CN100366330C - 产品的连续相转变的方法 - Google Patents

产品的连续相转变的方法 Download PDF

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CN100366330C
CN100366330C CNB200480002875XA CN200480002875A CN100366330C CN 100366330 C CN100366330 C CN 100366330C CN B200480002875X A CNB200480002875X A CN B200480002875XA CN 200480002875 A CN200480002875 A CN 200480002875A CN 100366330 C CN100366330 C CN 100366330C
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kneader
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P·A·弗勒里
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B29B17/0036—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting of large particles, e.g. beads, granules, pellets, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/701—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers
    • B01F27/702—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms comprising two or more shafts, e.g. in consecutive mixing chambers with intermeshing paddles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/21—Measuring
    • B01F35/212—Measuring of the driving system data, e.g. torque, speed or power data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/752—Discharge mechanisms with arrangements for converting the mechanism from mixing to discharging, e.g. by either guiding a mixture back into a receptacle or discharging it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
    • B29B7/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/28—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for measuring, controlling or regulating, e.g. viscosity control
    • B29B7/283—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for measuring, controlling or regulating, e.g. viscosity control measuring data of the driving system, e.g. torque, speed, power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29B7/728—Measuring data of the driving system, e.g. torque, speed, power, vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/732—Floor coverings
    • B29L2031/7322—Carpets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S366/00—Agitating
    • Y10S366/601—Motor control

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合器中产品的连续相变的方法，并且在该混合器中装有产品并且在至少一个轴上具有捏合元件，在该方法中，使产品进行逆向混合，直到通过测量轴的转矩计算出的产品粘度已达到了预定值，或者对已经达到预定粘度的产品进行逆向混合，然后将混合器切换到连续运转的模式，在某些情况下还需要添加其它成分到混合器中，最后输出产品。

Description

产品的连续相转变的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及混合器中产品的连续相变的方法，在该混合器中装有产品并且在至少一个轴上具有捏合元件。
背景技术
在连续运转的混合器中会产生一种螺旋流(Propfenstrmung)，同时在捏合机的纵向上形成浓缩面并且产品的每个轴向位置处都呈现均匀相状态。待处理的物料含有很多液体，尤其是溶剂，所以在刚放入混合器时会，例如，呈稀液状。这些液体只有通过与热交换面接触才会汽化蒸发。通常这些热交换面都限于捏合机的内壁、轴的表面，可能的情况下还有相应的圆盘元件的表面。这类捏合机的例子记载在DE 23 49 106 C，EP 0 517 068A或DE 195 36 944 A中。还有很多类似的例子，在此不再赘述。
在EP 0 457 0867 A2中描述了一种带有螺杆的机器，该机器装备有用以对积分式和局部式引入到产品空间某些特定段内的转矩进行联合检测的设备。借助局部转矩的测量可以读出产品空间内被传输的产品上的局部转矩数据。此时也就可以确定局部粘度，该粘度值可借助已测算出的转矩分布和借助于至少一种粘度测量过程而计算得到。这也就能表征出处理区内的产品流变性。在处理区内进行的化学反应过程可根据粘度来判断。也推荐将粘度用作调节值，当然这要通过根据所需要的产品质量而改变粘度值来实现。
DE 100 08 531 A中公开了一种在具有至少一个配备有混合元件或捏合元件的搅拌轴的混合器中，进行持续汽化蒸发和对粘稠产品，特别是合成橡胶和热塑性塑料进行热处理的方法。其中将新的低粘度产品溶液连续混入预先蒸发过的粘性产品床中，以便对这种产品床的粘度和浓度进行调制，使得由机械捏合能和通过与捏合机加热面相接触而获得的热传递能组成的能源输入达到最大。此外还应设计使得产品在混合器中能连续地逆向混合。在这种情况下溶剂的主要部分(单体和液体)会由于捏合能量而蒸发。
这种热交换面的热传递系数较低，由其是当，例如，物料和热交换面之间还形成泡沫时，并且加热比表面积也是非常不利的。
当混合物料的粘度变高，当比如溶剂的含量降到低于20％时，汽化蒸发过程就会更加有效地进行。这时也就能更容易地将要转化成热量的捏合能输入到这种糊状物料中。因此，这里出现了一个问题，即混合器应如何工作才能使溶剂的含量尽可能快地降到可以有效地输入捏合能的范围内。
发明内容
本发明的任务是再次从根本上改善混合器的工作方式，提高其工作效率。
解决任务的方案如下：使产品进行逆向混合，直到通过测量轴的转矩计算出的产品粘度已达到了预定值，此时，逆向混合的捏合元件将机械能引入到塑料溶液(例如热塑性溶液或弹性体溶液)中，用以使所添加的挥发性成分实现由液态向气态的相转变；或者对已经达到预定粘度的产品进行逆向混合，将混合器切换到连续运转的模式，在某些情况下还需要添加其它成分到混合器中，然后输出产品。
换言之，对混合器本身而言，一个预定的、含有一定量溶剂的适当粘度很重要，因为只有在这样的情况下捏合能才能转入到物料中。这样一来，整套汽化设备的结构就可以变得更加紧凑。
本发明并不局限于特定的混和物。本发明可用于所有的由固态和液体组成的混和物。为了使其发挥作用，粘度必须达到足够高的程度，才能输入充足的捏合能。
利用本发明还能实现固态到液态的相转变。比如，这种方法也可以用于碎块饼干(Crumb)的生产制造。比如，可将奶粉、糖、可可、油和水相互混合并进行热处理。在热处理的过程中会发生反应、糖的结晶和水的蒸发。该方法可以直接在上文提到的捏合机中进行。混和物从粉末到糊状物料的相转变过程中唯一的一个难题是：在粉末状态时，通过与壁面接触而转移的热量很少。另外，因为粉末的粘性非常低，捏合能也就无法输入到物料中。
具体实施方式
但是，通过在前接的单轴或双轴捏合机中或在捏合机的第一区中进行逆向混合，就能够直接将要添加的成分添加到糊状物料中去。也就是说，糊状的混合物料在这个混合器中会逆向混合，并且固态物质也会被添加到糊状物料中。由于物料现有的粘度足够，所以就可以通过进一步捏合将相应的捏合能输入到物料中。这一过程首先涉及到的是内能，因为产品的加热也能在糊状物料内部进行。
然后将这种糊状物料放进连续运转的标准混合器中或将其简单地进一步输送到连续捏合机的第二个区内。在该区域内进行上文提及的反应/结晶/干燥。
在该方法的一个优选实施例中也考虑到了将该方法用于材料的再循环。例如，可考虑用于聚酰胺地毯的循环利用。地毯残余物可直接添加到被逆向混合的糊状聚酰胺物料中。然后，可以有效地通过捏合来引入将固态物质加热到熔点所需的内能。
有些情况下转矩可能会过高。诸如多元醇溶液(代糖，如Palatinit益寿糖和山梨糖醇)的闪蒸或在玻璃化温度/熔点之下的聚合反应(例如PMMA的聚合)会以螺旋水流的形式阻塞连续捏合机。在这些情况下，螺旋水流中从液态向固态的相转变过程的特点在于粘度过高。这里的难题在于要在设备的纵向局部对高粘度的均匀物料进行捏合。
装有现成的具有流淌能力的产品的前床/搅拌床/固定床能够解决粘度过高的问题。我们将液态产品添加到这种具有流淌能力颗粒状前床/活动庆/固定床中。逆向混合使得粘稠相只产生在成品颗粒的表面上，但是整个搅拌床一直可以进行搅拌。这样，搅拌机构就不再能“看”到粘稠相的高粘度了。凭借逆向混合，成品颗粒的表面上会发生粘稠态/液态到固态的相转变过程。进行逆向混合使得粘稠产品和固体颗粒产品的混合物具有显然很低的粘度。
借助分布于捏合机纵向上的添加点和借助于正向输送的捏合形状，就能实现连续逆向混合过程。
也可以只采用一个具有外循环成品功用的添加点来代替分布于纵向上的添加点，来实现所需要的逆向混合过程。如上所述，捏合形状利用正向输送来实现。
用以在捏合机中进行连续逆向混合的第三种方法是将纵向上的各个添加点添加点和逆向混合的捏合形状。
不言而喻，要使用相应的逆向混合的混合器来实现连续工作。其中，混合器是否是单轴的还是双轴的则无关紧要。应适当放置相应的捏合元件以使它们具有逆向混合的几何形状。

