CN1003652B - 用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油 - Google Patents

用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油 Download PDF

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CN1003652B
CN1003652B CN86101764.1A CN86101764A CN1003652B CN 1003652 B CN1003652 B CN 1003652B CN 86101764 A CN86101764 A CN 86101764A CN 1003652 B CN1003652 B CN 1003652B
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butyl
acid
phenol
oil
ester
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CN86101764A (zh
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剑持一仁
阿部英夫
佐佐木徹
伊藤纮一
善本毅
永森弘之
松田弘之
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JFE Steel Corp
Kao Corp
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Kawasaki Steel Corp
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Abstract

一种用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油,其组成包括:(a)40~90%(重量)的由特定脂族羧酸和特定脂族醇制备的单酯,(b)0.5~10%(重量)的至少一种某不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸,(c)10~25%(重量)的脂肪和脂油,或5~70%(重量)的酯,这种酯是由某特定聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与特定的醇或脂肪酸反应而制备的,(d)0.3~10%(重量)的一种苯酚型抗氧化剂,(e)0.3~10%(重量)的一种硫型抗氧化剂。

Description

用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油
本发明涉及到一种新的用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油(在下文中为了叙述简洁,也可称作“轧机油”(rolling mill oil)),更具体地说,是在轧制金属材料时表现出良好的润滑性、表面光洁性和优良的耐热和耐氧化稳定性的一种冷轧润滑油。
近年来,为了省去冷轧中的清洗步骤,倾向于采用净化滚筒轧机油(mill-cleaning rolling mill oil)。下面指出的两种性质对于这种净化滚筒轧机油来说,是关键性的:
(ⅰ)在退火时,每块金属板的表面都不会受到轧机油中碳组分的沾污,因而提供了优良的表面质量(在后文中将这种性质称为“退火沾污阻力”(annealing stain resistance)或“净化滚筒性质”(mill-cleaning property))。
(ⅱ)这种轧机油在轧制时应表现出良好的润滑性,因而不会产生称为“热条痕”(heat streak)的磨损或称为“震颤”(Chattering)的振动(这一性质在后文中称为“润滑性”)。
为了改善净化滚筒性质(ⅰ),目前采用尽可能减少那些在退火时,导致较大量残余碳组分的脂肪酸、脂油、脂肪和/或高分子有机化合物含量的轧机油,而尽可能混入挥发性的或易分解的物质作为主要成分,例如矿物油和合成酯类。
然而,这类轧机油与材料的粘附性不良,在轧辊接触弧内油膜生成性较弱,实际上是润滑性低劣。一种改进润滑性(ⅱ)的尝试是采用高含量的脂油、脂肪或脂肪酸,如以牛油为基底的轧机油,这将导致净化滚筒性质的降低。
因此,为省去清洗步骤所用的净化滚筒轧机油就需要具备两种相互对立的性质。因而到目前为止已投入实际应用的净化滚筒轧机油仅适用于具有较大成品板厚度的标准尺寸的板材和适度的轧制条件(例如成品板厚度为0.8毫米或更厚的板材)。
