CN100364443C - 半透明食品 - Google Patents
半透明食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100364443C CN100364443C CNB2004800118154A CN200480011815A CN100364443C CN 100364443 C CN100364443 C CN 100364443C CN B2004800118154 A CNB2004800118154 A CN B2004800118154A CN 200480011815 A CN200480011815 A CN 200480011815A CN 100364443 C CN100364443 C CN 100364443C
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004922 Vigna radiata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011469 Vigna radiata var sublobata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005428 food component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001507 sample dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Grain Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种以小颗粒淀粉为基础的半透明食品产品以及小颗粒淀粉用于制备半透明食品产品的用途。已发现通过使用具有特定小粒径的淀粉,可以制备具有令人满意的澄清度和半透明性的干态和熟态半透明食品,而之前发现使用未改性淀粉是不可能实现上述效果的。
Description
本发明涉及一种半透明食品产品和所述产品的制备方法。
半透明食品是东方人特定的食品。公知的实例包括粉丝(glassnoodles)和凉粉,其是指“冷凝胶”或“冷凝乳“或”冷丝”。为了在半透明、弹性和滑溜方面获得良好的结果,半透明食品产品通常必须用豆类淀粉,特别是绿豆淀粉制备。
粉丝在烹调之前和之后都是半透明的,并且在烹调之后有弹力并且具有清淡味道。绿豆淀粉给该应用赋予独特性能并且是面条加工的理想材料。该应用的另一公知的淀粉是甘薯淀粉,但是基于甘薯淀粉的面条的质量通常没有基于绿豆淀粉的面条的好。然而,绿豆淀粉价高。因此,已尝试用其它淀粉代替它。已公开使用荚豆淀粉的建议,但是这类淀粉的利用率通常受到很大限制。另一经常描述的可能性是用化学或基因改性的淀粉部分或完全替换绿豆或甘薯淀粉,特别是用得自木薯和马铃薯的淀粉。
例如,WO-00/55605(Aventis Cropscience GmbH)描述了用直链淀粉含量提高的基因改性的马铃薯淀粉部分替代绿豆淀粉。然而,基因改性的食品组分的接受率低。
美国专利4,871,572(National Starch & Chemical Co.)描述了将交联马铃薯淀粉用于粉丝。尽管使用这些淀粉使得配方趋于较便宜,但是价格仍然很高。公众接受性的另一缺陷在于在食物的包装上标记为“改性的食品淀粉”。使用基因或化学改性淀粉的原因在于,对这类应用而言通常被接受的淀粉需要按照Chen等,J.Food Sci,2002,67:3342-3347或Chen等,J.Food Sci,2002,68:431-437中公开的“C”型胶凝化曲线胶凝化。
正如已经提及的,凉粉是亚洲受欢迎的传统淀粉凝胶食品产品。经常将其切割成小片或薄切成面条丝并与调味料一起食用,特别是在夏季。理想的凉粉有弹性、滑溜并且柔和。一般说来,认为绿豆淀粉和其它豆类淀粉是最适宜制备高质量凉粉的材料。其它淀粉,例如普通马铃薯、谷物或甘薯淀粉由于产生结构太弱并且质地太粘的产品而不适宜。
出人意料地现已发现,所选小颗粒淀粉非常适合制备半透明食品。例如已发现用小颗粒马铃薯淀粉,尽管没有“C”型胶凝化,但是可以干态制备具有令人满意的澄清和半透明的粉丝,而之前发现使用未改性的马铃薯淀粉是不可能的。因此,本发明涉及一种半透明食品,它用重均粒径小于35μm的颗粒淀粉制成,并且其中优选90%的颗粒小于20μm。
正如所附实施例中所述,小颗粒淀粉赋予半透明食品优异的面团流变性能、澄清度和弹性。本发明的基于小颗粒淀粉的半透明食品产品还具有优异的感官特性。此外,使用小颗粒淀粉使得在制备半透明食品期间的烹调损失低。
通常的马铃薯淀粉由重均粒径在5-100μm的范围内的颗粒组成。根据本发明,重均粒径定义为通过Coulter Counter Multisizing测定的粒径并且以重量为基础平均。使用Coulter Counter Multisizing,通常的马铃薯淀粉的重均粒径是约43μm并且数均粒径是约23μm。
小颗粒淀粉可以由通常的淀粉以许多方式制得:水力旋流器分离、干或湿筛分、风选等。就马铃薯淀粉而言,也可以比正常时间早地收获马铃薯,由此获得由早期(即在收获时期刚开始时)收获的马铃薯分离的具有较小粒径的淀粉。还可以对植物,例如马铃薯植物,进行基因改性,从而产生较小粒径的淀粉。本发明用于制备粉丝的颗粒的重均粒径,通过Coulter Counter Multisizing测定,小于35μm,优选小于25μm,更优选小于20μm。
用于本发明的小颗粒马铃薯淀粉的重均粒径的下限并不特别关键,但是通常为约10或15μm。用于本发明的颗粒中90%的粒径小于20μm。优选95%和甚至更优选99%的颗粒小于20μm。
除了马铃薯淀粉之外,还可以使用其它淀粉例如马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、香蕉淀粉、卡纳达(kanna)淀粉、菜豆淀粉、红豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉和各种豆类淀粉。优选使用马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、香蕉淀粉、卡纳达淀粉、菜豆淀粉或红豆淀粉。还可以使用具有不同直链淀粉含量(0-90%)的淀粉,只要它们以满足颗粒重均粒径的标准的方式进行处理。本发明还包括使用由基因改性的农作物获得的淀粉,例如马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉等。
应理解为使用改性小颗粒淀粉也包括在本发明内。可以通过任意已知的化学、物理或酶法、或者这些方法的组合实现这种改性。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,半透明食品产品是粉丝。原则上,有两种常规方式制备粉丝,它们都包括挤出。第一种方法(方法1)使用重力作为挤出力;第二种方法(方法2)使用单或双螺杆挤出机。
在方法1中,部分淀粉,约5%首先在过热水中胶凝化产生粘性浆糊。在该浆糊中,在约50℃下混合剩余淀粉,获得可以使用重力挤出成为部分胶凝化淀粉的丝的面团。为此,将这些丝在沸水煮制约10秒钟接着通过冰冷水。将这些丝切割并将所得面条线挂在杆上使水滴下并排水。将这些面条或者在冬天于户外冷冻或者在特定冷冻室中冷冻,在干燥室或户外解冻并干燥,只有由豆类淀粉制得的面条可以不经过冷冻步骤就干燥。由最后的干燥,获得日本名的粉丝,Harusame,意思是春雨面条。
在方法2中,首先将淀粉与水混合,然后在单或双螺杆挤出机中部分胶凝化。第二步将该部分胶凝化的淀粉直接挤出。所得面条线经切割或成型,然后挂在杆上,在空气中干燥或者在炉中干燥。
