CN100362105C - 胰羧肽酶原b、其同工型和突变蛋白的制备及应用 - Google Patents
胰羧肽酶原b、其同工型和突变蛋白的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及胰羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B同工型或突变蛋白的制备方法,其中:(a)在微生物中以分泌形式表达羧肽酶B的天然或非天然前体形式;(b)纯化以分泌形式表达的该前体形式;并(c)通过酶处理将纯化的前体形式转化成有活性的羧肽酶B或其同工型或突变蛋白。本发明还涉及一种核酸结构、其在所述方法中的用途及制备方法。本发明还涉及一种宿主细胞、其制备方法以及在制备胰羧肽酶原B或其同工型或突变蛋白的方法中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及羧肽酶B和羧肽酶原B的制备以及羧肽酶原B在制备生物技术方法中有用的羧肽酶B中的用途.
羧肽酶是一组合锌的切割蛋白质和多肽的酶(蛋白酶),它从待降解蛋白或肽的羧基端逐个水解去除单个氨基酸。因此羧肽酶属于外肽酶。动物羧肽酶在胰腺中以前体(羧肽酶原)形式形成,并在小肠中经胰蛋白酶水解成活性形式,在小肠中动物羧肽酶对蛋白质初级裂解产物多肽的消化非常重要。不同羧肽酶间存在底物特异性上的差异。
例如,羧肽酶B只释放碱性氨基酸,如精氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸。羧肽酶有助于蛋白质和多肽的序列分析,有助于确定羧基端氨基酸。而且可用羧肽酶B来测量蛋白。
羧肽酶B应用的工业实例是制备一种重要药物胰岛素,欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 489 780中描述了这种多肽激素的制备。在这个中请中,羧肽酶B用在将胰蛋白酶打开的胰岛素原转变成胰岛素的一个重要步骤中。
通常,这类工业方法中使用的羧肽酶B来源于可经商业途径获得的羧肽酶原B制品。优选该制品从猪胰腺中获得(Folk,J.E.,Meth.Enzym.:19,504,1970)
然而,动物来源酶的一个缺陷是有被动物病毒污染的危险,而无病毒检测既复杂又是计算制备成本的一个重要因素。如果这种酶用于大规模工业生产,例如工业生产胰岛素,另一个不利的因素是获得和储藏冷冻胰腺的高后勤成本。
除了从胰腺组织中提取羧肽酶B,用生物技术生产羧肽酶B是另一替代方法。这一方法中有一些已知的路线,例如直接胞内表达或在细菌中以融合蛋白形式,如以β-半乳糖苷酶-羧肽酶B融合蛋白形式表达,或在酵母中进行相应表达。这一方法的另一替代方法是表达羧肽酶B前体,即羧肽酶原B,它包括羧肽酶B的氨基酸序列和一段引导表达产物分泌的信号肽序列。对于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、大肠杆菌(E.coli)以及酵母属(Saccharomyces)、假丝酵母属(Candida)、多形汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorphus)和巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris),已描述了合适的表达系统,它们有时可以通过商业途径获得。
用表达系统制备羧肽酶B的先决条件是有活性的羧肽酶B在每种情况下不抑制宿主菌的生长,使得确实有可能第一次得以表达。具有这种性质的宿主菌通常难以发酵,以致扩大培养体积和延长培养时间产量提高相对较低。
胞内表达羧肽酶B(直接表达或以融合蛋白形式表达)的一个问题是表达蛋白初始以不正确空间结构存在,因而无活性。需在纯化和处理过程中体外重新折叠。在此过程中,可能会发生错误折叠,而影响酶活性和特异性,难以用于药物制备。
通过分泌成熟而有活性的酶的方式制备羧肽酶B也有其缺陷。在发酵过程中,细胞或营养培养基组份中的肽样片段被识别为底物,与羧肽酶B相互作用使其不断失活,导致产量的损失。