出于上述考虑,本发明的提出者进行了广泛的研究,以便提供一种具有上述两种性质的冷轧润滑油。结果发现,通过混合特定量的一种单酯(由脂族羧酸和脂族醇制得),规定量的二聚酸或聚合酸以及预定量的一种酯(由聚酯的余留羧基或羟基与醇或脂肪酸反应而制得,而聚酯本身是通过至少一种不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和/或聚合酸与多元醇一起加热并缩合而制得)而得到的组合物不产生油污染且具有优良的净化滚筒性和良好的润滑性。关于这一点,已经申请了专利。(Japanese Patent Laid-Open №.33395/1984)。
随着近年来轧机和轧制技术的迅速发展,轧制速度已经提高以增加产量。与此相联系的是,对于冷轧润滑油提出了更严格的要求。在这样的情况下,常规的冷轧润滑油不能充分满足要求。无论如何,使用常规的冷轧润滑油总会带来一种或多种麻烦问题。也就是说,将这类常规的冷轧润滑油用作冷却剂时,在实际冷轧期间所遇到的严格条件下,它们会发生热分解和热氧化分解,因而发生变质。此外,铁粉、浮渣和类似的物质也在轧制时生成。然后这些产生污染的杂质混在润滑油中。当轧制好的钢卷经受后继的处理步骤时,这些产生污染的杂质仍与润滑油一起粘附在钢卷的表面上,润滑油发生聚合和树脂化,并由于在上面所指出的条件下发生氧化、分解和聚合等化学反应而难于蒸发。而这类润滑油在保持130℃左右加热的情况下和在退火时加热到200~300℃的条件下,作为一个整体本来是可以基本蒸发的。当钢卷经受后继的退火步骤时,润滑油由于强烈受热(300~700℃)而碳化,烟炱污点在钢板的全部表面上生成。生成的烟炱粘附在轧好的钢板的边缘部分,从而产生所谓“边缘碳(edge carbon)”这样一种状况,致使产生不良的外观。此外,上述的树脂化的润滑油使材料的表面处理性变坏,例如可镀性、可磷化处理性和可喷涂性等。
本发明的提出者在上述情况下继续研究,结果发现了一种用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油。在实际操作的严格条件下,即当长时间再循环和作为轧机油(即轧机冷却剂)时,这种润滑油仍可保持良好的抗热分解和抗热氧化分解性。即使轧制时产生的铁粉、浮渣等造成沾污的杂质混在其中,这种润滑油仍能保持良好的钢板表面光洁度,直至完成退火。这种润滑油还具有优良的润滑性。
下面对本发明作更详尽的描述。不能满足上述条件(ⅰ)和(ⅱ)的金属冷轧润滑油,在某些情况下可能导致在钢板的全部表面上生成烟炱污点。由于烟炱粘附在钢材的边缘部分,退火后在钢板的边缘部分产生“边缘碳”。而且,钢材的表面处理性,如可镀性、可磷化处理性和可喷涂性也会受到有害的影响。但已经发现,将特定种类的抗氧化剂与由脂肪酸单酯、不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和/或聚合酸、以及脂肪和脂油或特定的酯构成的润滑油组合物结合使用,可使钢板的表面光洁度令人满意地保持到完成退火操作。这也就是本发明的内容。
也就是说,本发明提供了一种用于金属材料的冷轧润滑油,其组成包括:
(a)40~90%(重量)的单酯,此单酯是由含有12-22个碳原子的脂族羧酸和碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇反应制备的。
(b)0.5~10(重量)的至少一种碳原子数为16-20的不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸。
(c)10~25%(重量)的脂肪和脂油,或5~70%(重量)的分子量为750-7500的酯。这种酯是通过聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂肪酸反应而制得的。而聚酯本身是由至少一种碳原子数为16-20的不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸与多元醇一起加热并缩合制得的。
(d)0.3~10%(重量)的苯酚型抗氧化剂。
(e)0.3~10%(重量)的硫型抗氧化剂。
如上所述,本发明的冷轧润滑油是利用了一种组合物,它是由化合物(a),(b)和(c)组成。它具有优良的润滑性和净化滚筒性质。它作为基底油,与苯酚型抗氧化剂和硫型抗氧化剂结合在一起组成的抗氧化剂配在一起使用。它既有优良的润滑性,又有极好的退火性质。
与常规产品比较,本发明的冷轧润滑油具有许多优点。本发明的冷轧润滑油的润滑性等于或优于常规的和商品牛油轧机油,而其净化滚筒性等于或优于常规的和商品矿物油型轧机油。而且,它还使轧机能对薄的钢材进行清洁轧制,而轧机清洁轧制通常仅限于厚的或中等厚度的材料。
从下面的描述和其后的权利要求可以更清楚地看出本发明的上述和其他对象、特征和优点。
