CN100377713C - 避孕组合物 - Google Patents

避孕组合物 Download PDF

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CN100377713C
CN100377713C CNB2004100590293A CN200410059029A CN100377713C CN 100377713 C CN100377713 C CN 100377713C CN B2004100590293 A CNB2004100590293 A CN B2004100590293A CN 200410059029 A CN200410059029 A CN 200410059029A CN 100377713 C CN100377713 C CN 100377713C
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progestogen
estrogen
gestodene
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J·斯波纳
B·达斯特伯格
F·卢迪克
W·费克丁格
M·艾尔斯坦
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/565Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
    • A61K31/567Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol substituted in position 17 alpha, e.g. mestranol, norethandrolone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/57Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/58Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
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    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
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    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/18Feminine contraceptives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Abstract

本发明涉及一种组合物在制备尚未达到绝经期前期的育龄妇女避孕用的剂量形式中的应用,该组合物含有选自下列的雌激素,2.0至6.0mg17β-雌二醇和0.015至0.020mg炔雌醇;并含有选自下列的孕激素:0.05至0.075mg孕二烯酮、0.075至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、0.06至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、0.06至0.15mg3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、1至3mg屈螺酮、1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和>0.35至0.75mg炔诺酮,在总共28天的服药周期中有23或24天服用该剂量形式,从月经周期的第一天开始服用,接着有5或4天不服药丸或服糖丸,本发明还涉及一种以此组合物为基础的用于口服避孕的单相联合制剂。

