CN100386687C - 用于平板显示器的照明装置 - Google Patents

用于平板显示器的照明装置 Download PDF

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CN100386687C
CN100386687C CNB2004800157892A CN200480015789A CN100386687C CN 100386687 C CN100386687 C CN 100386687C CN B2004800157892 A CNB2004800157892 A CN B2004800157892A CN 200480015789 A CN200480015789 A CN 200480015789A CN 100386687 C CN100386687 C CN 100386687C
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阿德里安·罗伯特·莉·特拉维斯
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于平板显示器的照明装置，包括与显示器共同延伸的锥形板波导(1)；光源(2～4)，用于将光投射到波导的一个边缘，使得它在波导的表面上射出；以及扫描装置，用于扫描投射到楔形体的光，使得依次照亮板的不同区域。光源最好是一组多行LED，每一行以不同的角度范围投射光，使得光在波导(1)的不同区域射出。

Description

用于平板显示器的照明装置
技术领域
本发明描述一种制作显示器的方法，以及具体地说，本发明企图使得能够显示移动图像而没有拖影的液晶显示器成为可能。
背景技术
液晶显示器比阴极射线管更紧凑，于是人们正在用它们替换来用于电视和用作计算机显示器。但是，电视常常被用来显示体育和其它快速移动图像，以及例如球和人这样的移动目标的图像在液晶显示器上会出现拖影。这不是因为液晶切换慢，而是因为来自液晶像素的发射是持续的，而来自阴极射线管的发射则是脉冲式的，就像现在将解释的一样。
液晶显示器传统上包括液晶板和背光。通过对液晶的透明度进行空间调制，来在该板上形成图形，以及通过背光使得观看者能够看到该图形。这个背光必须稀，但是又薄又大的足以照亮液晶板的荧光管特别脆。因此，背光常常包括：薄的透明塑料楔形体、以及临近该楔形体的厚端的圆柱形荧光管——参考例如EP-A1-663600(NittoJushi)。
荧光管在一个方向范围上发出的光通过楔形体的厚端进入该楔形体，然后通过楔形体/空气界面的全内反射沿着该锥形的轴传播，如图1所示。因为波导是锥形的，也就是说，它的表面不是那么平行，所以每次射线从楔形体的一面反射时，射线相对于相对面法向的角度就减小。最后达到临界角，并且射线进入空气。除非它们被散射掉，否则射线沿着接近楔形体/空气界面的平面的方向出现。因此常常在楔形体的表面放置棱镜薄膜，以便偏转射线，从而使它们的平均方向垂直于楔形体/空气界面。
常常将制作楔形体的材料设计成能够略微地散射光。效果是从楔形体出来的光的方向出现发散，从而能够在一个宽视野上看到液晶板上的图像。这样就得到了均匀的照明。
如果随着眼睛跨过屏幕而跟随球的图像，那么，为了避免模糊，每次眼睛的注意中心移过一个像素的时候，球的图像应该移过一个像素。但是，视频显示器上的移动图像是由被称为帧的静止图像构成的，它们按照设定的速率更新，也就是每六十分之一秒钟更新一次。假设正在显示移动球的图像，以及该图像在每帧之间移动十个像素。在每帧的开始，球的图像在一瞬间与眼睛的注意中心重合，但是每十分之一帧周期，眼睛的注意中心移动一个像素，而球的图像维持在它原来的地方。因此球的图像有多达十个像素宽度的模糊。
阴极射线管能够避免模糊是因为像素是脉冲式的，因此眼睛只在每一帧的开始时刻，或者是这些像素被寻址的时刻，当图像与眼睛的注意中心重合的时候，看到球的图像。眼睛再也不会看到任何东西，直到图像再次与眼睛的注意中心重合，这之间的黑暗期难以察觉，因为眼睛不能检测六十分之一秒周期内的闪烁。在液晶显示器中消除模糊的一种途径是构造液晶显示器，使得它与阴极射线管一样，被寻址以后迅速进入黑暗状态。但是，在工作比的大部分中的阻挡光线会浪费功率。消除模糊的另一种方式，如同视频投影仪中采用的一样，是扫描照射液晶显示器，但是这样做需要庞大的光学系统，这在视频投影仪中是可以接受的，但是在使得液晶显示器如此受欢迎的平坦形式中确实难以接受的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种平板扫描照明装置，它包括透明楔形体以及扫描投射到楔形体厚端的光的方向的装置。