本发明中用作基底油组分的单酯(a)是由一种碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸和一种碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇制备的。可以举出的这类单酯的典型例子是硬脂酸甲酯、山嵛酸甲酯、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸辛酯、硬脂酸月桂酯、油酸甲酯、油酸辛酯、油酸癸酯、油酸月桂酯、棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸丁酯、牛油脂肪酸甲酯、牛油脂肪酸辛酯、牛油脂肪酸月桂酯、棕榈仁油脂肪酸甲酯、棕榈仁油脂肪酸辛酯、椰子油脂肪酸辛酯、椰子油脂肪酸月桂酯,等等。这些酯的净化滚筒性和润滑性优于通常在净化滚筒轧机油中用作基底油的矿物油。
如果用于制备上述单酯的脂族羧酸的碳原子数多于22个,或者是用于制取该酯的脂族醇的碳原子数多于12个,则会形成较多的油污点。另一方面,如果所用脂族羧酸的碳原子数少于12个,则润滑性将降低。上述酯的用量是全部组合物的40~90%(重量)(以后的叙述仅写为“%”)。如果其含量超过90%,则二聚酸或聚合酸(b)和脂肪及脂油或酯(c)的含量将减少,这会导致润滑性减弱。另一方面,如果单酯的含量小于40%,将导致降低基底油中该单酯对于降低油污染倾向的作用,因而难于体现出这种单酯对于改善净化滚筒性的作用。所以这种单酯的用量不宜超出上述范围。
在本发明中,还必须向上述单酯中加入二聚酸和/或聚合酸(b),以及脂肪和脂油或酯(c),以制备本发明中所用的基底油。利用这种基底油的轧机油,其润滑性等于或优于通常的以牛油为基底油的轧机油。此外,它还表现出这样一种特性,即甚至当它粘附或剩留在轧制成的钢板表面时,也不在后继的退火步骤中产生油污点,因而有可能使润滑性得到进一步改善。
二聚酸或聚合酸(b)是碳原子数为16-20的高级脂族单烯或二烯酸的二聚酸或聚合酸。二聚酸或聚合酸(b)的示例是:棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸及顺(式)9-二十碳烯酸的二聚酸或聚合酸。二聚酸或聚合酸的用量可以是全部组合物的0.5~10%。如果其用量大于上限,则会出现明显的油污点。然而,如果其用量低于下限,则会降低润滑性。因而所用二聚酸或聚合酸的量不宜超出上述范围。
作为脂肪和脂油(c)的例子可以举出如下几种:牛油、棕榈仁油、猪油或类似的油。所说的牛油可以用粗牛油、精制牛油和食用牛油。但比较理想的是采用精制牛油或食用牛油。粗棕榈仁油、精制棕榈仁油和去酸化的棕榈仁油均可用作棕榈仁油,但采用精制棕榈仁油和去酸化的棕榈仁油比较理想。所用猪油则以精制猪油为佳。脂肪和脂油的用量是全部混合物的10~25%。如果其含量超过25%,将会明显出现油污点。另一方面,如果其含量低于10%,将会使润滑性降低。因而脂肪和脂油的用量不宜超出上述范围。
可以用作上述脂肪和脂油的代替物的酯(c)是分子量为750~7500的一种酯。这种酯是由至少一种碳原子数为16-20的不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚或聚合酸与一种多元醇一起加热并缩合以形成一种聚酯,然后此聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂肪酸反应而制得的。
用于制备上述聚酯的二聚酸或聚合酸与用作前述组分(b)的二聚酸或聚合酸是等同的。多元醇的例子可以包括丙二醇、乙二醇、二丙二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇,此外尚有聚氧丙烯甘醇、聚氧乙烯甘醇、聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯甘醇和类似的多元醇。作为碳原子数为1-22的醇,可以举出如下例子:甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十八醇、十一醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、棕榈醇、异十八醇、山嵛醇、油醇或类似醇。另一方面,作为含有12-22个碳原子的脂肪酸的示例,可以包括月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十八酸、异十八酸、油酸、山嵛酸和类似酸。
如果酯(c)的分子量小于750,则润滑性将降低。如果其分子量大于7500,则该酯在混合体系中的溶解度会降低,因而其粘度增加。这种情况也会在对其进行处理时造成一些问题。因此不宜采用分子量低于750或高于7500的酯。酯(c)的用量占全部组合物的5~40%。如果其含量超过40%,则会出现明显的油污点。如果其含量低于5%,润滑性将降低。因此酯(c)的用量最好不超出上述范围。
