选在具有一种或多种助剂、赋形剂、载体、缓冲剂、稀释剂和/或其它常规药物辅料的药物组合物中给药任选呈生理可接受盐形式的活性组分。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其中包含本发明化合物或其可药用盐或衍生物与一种或多种其可药用载体,并任选包含本领域已知且使用的其它治疗用和/或预防用活性组分。载体必须在下述方面是“可接受的”:与制剂的其它组分相配伍,并且对接受者无害。
本发明药物组合物可通过适于所需治疗的任何方便的途径给药。优选的给药途径包括口服给药,特别是以片剂、胶囊、糖锭剂、粉剂、或液体形式口服给药,和非胃肠道给药,特别是经皮、皮下、肌内、或静脉内注射。药物组合物可由本领域技术人员使用适于所需制剂的标准常规技术制得。当需要时,可使用能持续释放活性组分的组合物。
关于制剂和给药技术的进一步详细描述可参见最新一版Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences(Maack Publishing Co.Easton,PA)。
本发明组合物优选用于治疗、预防或减轻个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症。情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症可特别是抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫观念与行为障碍(OCD)、恐慌病症或疼痛。
实际剂量取决于所治疗的疾病的性质和严重程度,应当由医师决定,并且可根据本发明特定情况来改变剂量以产生所需疗效。然而,每单个剂量含有约0.01-约500mg、优选约0.1-约100mg、最优选约1-约10mg活性组分的药物组合物是适于治疗的。
活性组分每天可给药一次或几次。在一些情况下,在低至0.1μg/kg i.v.和1μg/kg p.o.的剂量可获得满意结果。剂量范围的上限为约10mg/kg i.v.和100mg/kg p.o.优选的范围是约0.1μg/kg-约10mg/kg/天i.v.和约1μg/kg-约100mg/kg/天p.o.
实施例
通过下述实施例进一步举例说明本发明,但是这些实施例不是以任何方式限制所要求保护的本发明范围。
实施例1
制备实施例
一般性的
涉及空气敏感试剂或中间体的所有反应都是在氮气氛下以及在无水溶剂中进行的。在后处理操作中,使用硫酸镁作为干燥剂,并且将溶剂减压蒸发。
方法A
1-(5-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1A1)
将3,5-二溴吡啶(100g,422mmol)和哌嗪(72.7g,844mmol)的混合物在130℃搅拌100小时。加入水(400ml),并通过加入盐酸(4M)将pH调节至7。用乙酸乙酯将水相洗涤3次(3×600ml)。通过加入氢氧化钠(200ml,4M)将含水混合物碱化。用乙醚将含水混合物萃取4次(4×500ml)。分离出游离碱形式的产物。产量为44g(43%)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:185.0℃。
1-(5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1A2)
依据方法A制得了该化合物。Mp:195-196℃。
方法B
1-(6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B1)
将3-氯-5-甲氧基吡啶(40.0g,0.279mol)、哌嗪(48.0g,0.557mol)、叔丁醇钾(62.5g,0.557mol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(1.6g,1.39mmol)的混合物回流2小时。依据方法A进行后处理。分离到了作为中间产物的1-(5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐。产量为22.6g(26%)。将1-(5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(23.1g,74.7mmol)、碳酸氢钠水溶液(224ml,1M)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(16.3g,74.7mmol)和二氯甲烷(200ml)的混合物在室温搅拌1小时。分离各相。有机相以定量产率给出了4-叔丁氧基羰基-1-(5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪。在0℃将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(1.82g,10.2mmol)加到4-叔丁氧基羰基-1-(5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪(3.0g,10.2mmol)和乙腈(50ml)的混合物中。让该反应达到室温,并搅拌2小时。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml,4M),然后用乙酸乙酯萃取2次(2×100ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(1∶3)洗脱,获得了游离碱形式的4-叔丁氧基羰基-1-(6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪。产量为2.6g,68%。通过与三氟乙酸(4.8ml)和二氯甲烷(30ml)的混合物一起搅拌6小时来将该化合物(2.32g,6.23mmol)脱保护。将该混合物蒸发,并加入氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml,1M)。用乙酸乙酯将该混合物萃取3次(3×100),获得了游离碱形式的本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)以定量产率获得了相应的盐。Mp:202-218℃。
1-(6-碘-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B2)
按照方法B由1-(5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。其中使用N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺代替N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺。Mp:209.5℃。
1-(6-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B3)
按照方法B由1-(3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:170.8-171.6℃。
1-(6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B4)
按照方法B由1-(5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:199.6-200.2℃。
1-(5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B5)
按照方法B由1-(5-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:199.5℃。
1-(5-溴-6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B6)
按照方法B由1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:185.6℃。
1-(6-溴-5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1B7)
按照方法B由1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:210.4℃。
方法C
1-(5-溴-6-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1C1)