根据本发明，用于平板显示器的照明装置包括：锥形板波导，其是与显示器共同延伸的；光源，将光投射到该波导的一个边缘，使得光在与投射的面外角相关的点、在波导的表面射出；以及扫描装置，用于扫描投射到该边缘中的光；该扫描装置适于以相对于波导平面变化的角度扫描光，使得光在扫描周期内在该显示器的不同部分射出，从而依次照射板的不同区域。优选地，光源是一组多行LED，每一行在不同的角度范围处投射光，从而使它在波导的不同区域上射出。这些行LED与锥形波导的输入边缘平行。
原则上，有可能任意细分输入光，尽管很清楚它应该与显示像素的寻址同步。可以排列两条或者更多平行条形光，如果能够按照需要的速度控制它们，甚至可以用具有一个或者多个快门或者转向装置的单个光源，不管是电学的、光学的还是机械的。总之，输入光的扫描应该是分块的，对应于显示器上的行数，虽然理论上讲沿着行的方向进行细分不是不可能的。
这个照明装置可以被用作任意一种背光显示器的光源，虽然液晶显示器是非常理想的。
所述波导在字面上说是锥形的，也就是说在它的表面射出之前通过它的传播方向上有一个逐渐细下来的横截面；或者用“光学锥形”，例如利用折射指数的变化，来得到同样的效果。
本发明还提供一种显示器，包括：根据本发明的照明装置，用作背光；以及显示器波导上的平板调制器。
本发明还提供一种显示器，包括：根据本发明的照明装置，用作背光，其中光源由可寻址的多行元件组成，扫描装置包括扫描寻址电路，用于对这些行进行寻址；以及显示器波导上的平板调制器，该调制器是液晶显示器，其中该扫描寻址电路与该液晶显示器的行寻址电路同步。
附图说明
为了帮助理解，将参考附图，以实例的形式给出本发明的具体实施例，在这些附图中：
图1示出光投射到楔形体的角度如何改变光出现的位置；
图2从侧面和正面说明如何将三行发光二极管安装在反射镜焦面的不同位置，从而使它们中的每一个照亮液晶显示器不同的一段；
图3与图2相同，但是说明三分之一帧之后如何照亮所述屏幕；
图4与图2相同，但是说明三分之二帧以后如何照亮所述屏幕；和
图5用侧视图和正视图说明可以将具有共享厚端的一对楔形体用于将从三行发光二极管出来的光引导到液晶板后面的不同区域。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，楔形通常平坦的矩形波导1完全透明并且没有散射杂质，波导1具有厚端，在这里是在显示器的底边缘，该厚端被圆柱镜面5的焦面中的线性LED阵列2、3和4照亮。每一个阵列都包括一行大约5毫米直径的LED，沿着显示器可以是30～100厘米的宽度方向上延伸。
从反射镜反射的平行光进入所述楔形体的厚端10，它被倾斜，从而大致垂直于入射光，并且以更窄的角度跳向薄端，直到在由它的输入角确定的位置处离开。输入角越陡，光线离开得越早。例如EP-A1-663600(Nitto Jushi)描述了这一原理。但是，在这里，输入光在输入角的所述范围内被细分；选择LED阵列和所述锥形的大小，从而使来自LED(例如来自单独一行)的光只从显示器高度的三分之一离开。这样它们之间的三个相邻行覆盖显示器的整个高度范围。(例如“高度”、“水平”等这样的词当然是相对于正常定位的显示器而使用的。)
如下所述，这个背光组合用于标准液晶显示器。一旦将一帧的上部三分之一写入液晶显示器，第一个LED阵列2就发亮。这个阵列出来的光对准一组角度，该光注入楔形体1的厚端以后，继续前进，从楔形体1的上部三分之一出现。在这里这些射线在通过液晶显示器7之前或者之后应该用一片棱柱形薄膜6弯曲到法线方向并散射。
一旦将这一帧的中心三分之一写入这一液晶显示器，就关闭第一个LED阵列2，打开第二个LED阵列3，如图3所示。从第二个LED阵列3发出的光对准相邻的一组角度，该光注入楔形体的厚端以后，继续往前从楔形体的中心出来。
最后，一旦这一帧的下部三分之一被写入这个液晶显示器，就关闭中心LED阵列3，打开第三个LED阵列4，使得照亮液晶显示器的下三分之一。与此同时，开始将下一帧的上部三分之一写入液晶板的上三分之一，诸如此类。这一点在图4中说明。