解决这个难题的方法是表达和分泌没有活性但有正确空间结构的羧肽酶B。体外经酶催化可从这种前体制备有活性的羧肽酶B。本文中“活性羧肽酶B”意为天然存在的羧肽酶B,如人羧肽酶B或其天然存在的同工型。“活性羧肽酶B”也可能是天然存在羧肽酶B的突变蛋白,其中氨基酸序列发生缺失、插入或替换,但突变蛋白酶活性在质量上与天然羧肽酶B相当。提及的前体可以是天然的羧肽酶原B或其衍生物,例如同工型、突变蛋白或因插入肽序列而失活的羧肽酶B。下文会详细描述所加蛋白序列的性质。优选羧肽酶原B或其衍生物,因为可很容易地控制从这些蛋白制备有活性的羧肽酶B。而且,提及的羧肽酶原B及其衍生物相对能够保存更长时间,而羧肽酶B保存时酶活性会丢失。
提及的羧肽酶原B衍生物含有羧肽酶B氨基酸序列以及N末端连接的具有信号肽氨基酸序列的多肽(以从表达用宿主生物中分泌该衍生物)、任选的不超过100氨基酸长的任何期望氨基酸序列和使得可以从该衍生物的羧肽酶B部分酶切除去N端附加肽段的内肽酶识别序列。这类内肽酶识别序列的实例有胰蛋白酶、Xa因子、弹性蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶和胶原酶相应的已知识别序列。
令人吃惊的是,发现羧肽酶原B能和胰岛素原与胰蛋白酶在单罐反应(one-pot reaction)中反应,以致新形成的活性羧肽酶B能立即识别和水解胰岛素B链羧基末端形成的精氨酸。这种方法得到的羧肽酶B比经保存后再加到与胰岛素原的反应中的羧肽酶B活性更高。反应混合物里的胰蛋白酶不仅能活化羧肽酶原B,也特异性切割胰岛素原,因而有利于释放成熟胰岛素。
令人吃惊的是,羧肽酶原B或所述衍生物N端加入4个组氨酸序列对胰蛋白酶活化的动力学无不利影响。加入4个组氨酸的优点在于蛋白质可用镍螯合复合的亲合层析方法纯化。这种修饰的羧肽酶原B的用途也是本发明的主题。
作为本发明实例,可表达人胰羧肽酶原B的cDNA序列。然而,很明显,由于人来源的酶和例如牛、大鼠、猪或其它形成胰腺组织的种属来源的酶,在DNA和蛋白质水平上序列同源性相当高,因此,也可用这些种属DNA序列代替人的DNA序列。也可以使用编码羧肽酶B突变蛋白的相应DNA。同样地,可使用编码羧肽酶B或羧肽酶原B天然或人工产生的同工型的DNA序列。而且由于遗传密码的简并性而产生的所有那些天然并不存在的DNA序列可用来代替上述编码羧肽酶B、羧肽酶原B或各自的突变蛋白的DNA序列。
同样,作为实例,用可从Invitrogen买到的分泌异源蛋白的巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统生产人羧肽酶原B。本领域的技术人员都清楚,也可使用细菌系统,例如大肠杆菌分泌突变体,如欧洲专利申请EP-A-0 448 093所描述的,可用羧肽酶原序列取代该申请所述的蛭素序列。另外的替代方案是在链霉菌属中表达人羧肽酶原B;例如,欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 504798描述过用来表达戊二酰胺酶(glutarylamidase)的系统。
同样清楚的是,除了实施例描述的外,本发明的方法在大规模工业应用中分离相对大量的酶时,也可使用其它的蛋白纯化方法如现有技术。
因此,本发明的一个主题是胰羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B的同工型或突变蛋白的制备方法,其中:
(a)在微生物中以分泌形式表达羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B同工型或突变蛋白的天然或非天然前体形式,
(b)纯化以分泌形式表达的前体形式,并
(c)通过酶处理将纯化的前体形式转化为活性羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B的同工型或突变蛋白;
特别是胰羧肽酶B或其同工型来源于人的此类方法,优选天然前体形式相应于羧肽酶原B或其同工型的此类方法。
下文提及所述方法时,若未明确指出是另一方法,通常使用“此类方法”。羧肽酶B的“天然”和“非天然”前体形式是天然存在的此类分子(“天然前体形式”)或通过氨基酸替换、插入或缺失由天然前体形式而来的此类分子(“非天然前体形式”),但这里的非天然前体形式通过酶处理能转化成有活性的胰羧肽酶或其同工型或突变蛋白。