Description

避孕组合物
本申请是申请日为1994年12月22日、申请号为94194888.9、发明名称为“避孕组合物”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及在制备用于避孕的口服单相联合制剂时对雌激素和孕激素的共同应用和一相应的内含该单相联合制剂的包装。
用于避孕的口服联合制剂已公知,例如Femovan(DE-PS2546062)或Marvelon(DE-OS 2361120)。该制剂由21个含有活性物质(雌激素/孕激素)的剂量单位和7颗不含活性物质的包衣片(糖丸;安慰剂)组成。日服药量是相同的(所谓的单相制剂)并在整个服药期和停药期或服用安慰剂期间都能实现理想的避孕效果。为了引起可靠的停药性出血并因此实现令人满意的月经控制,直至不久前还一直认为对大多数制剂有必要停服7天含有活性物质的剂量单位。
其它制剂具有多于21个含有雌激素和孕激素的活性物质的剂量单位并且该制剂的停药期部分地(Ijzerman,Pasquale)或完全地(Kuhl)由含有雌激素的剂量单位跨接。其中可以用共轭雌激素、优先选用雌二醇部分或完全地替代通常在口服避孕药中含有的合成雌激素炔雌醇。
在EP-AS 0491438和0491415中对用于荷尔蒙避孕的低剂量三相联合制剂已做了记载,该制剂含有21至24或24个每日雌激素/孕激素-剂量单位。根据EP-A 0491438的教导,首先从月经周期第一天开始服用为补足通常28天周期用的安慰剂或首先有一个不服用任何避孕类甾醇的不服药间隔。
在EP-A-0253607记载了一种用于对绝经期前的妇女(从大约40岁开始)进行替代治疗和避孕的联合制剂。该联合制剂包含选自下组的雌激素
17β-雌二醇,
炔雌醇和
乙炔雌二醇甲酯
以及由下组构成的孕激素
左炔诺孕酮,
孕二烯酮
脱氧炔诺酮
3-酮脱氧炔诺酮和
炔诺酮。
选用的这种组合物将对绝经前过度期的荷尔蒙的无规律状况进行调整并有助于缓解在此期间妇女机体的荷尔蒙调整造成的痛若。同时这种组合物确保了绝经期前妇女在该年龄段尚需要的避孕。
在近20年内为绝经期前的育龄妇女研制的新型口服避孕药的特点首先在于减少了雌激素和孕激素的剂量。
减少每日荷尔蒙的剂量旨在最大限度地降低不需要的副作用的发生率。在此期间提出的流行病数据证实了与心血管并发症相关的对小剂量制剂的较好的承受能力的理想的趋势[(1)Thorogood M.Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Disease:An EpidemiologicOverview;Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety,Vol.2:3-16(1993);(2.)Gerstman B B,Piper J M,Tomita D K,Ferguson W J,Stadel B V,Lundin F E;Oral Contraceptive Estrogen Dose and theRisk of Deep Venous Thromboembolic Disease,Am J E,Vol.133,No1,32-36(1991);(3.)Lidegaard O,Oral contraception and rist of acerebral thromboembolic attack:results of a case-control study;BMJVol 306,956-63(1993);(4.)Vessey M,Mant D,Smith A,YeatesD.,Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism:findings in alarge prospective study;BMJ,Vol 292,(1986);(5.)Mishell D R,OralContraception:Past,Present,and Future Perspectives;Int J Fertil,36Suppl.,7-18(1991)]。
经认定,首先雌激素剂量的多寡与心血管病发病率有着相关的关系。但实现避孕效果与大幅度减少每日雌激素的剂量是矛盾的。尽管低剂量的口服避孕药的抑制排卵作用主要是由孕激素成分引起的,但雌激素成分对中枢抑制和排卵抑制也起着重要的作用。此外,为了保证令人满意的月经控制,每日的雌激素剂量不得低于极限剂量范围(Der Frauenarzt;34,7:793(1993))。
目前市场上销售的在口服避孕药内含有的最小的雌激素剂量为20μg炔雌醇,混合以150μg脱氧炔诺酮(Mercilon)。虽然与具有大雌激素剂量的制剂相比该制剂的月经控制作用不太理想,但是对Mercilon的广泛接受说明该缺点的临床作用很小。但经多次试验得出的一致结论是,含有20μg炔雌醇的制剂排卵抑制作用较低,这是一个重大的临床问题。很明显,如果使用非常低的雌激素剂量在许多妇女中将导致卵泡成熟,此点用超声波试验或荷尔蒙试验可以证实。(6.)Lunell N O,Carlstrom K,Zador G,Ovulation inhibitionwith a combined oral contraceptive containing 20μg ethinylestradioland 250μg levonorgestrel;Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl.88:17-21(1979);(7.)Mau-Haefeli M,Werner-Zodrow,I,Huber P R,Klinische Erfahrungen nit Mercilon und Marvelon unter besondererBerucksichtigung der Ovar-Funktion,Geburtsh.und Frauenheilk.51,35-38,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart-New York(1991);(8.)Strobel E,Behandlung mit oralen Kontrazeptiva;Fortschr.Med.110Jg.Nr.20(1992);(9.)Letter to Editor,Contraception 45:519-521(1992);(10.)Teichmann A T,Brill K,Can Dose Reduction ofEthinylestradiol in OCs jeopardize Ovarian Suppression and Cycle Con-trol?Abstract Book,Vlllth World Congress on Human Reproduction,Bali,lndonesia(1993)].
进行的荷尔蒙检测表明,涉及的是分泌17β-雌二醇的卵泡粒。在那些具有明显排卵活性,即卵泡成熟的妇女中,每次服药错误都会加速提高促性腺激素的分泌。因此也就具备了排卵的条件。据估计,在应用一年中大约有三分之一的妇女服用口服避孕药是无规律的(Gynpress,I.Jahrgang,Nr.3,1990)。所以尤其是在服用20μg炔雌醇制剂时的服用错误情况下,怀孕的风险是很大的。
本发明的目的在于为育龄妇女提出一种经改进的单相联合制剂,这些育龄妇女尚未处于绝经期前期,该制剂的每个单独的剂量单位内含有雌激素和孕激素,在每个剂量单位内雌激素含量尽可能低,而且在每个服药周期的荷尔蒙总含量也尽可能低。
经发现,采用下述组合物,在低的每日雌激素剂量和每个服药周期内低的总雌激素量及低的总荷尔蒙量的情况下可以实现无经常的卵泡成熟的明显的排卵抑制,该组合物含有的雌激素选自:
2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.015至0.020mg炔雌醇;
该组合物含有的孕激素选自
0.05至0.075mg孕二烯酮
0.075至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮(Levonorgestrel)、
0.06至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