这些LED的控制器与显示器的控制器同步，从而在板上对应的三分之一被寻址的时候，每一行2、3、4发亮，在三分之一周期的时间内它维持点亮状态。很清楚，可以有两行、四行或者从原理上讲任意行。发现对于标准的14英寸屏幕细分成三份能够给出小到可以接受水平的拖影。
彩色图形需要红色、绿色和蓝色LED，常常需要将这些交叉起来，以便在它们到达液晶显示器之前混合不同颜色的光。此外，一般而言需要将楔形体的厚端延伸到液晶显示器的底部以外，使得具有可以在其中进行混合的一段长度，并且使得在这个液晶板的底部和外面光照是均匀的白色。这个延伸部分在扫描照射方案中可能需要比较长，因为以特定波长照亮液晶板特定区域的LED将比通常间隔更大。如果需要，这个延伸部分可以用棱镜折叠到液晶板的后面，从而使延伸部分的额外长度不会在形状系数上产生难以接受的改变。
这个圆柱形反射镜是一个略显庞大的元件，将它换成第二个短楔形体8，作为照明楔形体1的输入元件更好，如图5所示。输入楔形体8起相反的作用，使得来自LED 2的从楔形体8尖端附近投射的光在输入楔形体8和显示楔形体1之间的界面形成具有小角度的一些射线，并且因此在接近显示楔形体1的尖端射出，而在接近输入楔形体8底部投射的光在这个楔形体和显示楔形体1之间的界面上形成具有陡的角度的一些射线，从而使光在接近显示器的底部射出。
在上述实施例中，照明的扫描是垂直的。这样做更好，因为显示器的扫描也是垂直的，也就是说逐行扫描，但是在水平方向划分也是可以想到的。将LED用作光源也是更好，因为它们切换快，但是也可以采用其它光源。
这个实例还采用了几何形状是锥形的楔形体形波导，但是用“光学锥形”波导，例如，用GRIN技术制作的波导，也能得到同样的效果。为了方便起见，将这些显示器叫做“锥形的”。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于平板显示器的照明装置，包括：锥形板波导(1)，其是与该显示器共同延伸的；光源(2～4)，用于将光投射到该波导的一个边缘上，使得所述光在与投射的面外角相关的点、在该波导的表面上射出；以及扫描装置，用于扫描投射到所述边缘中的所述光；
其特征在于，所述扫描装置适于以相对于所述波导平面变化的角度扫描光，使得光在扫描周期内在该显示器的不同部分射出。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，该光源由可寻址的多行元件组成，以及所述扫描装置包括对这些行进行寻址的电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的照明装置，其中，来自所述多个元件的所述光通过圆柱形反射镜(5)被对准到显示器波导中。
4.如权利要求2所述的照明装置，其中，来自所述多个元件的光通过另一个波导(8)被对准到显示器波导中。
5.如权利要求2到4中的任意一个所述的照明装置，其中，所述多个元件是LED。
6.如权利要求1到4中的任意一个所述的照明装置，还包括一薄片(6)，用于将所述射出的光引导至朝向显示器波导的法线。
7.一种显示器，包括：根据权利要求1到4中的任意一个所述的照明装置，用作背光；以及显示器波导上的平板调制器。
8.如权利要求7所述的显示器，其中，所述调制器是液晶显示器。
9.一种显示器，包括：根据权利要求5所述的照明装置，用作背光；以及显示器波导上的平板调制器。
10.如权利要求9所述的显示器，其中，所述调制器是液晶显示器。
11.一种显示器，包括：根据权利要求6所述的照明装置，用作背光；以及显示器波导上的平板调制器。
12.如权利要求11所述的显示器，其中，所述调制器是液晶显示器。
13.一种显示器，包括：
照明装置，用作背光，包括：锥形板波导(1)，其是与该显示器共同延伸的；光源(2～4)，用于将光投射到该波导的一个边缘上，使得所述光在与投射的面外角相关的点、在该波导的表面上射出；以及扫描装置，用于扫描投射到所述边缘中的所述光；其中，所述扫描装置适于以相对于所述波导平面变化的角度扫描光，使得光在扫描周期内在该显示器的不同部分射出；该光源由可寻址的多行元件组成，以及所述扫描装置包括扫描寻址电路，用于对这些行进行寻址；以及
显示器波导上的平板调制器，所述调制器是液晶显示器；
其中，该扫描寻址电路与该液晶显示器的行寻址电路同步。
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