特别优选的方法是此类方法,其中非天然前体形式具有下述结构:
S-(As)x-E-CB, (I)
其中:
S是导致相应微生物分泌在表达过程中形成的融合蛋白的信号肽;
As是任何期望的可遗传编码的氨基酸;
E是由内肽酶识别序列组成的肽接头;
CB是羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B的同工型或突变蛋白;
x是0-100的整数
此外,本发明涉及此类方法,其中通过给天然或非天然前体形式连接一个肽序列,使得可通过亲合层析纯化该前体形式。特别优选的是此类方法,其中连接用于通过亲和层析纯化的序列是1-6个组氨酸残基,优选4个组氨酸残基。
本发明还涉及用巴斯德毕赤酵母作为表达微生物的此类方法。
本发明的另一主题是此类方法,其中使用胰蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶、Xa因子、胰凝乳蛋白酶或胶原酶,优选胰蛋白酶,进行酶处理。
而且,本发明涉及此类方法,其中步骤(C)在合适的反应条件下、在含有胰岛素B、C和A链的胰岛素前体形式或胰岛素衍生物存在时进行,并且在此方法中形成了成熟胰岛素或成熟胰岛素衍生物,再从反应混合物中分离它们。
本发明的另一主题是羧肽酶原B和羧肽酶B在此类方法中的用途。
此外,本发明涉及用于此类方法中的一种核酸结构,其包含编码羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B同工型或突变蛋白的天然或非天然前体形式的DNA序列,其中所述编码序列可操作地与使该前体形式可在适合微生物中表达的启动子相接;优选的是,本发明涉及一种核酸结构,其中所述DNA序列编码式I的蛋白;此外,本发明涉及一种核酸结构,其中另有编码1-6个,优选4个组氨酸残基的DNA序列与编码羧肽酶B或羧肽酶B同工型或突变蛋白的天然或非天然前体形式的DNA序列相连。
下文提及所述核酸时一般使用“此类核酸结构”,除非明确指出是另一核酸结构。
本发明还涉及此类核酸结构的制备方法,其中
(a)分离或制备所述DNA序列,并
(b)以合适的方式将其插入载体中。
而且,本发明涉及此类核酸结构在上述制备胰羧肽酶B的方法中的用途。
本发明还涉及包含上述核酸结构的宿主细胞,和用于制备此类宿主细胞的方法,其中将上述核酸结构包括在一种适合的微生物中。
本发明还涉及这种宿主细胞在上述制备胰羧肽酶B的方法中的用途。
本实施例旨在举例说明如何表达和纯化羧肽酶原B及(His)4-羧肽酶原B。而且,解释了羧肽酶原B如何用胰蛋白酶活化,即以分离的形式活化和联合使用胰蛋白酶与羧肽酶原B,以制备胰岛素。
实施例1
本实施例描述了用以分泌人羧肽酶原B的重组巴斯德毕赤酵母株的制备。所用起始材料是cDNA制品,例如由从人胰腺组织分离的RNA按已知方法制备的。这种cDNA制品是可以买到的,例如可从Clontech(目录号是7410-1)买到。为扩增所期望的cDNA目的序列,合成了两条引物。用于此目的的序列取自Genebank数据库。按登记号M81057,可从该数据库获得人胰羧肽酶B的cDNA序列。正向引物P-CPBf22对应于22bp-32bp的区域,反向引物P-CPBrev1271对应于1271bp-1250bp区域。用标准聚合酶链式反应(PCR)反应进行扩增。凝胶电泳分离PCR反应产物并洗脱符合预期大小的约1250bp的DNA条带,在连接反应中与Invitrogen公司Original TA Cloning试剂盒里的pCR载体进行连接。用连接混合物转化试剂盒里提供的大肠杆菌INVαF感受态细胞,涂布于含25毫克/升的氨苄青霉素的NA平板上,37℃下培养。次日上午,从长出的菌落中取细胞重悬于20微升无菌水中,94℃孵育10分钟。向悬液里加入分别含0.2微克上述两种引物P-CPBf22和P-CPBrev1271的PCR反应缓冲液,这样可在100微升反应体积中进行标准PCR反应。凝胶电泳分析反应产物。含有能扩增出大约1250bp片段的DNA的转化子被认为是正确的。分离以这种方法确定的一个克隆的质粒DNA,并通过序列分析完整地确定该插入的cDNA序列。可见所确定的序列与Aloy等(生物化学(Biol.Chem.)379:149-155,1998)发表的序列完全一致。依据所发表文献,使用编码羧肽酶原-95到307位氨基酸的密码子用于表达。所用表达载体为Cregg,J.M.等(Bio/Technologie,11:905-910,1993)和Scorer,C.A.等(Bio/Technologie,12:181-184,1994)描述的质粒pPIC9。为此,用限制性内切酶XhoI和EcoRI切开质粒pPIC9。为将cDNA序列插入载体,合成了两条引物。正向引物PPICCPBf的序列是