在另一优选实施方式中,半透明食品产品是凉粉。发现小颗粒淀粉,特别是马铃薯淀粉,非常适合制备凉粉。本发明由小颗粒淀粉制得的凉粉的质地具有所需的弹性和滑溜特性。本发明的凉粉可以任何常规方式通过小颗粒淀粉替换常用豆类淀粉制得。
现在通过下面的非限制性实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例
I:马铃薯淀粉颗粒的分级
通过用自来水筛分(AS200 digit型;F.Kurt Retsch GmbH & Co.Germany)将马铃薯淀粉分级,然后在40℃下风干。将马铃薯淀粉分成4部分:大于53μm、36-53μm、20-36μm和小于20μm
II:测定粒径
用Coulter Multisizer(Coulter Multisizer II)使用等渗水作为电解质测定粒径分布。将样品分散在去离子水中,然后稀释于等渗水中并放在超声浴中(最多2分钟)。结果是两次测定的平均值。
III:淀粉面条的制备
将部分淀粉(5%)在蒸馏水(1∶9 w/v)中预胶凝化,然后与剩余95%的淀粉混合。混合物在40℃下与水捏和成面团稠度au bain-marie。通过圆柱形挤出机将水分含量为约55%的该均匀面团挤出。面团经重力或者经挤压通过不锈钢圆柱体的孔(直径为约1.5cm),直接挤入到热水(95-98℃)中,并在该温度下加热50-70秒钟(当面条漂浮在水面上时,将它们转移到冷水中),然后转移到冷水中。在冷水中冲洗之后,面条在4℃下预冷6小时,然后在-5至-2℃下冷冻6-8小时,然后风干。干面条在室温下平衡4小时,然后包装在聚乙烯袋中并于室温下贮藏直到分析。肉眼评价面条在干态和熟态的澄清度。
IV:烹调损失和膨胀指数
按照Mesteres等,J.Food Sci 53:1809-1812,1998)在如下所述的较小改动之后测定烹调损失和膨胀指数。将约5g(W1)切割面条(长5cm)浸泡在150ml蒸馏水中于30℃持续15分钟,然后煮10分钟。然后用50ml蒸馏水洗涤面条。将与洗涤水混合的煮制水在炉中于130℃下干燥至恒重(W2)。在相同条件下将蒸馏水(200ml)干燥至恒重(W3;空白)。煮制之后将面条排水3分钟,快速称重(W4)。用下面的等式计算烹调损失和膨胀指数(其中M是指初始面条的水分):
烹调损失(%)=(W2-W3)×100/W1×(1-M)
膨胀指数(%)=(W4-W1×(1-M))×100/W1×(1-M)
V:结果
下表1汇总了粒径测定、肉眼观察以及膨胀和烹调损失评价的结果。符号给出了与认为是具有所有所需特性的标准的绿豆淀粉面条相比的结果(++是指与绿豆淀粉一样好)。
表1.评价
淀粉 | 部分 | 粒径(μm) | 流动性 | 丝制造 | 干面条的澄清度 | 湿面条的澄清度 | 烹调损失(%) | 膨胀(%) |
马铃薯马铃薯马铃薯马铃薯马铃薯甘薯绿豆 | ->53μm36-53μm20-36μm<20μm-- | 5-10053-10036-5320-365-203-305-25 | ---------0++-++ | ---------0++0++ | ------++++++++ | +++++++++++++ | 8.89.34.36.12.22.11.8 | 932973865892756552334 |
Claims (15)
1.半透明食品产品,由重均粒径小于35μm的颗粒马铃薯淀粉制成,其中90%的颗粒小于20μm。
2.如权利要求1的半透明食品产品,其中淀粉的重均粒径小于25μm。
3.如权利要求2的半透明食品产品,其中淀粉的重均粒径小于20μm。
4.如权利要求1或2的半透明食品产品,其中95%的颗粒小于20μm。
5.如权利要求1或2的半透明食品产品,其中颗粒淀粉是通过水力旋流器分离、干或湿筛分、风选,或者由通过早期收获获得的马铃薯,或者由从基因改性的马铃薯植物获得的马铃薯获得的。
6.如权利要求1或2的半透明食品产品,其中食品产品是粉丝或凉粉。
7.重均粒径小于35μm,其中90%的颗粒小于20μm的颗粒马铃薯淀粉用于制备半透明食品产品的用途。
8.如权利要求7的用途,其中淀粉的重均粒径小于25μm。
9.如权利要求8的用途,其中淀粉的重均粒径小于20μm。
10.如权利要求7或8的用途,其中95%的颗粒小于20μm。
11.如权利要求7或8的用途,其中马铃薯淀粉是通过水力旋流器分离、干或湿筛分、风选,或者由通过早期收获获得的马铃薯,或者由通过基因改性的马铃薯植物获得的马铃薯获得的。
12.如权利要求7或8的用途,其中半透明食品产品是粉丝或凉粉。
13.重均粒径小于35μm,其中90%的颗粒小于20μm的颗粒马铃薯淀粉用于替代半透明食品产品中的豆类淀粉的用途。
14.如权利要求13的用途,其中豆类淀粉是绿豆淀粉。
15.如权利要求13或14的用途,其中95%的颗粒小于20μm。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03076301A EP1472935B1 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2003-05-02 | Translucent noodles |
EP03076301.5 | 2003-05-02 |
Publications (2)
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CN1784148A CN1784148A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
CN100364443C true CN100364443C (zh) | 2008-01-30 |
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CNB2004800118154A Expired - Lifetime CN100364443C (zh) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-05-03 | 半透明食品 |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US20070059430A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1472935B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4705017B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100364443C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE392817T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004233721B2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60320528T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2302897T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004095943A2 (zh) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN103300296A (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | 周泽根 | 浑浆绿豆凉粉 |