作为苯酚型抗氧化剂(d),可以采用2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,2-叔丁基对甲苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚,3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄醇,2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚,邻苯二酚,对叔丁基邻苯二酚,4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚,6-(4-氧联)-3,5-二叔丁基-苯胺基-2,4-双-(正辛硫基)-1,3,5-三嗪,(4-氧联-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)-十八烷磷酸酯,4,4′-硫代双-(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)丙烷,4,4′-亚环己基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),四〔亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酸〕甲烷,己二醇双〔β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯酚)丙酸酯〕,2,2′-硫代-〔二乙基-双-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯酚)丙酸酯〕,1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯,乙二醇双〔3,3′-双-(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基-苄基)-丁酸酯〕,1,3,5-三-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸等等。这些化合物可单独使用,也可结合使用。
作为硫型抗氧化剂(e)的示例,可举出如下:硫代二丙酸二月桂酯,硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂酰酯,β,β′-硫化二丁酸二硬脂酰酯,二月桂基硫,双十八烷基硫,2-氢硫基苯并咪唑,5-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)烷基硫代甘醇酸酯,4,4′-硫代双(6-烷基-3-甲基苯酚),N-氧代-二亚乙基-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺,二硫化四烷基秋兰姆,一硫化四烷基秋兰姆,等等。它们可单独使用,也可结合使用。
苯酚型抗氧化剂(d)的用量按全部组合物计为0.3~10.0%,而硫型抗氧化剂(e)的用量也占全部混合物的0.3~10.0%。如果它们的含量超过10%,将会给润滑性带来有害影响。另一方面,如果它们的含量低于0.3%,则它们对于净化钢板表面的作用将不能充分显示出来。因此抗氧化剂的用量不宜超出上面所规定的相应范围。
本发明的冷轧润滑油中除含有上述主要组分以外,在需要时,也可含有通常已知的各种添加剂,例如表面活性剂、防锈剂、耐特压添加剂和/或类似的物质。
可以用作表面活性剂的有:非离子型表面活性剂,如聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基酯、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚或脱水山梨糖醇的烷基酯;磷酯型表面活性剂,如磷酸烷基酯、磷酸聚氧乙烯烷基酯或类似物。通常加到冷轧润滑油中的表面活性剂的量约为0.5~5%。
可以用作防锈剂的有:胺或其衍生物,链烯基琥珀酸或其衍生物,磷酯或其衍生物,或类似的物质。一般来说,掺入冷轧润滑油中的防锈剂量约为0.1~5%左右。
可以用作耐特压添加剂(extreme-pressure additive)的有:磷化合物,如磷酸三烷基酯或亚磷酸三烷基酯,或者是一种有机金属化合物,例如二烷基硫代磷酸锌。掺入冷轧润滑油中的耐特压添加剂的量可在大约0.5~5%左右。
把组分(a),(b)和(c)组成的润滑油组合物与苯酚型抗氧化剂(d)和硫型抗氧化剂(e)结合成本发明的冷轧润滑油,即使在实际操作中的严格条件下,也使钢板表面具有优良的光洁度。尽管其作用机理还不是十分清楚,但是苯酚型抗氧化剂似乎具有防止轧机油组合物产生聚合和树脂化的作用。这是由于轧机油用作冷却剂时,会发生化学反应,如它的热分解和热氧化分解。也由于在轧制后,它会在钢板表面上发生氧化分解聚合。因而苯酚型抗氧化剂主要用于抑制退火时整个钢板表面发生的烟炱沾污。另一方面,硫型抗氧化剂(e)似乎可增强苯酚型抗氧化剂的上述作用。由于硫型抗氧化剂(e)与金属化合物相反,具有硫化合物所固有的负催化剂的作用,因而也可认为硫型抗氧化剂能抑制碳化反应,这一反应是在润滑油分解时产生的,因而可减少烟炱的产生,同时使钢板表面失活,从而避免烟炱粘附到轧制好的钢板的边缘(烟炱是通过含在气态退火气氛中的有机化合物的碳化反应而产生的),因而减少了边缘碳的产生。由于结合使用上述两种抗氧化剂,使钢板表面光洁已首次成为事实。