XhoI 羧肽酶原→
5’TTTTTTCTCGAGAAAAGACATCATGGTGGTGAGCAC 3’
(SEQ ID NO.:1)
反向引物PPICCPBrev的序列是
EcoRI 羧肽酶原
5’TTTTTTGAATTCCTTACTACTAGTACAGGTGTTCCAGGAC 3’
(SEQ ID NO.:2)
用两条引物进行标准PCR反应扩增cDNA,纯化后用酶XhoI和EcoRI消化所获片段。从反应混合物里沉淀用这种方法得到的片段,用水溶解,与已切开的载体进行连接反应。用连接混合物转化感受态INVαF细胞,涂布于选择性平板。用上述PCR技术鉴定含有期望表达质粒的菌落。从正确的克隆提取质粒DNA。按Cregg,J.M.等所述将该DNA导入组氨酸营养缺陷型(Scorer C.A.等,生物技术(Biotechnology),12:181-184,1994)的巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115株。检查转化后变为组氨酸原养型的菌落的羧肽酶原蛋白表达。为此,表达如Clare,J.J.等(基因(Gene),105:205-212,1991)所述的50个克隆。表达结束时取1毫升培养基,离心去除细胞并冻干上清。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析每份上清。经考马斯亮蓝染色后,一些上清样品中可以看到一条分子量为45000道尔顿大小的清晰条带。未诱导的培养上清中看不到此带。用Chemicon公司(订货号AB1801)的抗猪羧肽酶B抗体作Western Blot分析能清楚地看到此条带。按实施例2分离表达羧肽酶原B的100毫升培养物,将该实验中产量最好的克隆培养在一个有横向档板的2升摇瓶中。
实施例2
本实施例描述了从实施例1培养物上清中纯化人羧肽酶原B。首先离心去除细胞。用硫酸铵处理澄清的上清,直到约55%饱和度。离心收集沉淀的蛋白,并用5ml含1mM EDTA的50mM Tris HCl(pH7.5)溶液溶解该沉淀。然后通过DEAE纤维素层析分离蛋白质悬浮物。用0-0.5M氯化钠梯度作洗脱层析图。通过Western Blot分析鉴定含目的蛋白的组分。合并各组分并通过超滤浓缩。用Bradford方法确定存留物中的蛋白浓度。用这种方法富集的羧肽酶原或冻干储存或按实施例4直接用胰蛋白酶处理活化。凝胶电泳分离物经考马斯亮蓝染色显示在分子量为45000道尔顿处有一条带,约占60%。此条带对应于Western Blot中的相应区域。
实施例3
本实施例描述了用以合成(His)4-羧肽酶原B的表达载体的制备。按实施例1中所述方案构建。使用引物PPICCPBrev(见实施例1)。修饰正向引物使其多含有4个编码组氨酸的密码子。因此,PCPBHisf引物序列是
XhoI 羧肽酶原→
5’TTTTTTCTCGAGAAAAGACACCATCACCACCATCATGGTGGTGAGCAC 3’
(His)4
(SEQ ID NO.:3)
用这种方法构建的巴斯德毕赤酵母株进行表达,在溶液中用硫酸氨沉淀后,HIS-羧肽酶原B蛋白通过镍亲和层析步骤直接纯化。所用层析支持材料是“ProBondTM镍螯合树脂”(Invitrogen目录号R801-01),见生产商的详细说明。考马斯亮蓝染色后,凝胶电泳分析表明实际上只有一条可见条带,分子量约为45000道尔顿。Werstern Blot实验中该条带被所用抗体识别。超滤浓缩经这种方法纯化的蛋白。按Bradford方法确定蛋白含量后,或冻干储存或按实施例4直接活化.