0.06至0.15mg3-酮脱氧炔诺酮(3-Ketodesogestrel)、
1至3mg屈螺酮(Drospirenone)、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯、
>0.35至0.75mg炔诺酮,
用该组合物制备给尚未到达绝经期前期的育龄妇女避孕用的剂量形式,在28天的服药周期中,该剂量形式的服药期为23或24天,从月经周期第一天开始(月经出血第一天),接着5或4天不服药丸或服糖丸。
在全部23天或24天内各个剂量形式的雌激素/孕激素量应恒定不变。
在本发明中使用的概念“绝经期前”和“绝经期”系通用的定义,参见“The Controversial Climacteric”,P.A.van Keep etal.,Ed.,MTP Press(1981),z.B.S,9.
每天的荷尔蒙剂量保持在最低程度,同时通常的21天服药期延长2天或3天。为避免服药错误,一个周期内的剩余的5天或4天用安慰剂跨接,或有5天或4天不服药。
依照本发明的优选实施方式,这涉及下述组合物制备上述避孕用剂量形式的应用,该组合物含有的雌激素选自。
>2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.020mg炔雌醇;
该组合物含有的孕激素选自、
>0.06至0.075mg孕二烯酮、
>0.100至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、
>0.10至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
>0.1至0.15mg 3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、
2.5至3.0mg屈螺酮、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和
0.50至0.75mg炔诺酮.
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,所述雌激素是20μg剂量的炔雌醇或等效剂量的17β-雌二醇并且孕激素是75μg剂量的孕二烯酮或等效剂量的左炔诺孕酮、环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮.
此外本发明涉及一种用于口服避孕的单相混合产品,该产品含有
(a)23个或24个剂量单位,每个剂量单位含有选自下列的雌激素>2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.020mg炔雌醇;
并含有选自下列的孕激素
>0.06至0.075mg孕二烯酮、
>0.100至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、
>0.10至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
>0.10至0.15mg 3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、
2.5至3.0mg屈螺酮、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和
0.50至0.75mg炔诺酮和
(b)5颗粒或4颗糖丸或其它标志,以便指示在对23或24个剂量单位每日服药后接着5或4天不服药丸或服糖丸。
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,单相联合制剂中所含雌激素是20μg剂量的炔雌醇或等效剂量的17β-雌二醇并且孕激素是75μg剂量的孕二烯酮或等效剂量的左炔诺孕酮、环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,单相联合制剂含有23个剂量单位和5颗糖丸或其它标示,以便指示在月经周期的最后5天不服用剂量单位或服用糖丸。
在本发明的再一优选实施方案中,单相联合制剂含有23个剂量单位,每个剂量单位各包含20μg炔雌醇和75μg孕二烯酮,并含有5颗糖丸或其它标示,用以指示在月经周期的最后5天内不服用剂量单位或服用糖丸。
依照本发明,尤其优选的联合制剂具有23个剂量单位。
尤其优选的是一种含有23个剂量单位的单相联合制剂,该制剂的每个剂量单位内含有20g炔雌醇和75g孕二烯酮,该制剂还含有5颗糖丸或其它标示,以便指示,在月经周期最后5天不服用剂量单位或服用糖丸。
用炔雌醇作为雌激素和孕二烯酮作为本发明可能的孕激素物类的代表进行了下面简述的临床研究。
与21天给药相比,20μg炔雌醇混合以75g孕二烯酮23天给药将实现更强的排卵抑制效果。在对身体健康、排卵功能正常的妇女进行的双盲、随机研究中,接受试验的妇女分为每组30人,备组服用所述联合制剂,或者每日一次,服用21天,或者每日一次,服用23天以及服用安慰剂7天或5天(以便保证该试验的双盲特性)。
在经一未加治疗的排卵的前一周期后的接着的那一周期行经出血的第一天开始治疗并总共延续3个治疗周期。最后用一未加治疗的周期结束试验。
利用内源17β-雌二醇含量和卵泡结构大小测定排卵抑制作用。测定结果表明,与21天服药的情况相比23天服用试验制剂时的17β-雌二醇的含量显著降低(p<0.05)(图1)。
而且与该检查结果一致,在21次给药的情况下卵泡成熟的妇女的数量要大大多于23次服药的情况(图2)。
在每日剂量保持很低不变的情况下服药期仅延长2天就可实现明显增强的排卵抑制作用。本发明的联合制剂因此可以实现迄今对具有日含量30μg炔雌醇的制剂已知的效果,尽管每日的炔雌醇剂量低33%并且每个周期的总剂量低27%。
与炔雌醇少于30μg的通常的21天制剂相比,用于口服避孕的服药23天的联合制剂的优点如下:
1.服用者卵泡成熟的概率明显较低(服用23天制剂的妇女中最大值为13%,服用21天制剂的妇女中最大为40%)。这意味着23天制剂的避孕可靠性要高,尤其是在出现上述服药错误时。“穿破性排卵”的危险较小。
2.出现直径大于30mm的大型卵子是极其少有的。与21天制剂相比,在服用23天制剂的情况下生成卵囊是不可能的。
3.在很短的服药间歇期内对优势卵子的补充也进行抑制。
4.在绝大部分服用23天制剂的妇女中都可以较好地控制抑制内源17β-雌二醇含量。在采用23天制剂的情况下,诸如胸胀、绝经前综合症和月经紊乱等由于雌二醇含量增高和波动大引起的临床症状的发生率明显降低。
综上所述,服用每个日剂量单位内含有20μg炔雌醇的制剂的时间延长2(或3)天将会带来上述优点,而不必把日剂量增大到迄今广泛应用的30μg炔雌醇的程度。
依照本发明采用单相联合制剂可实现上述优点,尤其是对卵泡成熟的更有效抑制。与多相制剂相比,单相制剂以各种优点为特征:
1.制做简便
2.不会由于未注意服药顺序而造成的药丸混淆。
3.很容易实现经期的推迟。
4.服用者很易于理解服用说明
5.在包装或内含剂量单位的罩壳上不必备有提请注意服用顺序的标号。
用于本发明或本发明联合制剂的雌激素和孕激素的配方完全与对21天活性物质服药周期的诸如Femovan(炔雌醇/孕二烯酮)或Microgynon(炔雌醇/左炔诺孕酮)等通用口服避孕药公知的内容相同。
含有本发明联合制剂的包装同样与公知的市场上销售的口服避孕药的包装结构类似,其不同点在于,不是通常的21个含有活性组分的剂量单位,而是23或24个这种剂量单位和5或4颗糖丸或包含其它适宜的对继续服用含活性物质剂量单位前的5或4无必须加以跨接的说明。
此外,请参阅在EP-A 0 253 607中所作的说明,尤其是请参阅一方面关于用于确定炔雌醇和17β-雌二醇的等效量,另一方面关于用于确定左炔诺孕酮、脱氧炔诺酮、3-酮脱氧炔诺酮和孕二烯酮等备种孕激素的等效量的说明。
有关确定不同的孕激素活性物质的等效剂量,请参见“Problemeder Dosisfindung:Sexualhormone”;F.Neumann et al.in“Arzneimittelforschung”(Drug Research)27,2a,296-318(1977)sowie auf“Aktuelle Entwichlungen in der hormonalenKontrazeption”,H.Kuhl in″Gynkologe″25:231-240(1992)。