将1-(5,6-二溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪(1.5g,4.7mmol)与浓盐酸(30ml)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌52小时。将该混合物蒸发。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml,1M),然后用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×50ml)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为1.0g(54%).Mp:181.2-185.9℃。
1-(5,6-二氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1C2)
按照方法C由1-(6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:180.3℃。
1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪二盐酸盐(化合物1C3)
按照方法C由1-(6-溴-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:271-273℃。
1-(6-氯-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1C4)
按照方法C与1-(6-溴-5-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:201.3-201.6℃。
方法D
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(化合物1D1)
将(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(24.4g,0.0955mol)、氯代富马酸1-氯乙酯(15.5ml,0.143mol)和二甲苯(200ml)的混合物在回流温度下加热和搅拌24小时。加入甲醇(300ml),然后在回流温度下搅拌和加热22小时。将该混合物冷却至室温,过滤出产物。用乙醚将粗产物重结晶。产量为16g(69%).Mp:252-259℃。
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-乙基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯富马酸盐(化合物1D2)
将(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(2.00g,8.29mmol)、溴乙烷(0.74ml,9.94mmol)、二异丙基乙基胺(2.9ml,16.6mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)的混合物在80℃搅拌7小时。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用乙酸乙酯将该混合物萃取3次(3×50ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为1.00g,31%。Mp:176.9℃。
方法E
(±)-8-烯丙基-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(化合物1E1)
将(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(2.00g,8.29mmol)、3-溴-1-丙烯(0.74ml,9.11mmol)、二异丙基乙基胺(2.9ml,16.6mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)的混合物在80℃搅拌24小时。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用乙酸乙酯将该混合物萃取3次(3×50ml)。将粗产物溶解在乙醚(50ml)中,并用氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M)洗涤。产量为1.44g,62%。Mp:60.6-62.6℃。
(±)-8-烯丙基-3-[2-(3-溴噻吩基)]-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(化合物1E2)
按照方法E制得了该化合物。分离出了作为油状物的该化合物。
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-氰基甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯富马酸盐(化合物1E3)
将(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(2.00g,8.29mmol)、溴乙腈(0.63ml,9.11mmol)、二异丙基乙基胺(2.9ml,16.6mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)的混合物在80℃搅拌2.5小时。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用乙酸乙酯将该混合物萃取3次(3×50ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯(1∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为1.00g,31%。Mp:176.9℃。
方法F
(+)-3-[2-(3,4-二溴噻吩基)]-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯富马酸盐(化合物1F1)
在-80℃向3,4-二溴噻吩(11.7g,48.4mmol)和四氢呋喃的混合物中加入:二异丙基氨基锂(27ml,2M,在庚烷/四氢呋喃/乙基苯中的溶液)。将该混合物在-80℃搅拌1小时。在-80℃加入溶解在四氢呋喃(50ml)中的托品酮(6.73g,48.4mmol),并在-80℃搅拌1小时。让该反应混合物达到室温。加入水(10ml),然后加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M)。将四氢呋喃蒸发。用乙酸乙酯萃取该含水混合物(3×50ml)。中间产物:内和外-3-[2-(3,4-二溴噻吩基)]-3-羟基-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷。向内和外-3-[2-(3,4-二溴噻吩基)]-3-羟基-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷(7.40g,19.4mmol)和四氢呋喃(100ml)的冰冷混合物中加入:亚硫酰氯(25ml)。将该混合物在66℃搅拌2.5小时。将该混合物蒸发,并加入水(100ml)。用乙醚萃取该混合物(3×100ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为5.26g,75%。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:176.9℃。
原料:
(±)-8-甲基-3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(化合物1F2)
在-70℃向在四氢呋喃(300ml)内的8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-酮(12.65g,90.9mmol)中加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钠的四氢呋喃溶液(77.5ml,77.5mmol)。将该反应混合物在-70℃搅拌30分钟。在-70℃加入在四氢呋喃(200ml)中的N-苯基双(三氟甲磺酰胺)(32.5g,90.9mmol)。让该反应混合物缓慢地达到室温,并搅拌过夜。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(0.1M,500ml),用乙酸乙酯将该混合物萃取2次(200ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷和10%乙醇洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为油状物。产量为16.2g,45%。
(±)-3-(5-吲哚基)-8-甲基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(化合物1F3)