实施例4
本实施例描述了与胰蛋白酶反应活化羧肽酶原B。为此,用14毫升0.1MTris HCl溶液(pH7.8)溶解从实施例2中来的22毫克冻干蛋白,加热到26℃,并与15微升胰蛋白酶溶液(0.1单位/毫升)混合,搅拌孵育3小时。然后将溶液与大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂混合。用分子量排除极限为30000道尔顿的Centriprep滤器(Amicon)微量过滤从羧肽酶中去除胰蛋白酶、抑制剂、前肽片段以及其它成分。活性羧肽酶B冻存于5mM Tris缓冲液(pH7.5)中。确定蛋白浓度后按Folk,J.E.(酶学方法(Meth.Enzym.),19:504-508,1970)所述步骤测定比活性。如果所用起始材料是按实施例3制备的,活化时只用15毫克起始物。
实施例5
本实施例描述了联合应用胰蛋白酶和羧肽酶原B从单精氨酸胰岛素(mono-Arg insulin)中制备胰岛素。欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 347 781的实施例6中描述了单精氨酸胰岛素与胰蛋白酶和羧肽酶B在一个相同的反应容器中反应。本实施例中,用来自本申请实施例2的15微克羧肽酶原B或来自本申请实施例3的10微克羧肽酶原B代替欧洲专利申请EP-A 0347 781实施例6中的羧肽酶B。在两个反应中,通过使用3μl而不是2.5μl胰蛋白酶贮存液(按照欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 347 781实施例6)来提高胰蛋白酶浓度。
Claims (1)
1.一种生产成熟胰岛素的方法,包括
(a)在宿主细胞中表达羧肽酶B的前体形式,其中所述宿主细胞包含核酸构建体,所述核酸构建体包含:
(i)编码羧肽酶B的天然前体形式的序列,其中该前体形式包含分泌信号序列,没有酶活性,并且能够通过酶处理转化成具有酶活性的形式,和
(ii)与所述编码序列可操作地连接的启动子,其中所述启动子能够在微生物中表达,
(b)纯化羧肽酶B的前体形式,
(c)将所述纯化的羧肽酶B的前体形式、胰蛋白酶、和包含胰岛素的B、C和A链的胰岛素前体一起加到一个反应混合物中,由此将所述纯化的前体形式转化为活性羧肽酶B和产生成熟胰岛素,和
(d)从反应混合物中分离该成熟胰岛素。
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US8153395B2 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2012-04-10 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Method of making activated carboxypeptidases |
CN101058805B (zh) * | 2007-03-21 | 2011-09-07 | 北京贯虹科技有限公司 | 突变羧肽酶原b及突变羧肽酶b的生产方法 |
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EP0347781B1 (de) * | 1988-06-23 | 1994-02-16 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Mini-Proinsulin, seine Herstellung und Verwendung |
US5672496A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1997-09-30 | Eli Lilly And Company | DNA sequences encoding porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B |
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IL95495A (en) | 1989-08-29 | 1996-10-16 | Hoechst Ag | Fusion proteins their preparation and use |
EP0497757B1 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1994-06-22 | Schering Corporation | E. coli secretory strains |
DE4009268A1 (de) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-09-26 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Sekretion von hirudinderivaten |
IL99383A (en) * | 1990-09-05 | 1996-01-31 | Hoechst Ag | Enzymatic process for the conversion of preproinsulins into insulins |
DE4136389A1 (de) | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-08 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von glutarylacylase in grossen mengen |
US5658755A (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1997-08-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Method for extra-cellular expression of protein |
IL116696A (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1999-08-17 | Bio Technology General Corp | Production of enzymatically active recombinant carboxypeptidase b |
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EP0347781B1 (de) * | 1988-06-23 | 1994-02-16 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Mini-Proinsulin, seine Herstellung und Verwendung |
US5672496A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1997-09-30 | Eli Lilly And Company | DNA sequences encoding porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B |
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IL145646A0 (en) | 2002-06-30 |
BR0009636B1 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
HK1044566B (zh) | 2008-08-01 |
US6531294B1 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
WO2000061727A3 (de) | 2001-02-01 |
KR20010109348A (ko) | 2001-12-08 |
HK1044566A1 (zh) | 2002-10-25 |
CN1346407A (zh) | 2002-04-24 |
CA2369973A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
BR0009636A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
DE19915938A1 (de) | 2000-10-19 |
IL145646A (en) | 2008-03-20 |
ZA200108241B (en) | 2002-11-27 |
ES2270827T3 (es) | 2007-04-16 |
NO20014815L (no) | 2001-11-20 |
AU777408B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
DE50013563D1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
NZ514657A (en) | 2003-11-28 |
KR100714116B1 (ko) | 2007-05-07 |
EP1169461A2 (de) | 2002-01-09 |
AU4539400A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
NO20014815D0 (no) | 2001-10-03 |
CA2369973C (en) | 2011-09-27 |
WO2000061727A2 (de) | 2000-10-19 |
ATE341630T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
JP2002541793A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
NO326247B1 (no) | 2008-10-27 |
EP1169461B1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
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