在对本发明作了一般性的描述以后,通过某些具体的例子可以对本发明有更全面的了解。这些提供的例子仅是为了说明本发明,并不打算将本发明限制于此,除非另有说明。
实施例
本发明将通过下述例子来描述。
实施例1:
下述试验是用各种轧机油进行的,它们的组成将在下面叙述。试验结果示于表1和表2。
Ⅰ.轧机油(比例均按每一组成的重量%)
(1)本发明的冷轧润滑油:
№.1
硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯 71
聚合酸(1) 1
精制牛油 20
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 2
硫型抗氧化剂(B) 2
表面活性剂(a) 3
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.2
牛油脂肪酸甲酯 59
聚合酸(2) 5
去酸化棕榈仁油 15
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B) 1
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C) 1
硫型抗氧化剂(A) 3
矿物油 10
表面活性剂(b) 5
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.3
硬脂酸丁酯 75
聚合酸(3) 8
酯(A) 10
苯酚型抗氧化剂(D) 0.5
硫型抗氧化剂(A) 0.5
硫型抗氧化剂(C) 2.0
表面活性剂(C) 3
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.4
棕榈酸正辛酯 63
聚合酸(4) 1
酯(B) 30
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 0.5
苯酚型抗氧化剂(D) 2.0
硫型抗氧化剂(D) 0.5
表面活性剂(b) 3
№.5
棕榈仁油脂肪酸乙酯 72
聚合酸(5) 4
酯(C) 15
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 1
硫型抗氧化剂(A) 4
表面活性剂(b) 3
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
(2)对照冷轧润滑油:
№.1
棕榈仁油脂肪酸甲酯 90
聚合酸(4) 1
精制牛油 1
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 2
表面活性剂(a) 5
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.2
硬脂酸丁酯 87.2
聚合酸(1) 0.3
酯(A) *
硫型抗氧化剂(B) 1.5
表面活性剂(b) 5
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.3
牛油脂肪酸甲酯 74.8
精制牛油 20
聚合酸(1) 2
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 0.1
硫型抗氧化剂(C) 0.1
表面活性剂(a) 3
№.4
硬脂酸丙酯 72.5
酯(A) 20
牛油脂肪酸 2
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B) 1.5
表面活性剂(a) 3
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.5
棕榈仁油脂肪酸乙酯 75
聚合酸(5) 4
酯(C) 15
表面活性剂(b) 5
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 1
№.6
商品牛油型轧机油
№.7
商品矿物油型轧机油
在上述各种组成中,聚合酸、酯、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂和耐特压添加剂指的是:
聚合酸(1)由油酸和亚油酸的1∶2混合物制得的聚合酸(二聚酸/高于三聚酸的聚合酸=2/8)。
聚合酸(2) 由妥尔油脂肪酸制得的聚合酸(二聚酸/高于三聚酸的聚合酸=6/4)。
聚合酸(3) 由大豆油脂肪酸制得的聚合酸(二聚酸/高于三聚酸的聚合酸=4/6)。
聚合酸(4) 从油酸制得的聚合酸(二聚酸/高于三聚酸的聚合酸=8/2)。
聚合酸(5) 从油酸和棕榈油酸的1∶1混合物制得的聚合酸(二聚酸/高于三聚酸的聚合物=7/3)。