将(±)-8-甲基-3-三氟甲磺酰氧基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯(3.37g,12.4mmol)、5-吲哚基硼酸(2.00g,12.4mmol)、氯化锂(1.58g,37.3mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.43mg,0.4mmol)、碳酸钾(5.14g,37.3mmol)、1,3-丙二醇(2.84g,37.3mmol)和1,2二甲氧基乙烷(40ml)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌和加热20小时。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml,1M)。用乙醚将该混合物萃取2次。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为130mg,3.0%。Mp:167.4-178.0℃。
方法G
1-(6-苯基-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1G1)
将3-氯-6-苯基-哒嗪(1.0g,5.25mmol)、哌嗪(2.26g,26.2mmol)和甲苯(50ml)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌过夜。用盐酸(1M)将pH调节至6,用二氯甲烷洗涤水相(3×50ml)。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml,2M)。用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物(3×50ml)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为1.0g,53%。Mp:196.4-199.1℃。
1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪盐酸盐(化合物1G2)
按照方法G制得了该化合物。Mp:285.7℃。
1-(6-氯-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1G3)
按照方法G制得了该化合物。Mp:193℃。
1-(6-碘-3-哒嗪基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1G4)
按照方法G制得了该化合物。Mp:187-190℃。
1-[6-(1-苯并咪唑基)-3-哒嗪基]哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1G5)
按照方法G制得了该化合物。Mp:217.0℃。
1-(2-吡嗪基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1G6)
通过使用钯炭作为催化剂氢化由1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:177.1℃。
方法H
1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)-4-甲基哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1H1)
将1-(6-氯-2-吡嗪基)哌嗪(5.0g,25.2mmol)、甲醛(37wt%,d=1.083,38ml,0.503mol)和甲酸(d=1.22,19ml,0.503mol)一起在回流状态下搅拌6小时。将该混合物蒸发。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,100ml)。用乙醚萃取该混合物(3×100ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为3.97g(74%)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:176.9C。
方法I
1-(6-苯基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1I1)
将1-(6-溴-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(1.0g,2.9mmol)、苯基硼酸(1.06g,8.8mmol)、碳酸钾水溶液(4.3ml,8.7mmol)、水(4.3ml)、异丙醇(0.66ml,8.7mmol)、1.2-二甲氧基乙烷(10ml)和钯(0)四(三苯基膦)(66mg,0.058mmol)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌4天。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml),用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物(3×50ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了1-(6-苯基-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪。将该中间体(0.80g,2.4mmol)、三氟乙酸(1.8ml,23.6mmol)和二氯甲烷(10ml)一起搅拌1.5小时。将该混合物蒸发。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用乙醚萃取该混合物(3×50ml)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:203-204℃。
1-(5-氯-6-苯基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1I2)
按照方法I由1-(6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪制得了该化合物。Mp:181.6-185.4℃。
方法J
1-(5-氯-6-甲基-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(化合物1J1)
将1-(6-溴-5-氯-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(2.0g,5.3mmol)、四甲基锡(1.9g,10.6mmol)、钯-二-(三苯基膦)(0.19g,0.26mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(2ml)的混合物在密封的容器中于160℃搅拌过夜。将该混合物在浓盐酸(30ml)中于回流状态下搅拌15分钟。将该混合物蒸发。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物(3×50ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为0.70g(43%)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:178.1-180.5℃。
方法K
1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)哌嗪富马酸盐(化合物1K1)
将1-(5-溴-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(53.5g,0.156mol)、碳酸钾(54.0g,0.391mol)、碘化铜(I)(5.96g,31.3mmol)、钯炭(20.0g,5%,50%水)、三苯基膦(4.1g,15.6mmol)、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇(131.5g,1.56mol)和二氧杂环己烷(300ml)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌10天。将该粗的混合物经由硅藻土过滤。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(1∶3)洗脱,获得了相应的醇。将该中间体(27.4g,79.3mmol)、氢化钠(0.57g,23.8mmol)和甲苯(200ml)在回流状态下搅拌2天。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(1∶3)洗脱,获得了相应的1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪。产量为16.6g,73%。通过将1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)-4-叔丁氧基羰基哌嗪(1.02g,3.55mmol)、三氟乙酸(2.7ml,35.5mmol)和二氯甲烷(10ml)搅拌过夜来除去保护基。将该混合物蒸发。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml,1M),用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物(3×50ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化该粗的混合物,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为0.66g(99%)。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:175.1℃。