CN102715463B (zh) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-08-27 | 诸城市桃林食品有限责任公司 | 一种红豆全粉粉丝和粉皮及其生产方法 |
CN103271288A (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-04 | 孙燕群 | 一种营养保健面条 |
CN103478585A (zh) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-01 | 张玉双 | 玉米河捞面及其生产方法 |
CN103734576A (zh) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-23 | 佛山市新战略知识产权文化有限公司 | 一种营养凉粉的制备方法 |
CN103783385A (zh) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-14 | 吴桂林 | 一种天然花草凉粉 |
WO2019156096A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-15 | 日清フーズ株式会社 | 馬鈴薯澱粉 |
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EP0738474A2 (en) * | 1995-04-22 | 1996-10-23 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Process for making noodles based on raw mung bean starch or potato starch |
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2003
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- 2003-05-02 DE DE60320528T patent/DE60320528T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-02 AT AT03076301T patent/ATE392817T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-02 ES ES03076301T patent/ES2302897T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-05-03 WO PCT/NL2004/000291 patent/WO2004095943A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-03 US US10/554,341 patent/US20070059430A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-03 CN CNB2004800118154A patent/CN100364443C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-03 JP JP2006507877A patent/JP4705017B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-03 AU AU2004233721A patent/AU2004233721B2/en not_active Expired
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2010
- 2010-12-03 JP JP2010269888A patent/JP2011067217A/ja active Pending
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EP0738474A2 (en) * | 1995-04-22 | 1996-10-23 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Process for making noodles based on raw mung bean starch or potato starch |
US5916616A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1999-06-29 | Nakano Vinegar Co., Ltd. | Process for producing starch noodles by extrusion |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070059430A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
EP1472935A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
AU2004233721A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
DE60320528T2 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
ATE392817T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
WO2004095943A3 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
DE60320528D1 (de) | 2008-06-05 |
ES2302897T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
CN1784148A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1472935B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
AU2004233721B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
JP2006525014A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
JP2011067217A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
WO2004095943A2 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
JP4705017B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
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