酯(A) 通过在氮气流中,在标准压力和220℃下加热并缩合由100克多羟基聚酯(羟基数:70)(通过在标准压力和220℃下在氮气流中加热并缩合100克聚合酸(2)和24克二甘醇组成的混合物制得)与32克硬脂酸(酸值:204)组成的混合物制得的酯(羟基数:6;酸值:9;平均分子量:1800)。
酯(B) 通过在氮气流中和标准压力及220℃下加热并缩合由100克多羟基聚酯(羟基数:114)(通过在标准压力和220℃下在氮气流中加热并缩合100克聚合酸(2)和23克丙二醇的混合物制得)与29克山嵛酸(酸值:161)而得到的酯(羟基数:9;酸值6;平均分子量:1300)。
酯(C) 通过在氮气流中和标准压力及220℃下加热并缩合由100克多羟基聚酯(羟基数:2.5)(通过在标准压力和220℃下在氮气流中加热并缩合由100克聚合酸(4),5克新戊基二醇和17克二甘醇组成的混合物制得)与9克棕榈酸(酸值:256)所组成的混合物而得到的酯(羟基数:5;酸值4;平均分子量4500)。
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A) 2,5-二叔丁基对甲苯酚
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B) 4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C) 四〔亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸〕甲烷
苯酚型抗氧化剂(D) 乙二醇双〔3,3′-双(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基苯基)丁酸酯〕
硫型抗氧化剂(A) 硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂酰酯
硫型抗氧化剂(B) S-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2-乙基己基硫代甘醇酸酯
硫型抗氧化剂(C) 4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)。
硫型抗氧化剂(D) 二硫化四乙基秋兰姆
表面活性剂(a) 聚氧乙烯壬基苯醚(加入环氧乙烷的摩尔数,n=6)。
表面活性剂(b) 聚氧乙烯月桂醚(加入环氧乙烷的摩尔数,n=5)。
表面活性剂(c) 聚氧乙烯-硬脂酸酯(加入环氧乙烷的摩尔数,n=7)。
磷酯型耐特压添加剂 磷酸三甲苯酯。
Ⅱ.试验的性质和试验方法:
(1)润滑性:
使用泰姆肯(Timken)磨损试验机。在槽中预先配制好浓度5%和温度50℃的轧机油乳液,进行同样的再循环时仍可使用。根据由磨损范围线所限定的面积(OK面积)的大小对润滑油的润滑性做出评价。磨损范围线取决于刚刚出现磨损的负载和其相应的转数。样品的OK面积由其与最差样品面积之比表示,假定后者的面积是1.0。
(2)退火沾污阻力:
对于冷却剂与含在其中的轧机油来说,磨损条件和退火条件是:
在槽中预先配制含有浓度为5%(重量)轧机油和含量为0.3%(重量)铁粉(颗粒尺寸:5微米或更小)的冷却剂(温度:60℃)。然后用一台齿轮泵以1.0公斤/平方厘米)的压力将此冷却剂连续地对着铁制轧辊(已知热到150℃)喷射,冷却剂循环使用。48小时后,把乳液喷涂(0.5升/分,1公斤/平方厘米,2秒)在钢板样品表面(100毫米长,100毫米宽,0.5毫米厚)将钢板样品成对地叠加在一起,然后施加40公斤/平方厘米的压力,使其紧密接触。然后将叠加在一起的钢板样品在空气中在130℃加热15小时。在退火条件(A)下,将样品在退火炉中在700℃退火2小时,退火炉中的气氛是95%氮气和5%氢气的混合气。每块钢板的全部表面的优良程度用目视法进行评价。优良程度的评价分为5级。规定最差的样品为第5级。另一方面,在退火条件(B)下,配制的混合气氛是78%氮气,7%一氧化碳,4%二氧化碳和11%氢气。样品在退火炉中700℃下退火4小时,这有利于诱发“边缘碳”。然后用目视法确定每块钢板的边缘部分产生的边缘碳。分5级评价边缘碳发生的程度。规定第5级是边缘碳发生程度最高的样品。
轧机油号数(№.) 润滑油评价得分
本发明轧机油 1 2.15
2 2.25
3 2.50
4 2.60
5 2.55
对照轧机油 1 1.45
2 1.50
3 2.05
4 1.60
5 1.81
6 1.87
7 1.00
轧机油号 数(№.) 评价得分
退火条件(A) 退火条件(B)
本发明的 轧机油 1 1-2 1-2 1 1 1
2
3
4
5
对照 轧机油 1 2-3 2-3 2-3 2 4-5 5 2-3 3-4 2-3 3-4 3-4 5 5 3
2
3
4
5
6
7
从表1和表2明显看出,本发明的冷轧润滑油无论在润滑性方面,还是在退火沾污阻力方面都优于对照轧机油。