实施例2
制备实施例
一般性的
涉及空气敏感试剂或中间体的所有反应都是在氮气氛下以及在无水溶剂中进行的。在后处理操作中,使用硫酸镁作为干燥剂,并且将溶剂减压蒸发。
9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷
是依据[Michaels RJ和Zaugg HE;J.Org.Chem.1960,25,637]制得的。
(±)3-(2-萘基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A)
将2-溴萘(5.0g;24.1mmol)、9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]壬烷(3.38g;24.1mmol)和palladacycle(0.045g;0.048mmol)[Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1995,34,1844]的混合物在150℃搅拌2天。在室温加入氢氧化钠(50ml;1M)。用乙醚萃取该混合物(2×100ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为0.30g;3%。Mp:173-174℃。
(±)3-(2-喹啉基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2B)
将2-氯喹啉(5.0g;30.6mmol)和9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(3.38g;24.1mmol)的混合物在没有溶剂存在的情况下于140℃搅拌4小时。在室温加入氢氧化钠(50ml;1M)。用乙醚萃取该混合物(2×100ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。产量为5.2g;44%。Mp:173.0-174.2℃。
方法A
(±)3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A1)
将1-溴-3,4-二氯苯(6.65g;29.6mmol)和9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(5.0g;35.5mmol)、叔丁醇钾(6.64g;59.2mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0)(1.0g;0.88mmol)和1,2二甲氧基乙烷的混合物搅拌过夜。在室温加入氢氧化钠(50ml;1M)。用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物(2×40ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为2.41g;29%。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:114.4℃。
(±)3-(6-喹啉基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A2)
按照方法A,使用6-氯喹啉作为原料和palladacycle[Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1995,34,1844]、乙酸钯以及2-联苯基-二叔丁基膦作为催化剂制得了该化合物,Mp:164-166℃。
(±)3-(4-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A3)
按照方法A制得了该化合物。该产物是从3-(3-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷和3-(4-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷的反应混合物中分离出来的。Mp:123.7℃。
(±)3-(3-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A4)
按照方法A制得了该化合物。该产物是从3-(3-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷和3-(4-氟苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷的反应混合物中分离出来的。Mp:138.6℃。
(±)3-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(化合物2A5)
按照方法A制得了该化合物。该产物是从3-(3-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷和3-(4-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷的反应混合物中分离出来的。产物是作为油状物分离出来的。
(±)3-(3-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(化合物2A6)
按照方法A制得了该化合物。该产物是从3-(3-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷和3-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷的反应混合物中分离出来的。产物是作为油状物分离出来的。
(±)3-(苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2A7)
按照方法A制得了该化合物。Mp:143.9℃。
方法B
(±)3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-9-H-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷富马酸盐(化合物2B1)
将3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(0.50g;1.8mmol)、氯甲酸1-氯乙酯(0.63g;4.4mmol)和二甲苯(10ml)的混合物在回流状态下搅拌24小时,加入甲醇(10ml),并将该混合物在回流状态下搅拌5小时。在室温加入氢氧化钠(50ml;1M)。用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物(2×40ml)。通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物。产量为0.14g;29%。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得相应的盐。Mp:222.3℃。
3-[(5-氯吡啶-3-基)-5-氧基乙氧基吡啶-3-基]-9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(化合物2B2)和
O,O′-双-[5-(9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷-3-基)-3-吡啶基]-乙二醇富马酸盐(化合物2B3)
将O,O′-双-(5-氯-3-吡啶基)-乙二醇(2.0g;7.0mmol)、9-甲基-3,9-二氮杂二环-[4.2.1]-壬烷(3.9g;28.1mmol)、碳酸铯(4.6g;14.0mmol)、palladacycle(0.050g;0.053mmol)、乙酸钯(0.050g;0.22mmol)、2-联苯基-二叔丁基膦(0.05g;0.17mmol)和三叔丁基膦(0.05g;0.25mmol)在130℃搅拌过夜。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50ml;1M),用乙醚将该混合物萃取5次(5×30ml)。将该粗的混合物蒸发,通过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷、甲醇和浓氨水的混合物(89∶10∶1)洗脱,获得了本标题化合物化合物(A),为游离碱形式,产量为0.40g;20%,Mp:112-113℃,和(B),产量为0.40g;15%。通过加入用富马酸饱和的乙醚与甲醇的混合物(9∶1)获得B的相应盐。Mp:84-88℃。