Claims (8)

1.混合器中产品的连续相变的方法，在该混合器中装有产品并且在至少一个轴上具有捏合元件，其特征在于，
使产品进行逆向混合，直到通过测量轴的转矩计算出的产品粘度已达到了预定值，在这种粘度时，要进行返回混合的混合物料就能将机械能转入塑料溶液中，使得添加的液态挥发性成分通过相变转化成气体或/和使得固态变成液态/似糊状，或者对已经达到预定粘度的产品进行逆向混合；
然后将混合器切换到连续运转的模式；
最后输出产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，逆向混合的捏合元件将机械能引入到塑料溶液中，用以使所添加的挥发性成分实现由液态向气态的相转变。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，逆向混合捏合元件将机械能引入到糊状混合物/产品中，用以使所添加的固体成分实现由固态向液态/糊态的相转变。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，逆向混合的捏合元件将机械能引入到捏合机的第一个区中，而正向输送的捏合元件在捏合机的第二个区中实现输送和其他处理过程。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，逆向混合的捏合元件在捏合机的第一个区中构造出产品固体床，然后向其上添加液态成分同时发生液态向固态的相转变过程。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于其中所述的塑料溶液为合成橡胶溶液或者热塑性塑料溶液。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于其中所述的塑料溶液为热塑性溶液或者弹性体溶液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于其中所述的连续运转模式下，添加其他的成分到混合器中。
CNB200480002875XA 2003-01-27 2004-01-26 产品的连续相转变的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100366330C (zh)

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DE2003103167 DE10303167B4 (de) 2003-01-27 2003-01-27 Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Phasenumwandlung eines Produktes
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CN1741842A (zh) 2006-03-01
EP1590075B1 (de) 2006-05-24
US7762712B2 (en) 2010-07-27
DE10303167B4 (de) 2006-01-12
DE502004000630D1 (de) 2006-06-29
US20060193197A1 (en) 2006-08-31
ES2264791T3 (es) 2007-01-16
EP1590075A1 (de) 2005-11-02
CA2514333C (en) 2011-11-08
WO2004067157A1 (de) 2004-08-12
CA2514333A1 (en) 2004-08-12
DE10303167A1 (de) 2004-08-05

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