在对本发明做了充分的描述之后,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说可以明显看出,只要不超出在这里所述的本发明的发明构思或范围,对本发明仍然可以做出许多变动和改进。

Claims (8)

1、用于金属材料的一种冷轧润滑油,其组成包括:
(a)40~90%(重量)的某种单酯,此单酯是碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸和碳原子数为1-12的脂旋醇的单酯,
(b)0.5~10%(重量)的至少一种碳原子数为16-20的不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸。
(c)10~25%(重量)的一种脂肪和脂油,或5~40%(重量)的分子量为750~7500的酯,这种酯是通过聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂肪酸反应而制得的,而聚酯本身是由至少一种碳原子数为16-20的不饱和高级脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸与多元醇一起加热并缩合制得的,
(d)0.3-10%(重量)的苯酚型抗氧化剂,该苯酚型抗氧化剂为具有被羟基和一个或多个具有1-6个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基的化合物。
(e)0.3~10%(重量)的硫型抗氧化剂,该硫型抗氧化剂为具有至少一个C-S键和10-92个碳原子的化合物。
2、权利要求1所述的冷轧润滑油,其中所述的苯酚型抗氧化剂是选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,2-叔丁基对甲苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚,3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄醇,2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚,邻苯二酚,对叔丁基邻苯二酚,4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚,6-(4-氧联)-3,5-二叔丁基-苯胺基-2,4-双-(正辛硫基)-1,3,5-三嗪,(4-氧联-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)-十八烷磷酸酯,4,4′-硫代双-(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)丙烷,4,4′-亚环己基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),四〔亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酸〕甲烷,己二醇双〔β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯酚)丙酸酯〕,2,2′-硫代-〔二乙基-双-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯酚)丙酸酯〕,1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯,乙二醇双〔3,3′-双-(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基-苄基)-丁酸酯〕,1,3,5-三-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸的化合物或上述化合物的混合物。
3、权利要求1所述的冷轧润滑油,其中所述的硫型抗氧化剂是选自硫代二丙酸二月桂酯,硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯,硫代二丙酸二硬脂酰酯,硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂酰酯,β,β′-硫代二丁酸二硬脂酰酯,二月桂基硫,双十八烷基硫,2-氢硫基苯并咪唑,5-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)烷基硫代甘醇酸酯,4,4′-硫代双(6-烷基-3-甲基苯酚),N-氧代-二亚乙基-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺,二硫化四烷基秋兰姆,一硫化四烷基秋兰姆的化合物或上述化合物的混合物。
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