Claims (16)

1.一种组合物在制备尚未述到绝经期前期的育龄妇女避孕用的剂量形式中的应用,该组合物含有选自下列的雌激素,
2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.015至0.020mg炔雌醇;
并含有选自下列的孕激素
0.05至0.075mg孕二烯酮、
0.075至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、
0.06至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
0.06至0.15mg3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、
1至3mg屈螺酮、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和
>0.35至0.75mg炔诺酮,
在总共28天的服药周期中有23或24天服用上述剂量形式,从行经第一天开始服用,接着有5或4天不服药丸或服糖丸。
2.按照权利要求1的应用,其中的雌激素是炔雌醇。
3.按照权利要求1的应用,其中雌激素是17β-雌二醇。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3的应用,其中孕激素是孕二烯酮。
5.按照权利要求1、2或3的应用,其中孕激素是左炔诺孕酮。
6.按照权利要求1、2或3的应用,其中孕激素是环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮。
7.按照权利要求1的应用,其中剂量形式含有选自下列的雌激素,>2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.020mg炔雌醇;
并含有选自下列的孕激素、
>0.06至0.075mg孕二烯酮、
>0.100至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、
>0.10至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
>0.10至0.15mg 3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、
2.5至3.0mg屈螺酮、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和
0.50至0.75mg炔诺酮。
8.按照权利要求1的应用,其中雌激素是20μg剂量的炔雌醇或等效剂量的17β-雌二醇并且孕激素是75μg剂量的孕二烯酮或等效剂量的左炔诺孕酮、环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮。
9.用于口服避孕的单相混合制剂,含有
(a)23或24个剂量单位,每个剂量单位含有选自下列的雌激素,>2.0至6.0mg 17β-雌二醇和
0.020mg炔雌醇;
和选自下列的孕激素
>0.06至0.075mg孕二烯酮、
>0.100至0.125mg左炔诺孕酮、
>0.10至0.15mg脱氧炔诺酮、
>0.1至0.15mg 3-酮脱氧炔诺酮、
2.5至3.0mg屈螺酮、
1至2mg环丙氯地孕酮、
0.2至0.3mg肟炔诺酯和
0.50至0.75mg炔诺酮。
并含有
(b)5颗或4颗糖丸或其它标示,以便指示在对23或24个剂量单位日服药后接着5或4天不服药丸或服糖丸。
10.按照权利要求9的用于口服避孕的单相联合制剂,其中雌激素是炔雌醇。
11.按照权利要求9或10的单相联合制剂,其中孕激素是孕二烯酮。
12.按照权利要求9或10的单相联合制剂,其中孕激素是左炔诺孕酮。
13.按照权利要求9或10的单相联合制剂,其中孕激素是环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮。
14.按照权利要求9的单相联合制剂,其中雌激素是20μg剂量的炔雌醇或等效剂量的17β-雌二醇并且孕激素是75μg剂量的孕二烯酮或等效剂量的左炔诺孕酮、环丙氯地孕酮或屈螺酮。
15.按照权利要求9至13中的任一项的单相联合制剂,该制剂含有23个剂量单位和5颗糖丸或其它标示,以便指示在月经周期的最后5天不服用剂量单位或服用糖丸。
16.按照权利要求9的单相联合制剂,该制剂含有23个剂量单位,每个剂量单位各包含20μg炔雌醇和75μg孕二烯酮,并含有5颗糖丸或其它标示,用以指示在月经周期的最后5天内不服用剂量单位或服用糖丸。
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