O,O′-双-(5-氯-3-吡啶基)乙二醇
将乙二醇(138.4g;2.23mol)与钠(12.3g;0.53mol)的混合物在80℃搅拌4小时。将3,5-二氯吡啶(66.0g;0.45mol)和二甲亚砜(300ml)在110℃搅拌10小时。让该混合物达到室温。加入氢氧化钠水溶液(1M;600ml),将该混合物搅拌并过滤。分离到了本标题化合物,为结晶产物(8.7g;6.8%)。Mp:136-138℃。
实施例3
生物活性
小鼠被迫游泳测试
全身施用经典的抗抑郁剂(去郁敏)会引起小鼠在小水池中的被迫游泳距离增加。因此,被迫游泳试验是可能的抗抑郁剂药理作用的预测测试。
在实验前,让雌性NMRI小鼠(20-25g)熟悉实验室环境(12小时的光照/黑暗循环)至少16小时。
皮下注射载体或药物30分钟后,将小鼠置于装有水(24℃)直至距离顶端边缘10cm的玻璃烧杯(d=16cm;5000ml)中。对于随后的6分钟,记录定义为游泳速度小于2.5cm/分钟的不运动的持续时间,和定义为以超过5cm/分钟的速度游泳的距离的被迫游泳距离。每组8只小鼠。
通过View Point系统跟踪小鼠的活动,以测定距离、不动性和速度。
以15秒的时间间隔给出不运动时间±SEM(秒)和被迫游泳距离±SEM(cm)并在SigmaPlot中制图。对于每一组,计算在60-360秒时间间隔中的平均不运动时间和总的游泳距离。表现出与载体治疗组显著不同的剂量作为最小有效剂量(MED s.c.mg/kg)给出。
在小鼠被迫游泳测试(mFST)中测定1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)哌嗪(实施例1的化合物1C3)(0.3、1、3、10mg/kg s.c.),进行30分钟的预治疗后,其不影响被迫游泳。然而,文拉法辛与化合物1C3的组合(1+3;3+3;10+1;10+3mg/kg s.c.)显著提高了NMRI小鼠的被迫游泳。
用下列组合观察到了类似作用:
文拉法辛(10mg/kg sc)和在WO99/21834中作为化合物9K公开的高哌嗪化合物1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪(0.1、0.3mg/kg s.c.);
文拉法辛(10mg/kg sc)和在WO99/21834中作为化合物12J公开的高哌嗪化合物1-(5-乙炔基-3-吡啶基)高哌嗪(0.1、0.3mg/kg s.c.);和
文拉法辛(10mg/kg sc)和在WO99/21834中作为化合物1F公开的高哌嗪化合物1-(3-吡啶基)高哌嗪(0.1、0.3mg/kg s.c.)。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物,其中
R是氢;和
R1是2-苯并噻吩基。
3.权利要求1的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物,其为
(±)-3-(2-苯并噻吩基)-8-H-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯;
或其对映体或对映体的混合物,或其同位素或其可药用盐。
4.药物组合物,其中包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-3任何一项的8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯衍生物以及至少一种可药用载体或稀释剂。
5.权利要求4的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物是用于治疗、预防或减轻个体中情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症的组合物。
6.权利要求5的药物组合物,其中所述情感性精神障碍、疾病或病症是抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫观念与行为障碍(OCD)、恐慌病症或疼痛。
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US7592343B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2009-09-22 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Pyridazine-piperazine compounds and their use as stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors |
EP1799668A1 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2007-06-27 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Heterocyclic derivatives and their use as mediators of stearoyl-coa desaturase |
JP4958786B2 (ja) | 2004-09-20 | 2012-06-20 | ゼノン・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッド | 複素環誘導体および治療薬としてのそれらの使用 |
CA2580787A1 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-30 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Heterocyclic derivatives for the treatment of diseases mediated by stearoyl-coa desaturase enzymes |
BRPI0515488A (pt) | 2004-09-20 | 2008-07-29 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc | derivados de heterocìclicos e seu uso como agentes terapêuticos |
US8071603B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2011-12-06 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Heterocyclic derivatives and their use as stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors |
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BRPI0611187A2 (pt) | 2005-06-03 | 2010-08-24 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc | derivados aminotiazàis como inibidores da estearoil-coa desaturase humana |
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ATE334979T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
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ES2269467T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
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US20040092508A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
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